超级电容器过渡金属氧化物电极材料研究进展

与传统电容器相比,超级电容器具有循环性能优异、大倍率充放电特性好、能快速充放电和环境友好等优点,目前在众多领域中都受到了研究者的关注.超级电容器电极材料主要包括3大类,即碳基电极材料、过渡金属氧化物电极材料及导电聚合物电极材料.鉴于超级电容器具有广阔的应用前景,综述了超级电容器过渡金属氧化物电极材料的研究现状,并对其今后可能的发展方向进行探讨.     

碳基超级电容器研究进展

作为一种绿色环保的新型储能装置,超级电容器近年来发展迅速,电极材料是决定超级电容器性能与制造成本的最主要因素。碳材料因种类多样、价格廉价并具有较高的比表面积、较高的导电率和非常好的化学稳定性而被作为一种重要的电极材料广泛应用于储能元件中,主要包括活性碳、碳微球、碳纳米管、石墨烯等。碳基超级电容器是以碳材料作为主要电极材料的一类电容器。本文详细介绍了不同碳基电极材料的研究发展状况,以及碳基超级电容器的研究与应用进展。     

超级电容器用钒基纳米电极材料的研究进展

超级电容器因其优越的性能已成为近些年的研究热点.电极材料是决定超级电容器电化学性能的关键,研究者们对各种超级电容器电极材料进行了广泛的研究.钒元素具有可变价态,使得钒基化合物具有理论比容量高、电化学可逆性良好等优点,是一类极具潜力的超级电容器电极材料.为了提升钒基电极材料的电化学性能,研究者们将其制备为纳米结构,或进一步与其他材料复合制备纳米复合材料.归纳总结了近年来国内外对零维、一维、二维、三维钒基纳米材料作为超级电容器电极材料的研究进展,以期为超级电容器用钒基纳米电极材料的发展提供参考.     

多孔石墨烯的制备与应用研究进展

石墨烯由于其特殊的结构和优异的性能受到了科学界的广泛关注.许多研究者受石墨烯优异性能的启发,对石墨烯相关材料进行了广泛的实验和理论研究.多孔石墨烯是一类具有纳米级孔结构的石墨烯材料,在超级电容器、气体分离净化、储氢、DNA检测等领域具有广泛的应用前景.综述了多孔石墨烯材料的最新研究进展,总结了近年来国内外多孔石墨烯制备方法及其潜在应用,还对现有研究成果进行总结分析,并指出了当前仍待解决的问题,为今后工作提出了建议.     

超级电容器电极材料的研究进展

超级电容器作为一种新型的电化学储能元件,以充放电效率高、循环寿命长等优点引起研究者的大量关注,而电极材料是决定超级电容器性能的一个关键性因素。常见的电极材料主要有:碳材料、金属化合物材料和导电聚合物材料三大类。当它们单独作为超级电容器电极材料时,碳材料展现高功率密度和优异的循环稳定性,但其比电容较低;而金属化合物和导电聚合物材料具有高比电容,但由于它们导电性差,致使其循环稳定性和倍率性能较差。因此,超级电容器电极材料的研究关注点是碳材料与其他材料组成复合材料,以制备出兼具高比电容、良好循环稳定性和倍率性能的超级电容器电极材料。     

石墨烯基三元复合材料在超级电容器中的应用

电极材料是决定超级电容器性能的关键.石墨烯比表面积大、导电性好、具有良好的环境稳定性,但单独作为电极材料时面临着比容量和能量密度欠佳的困境.制备石墨烯复合材料是解决该问题的途径之一,石墨烯二元复合材料已经显示出优于石墨烯的储电性能.三元或多元复合材料在微观尺度、维度和结构上具有更丰富的设计、组合模式,相应地,其电化学性能也有更多的可能性和自身特有的发展空间.文章综述了几类石墨烯三元复合材料的研究进展,比较并探讨了每一类石墨烯三元复合物作为超级电容器电极材料的性能和优点、存在的问题、可能的解决方案及发展趋势.     

钴镍基二元超级电容器电极材料的电化学性能

以泡沫镍为集流体,采用压片法,在8MPa压力下制备钴镍基一/二元超级电容器电极材料.通过电化学工作站测试样品的循环伏安、恒流充放电和交流阻抗等电化学性能.研究结果表明,钴镍基二元超级电容器电极材料的综合电化学性能高于相应的一元电极材料.     

石墨烯基聚苯胺水凝胶的电化学性能研究

通过两步溶液自组装方法,制备了具有三维多孔网络结构的石墨烯基聚苯胺复合水凝胶(PR-x),并通过SEM、XRD、FT-IR、Raman、XPS等表征手段对样品的微观形貌和结构组成进行了表征分析.结果表明,聚苯胺均匀地负载于三维多孔石墨烯网络骨架,且能够显著抑制石墨烯的团聚现象.研究了石墨烯基聚苯胺复合水凝胶电极的电化学性能.当聚苯胺质量分数为75％,电流密度为1 A·g-1时,比电容为762.8 F·g-1;当扫描速率从5 mV·s-1增加到50 mV·s-1时,倍率保留率高达77％,经过3000次恒电流充放电后比电容保留率仍高达89.27％.该石墨烯基聚苯胺复合水凝胶电极作为超级电容器表现出优异的放电容量、倍率性能和循环稳定性,具有一定的潜在应用价值.     

超级电容器电极材料的最新研究进展

电极材料是决定电容器性能的重要因素,高性能电极材料的开发是超级电容器研发的重点. 单一电极材料在能量密度、功率密度、工作电压、价格等方面均有一定缺陷,已经满足不了高性能超级电容器发展的需要. 复合或混合型电极材料可以显著提高超级电容器的综合性能,已经成为超级电容器电极材料发展的主要趋势.     

中科院大连化物所研发石墨烯基柔性化超级电容器

正中科院大连化物所研究员吴忠帅带领二维材料与能源器件研究团队,在柔性化、微型化石墨烯基超级电容器研究方面取得新进展,成功获得了二维噻吩纳米片与石墨烯叠层结构复合薄膜,并应用于高性能、柔性化、微型化超级电容器。相关成果近日发表于《先进材料》。研究团队将甲烷等离子体还原技术和光刻微加工技术相结合,制备出石墨烯基高功率平面微型超级电容器。该     

Preparation and supercapacitor performance of assembled graphene fiber and foam

Graphene-based materials have been full of vigor and tremendous potentiality for application in supercapacitors due to its variety of unique properties such as electronic properties, simple synthesis, etc. In developing new macroscopic nanostructured graphene materials for supercapacitors, considerable efforts have been made by the scientist including our research group. In this account, we describe our development of the construction of the assembled graphene especially fiber and foam, which have great potential in addressing the challenges in the synthesis of graphene-based electrode materials for supercapacitors. As the supercapacitors are reviewed in this article, they are accordant with the rapid development of flexible, lightweight, and wearable-electronic devices, overcoming the major some drawbacks of conventional bulk supercapacitors. We hope that this summary will benefit the further research of graphene-based materials for the applications in electrochemical energy storage devices and beyond.     

超级电容器电极材料的结构设计

超级电容器由于具有功率密度大和循环寿命长的优势受到了广泛的关注.电极材料是超级电容器的核心部分,是发展高性能超级电容器的关键要素.电极材料的组成、晶体结构、微纳结构形态等对其电化学性能具有重大影响.赝电容电极材料的性能与晶体内部的孔道结构密切相关,具有大孔道的电极材料其比容量明显高于只含有小孔道的电极材料.合理调控电极材料微纳结构形态如设计多孔结构、中空结构有利于增大电极的电化学活性表面,进而获得更多的电荷存储量,是提高储能性能的有效途径之一.将赝电容电极材料与导电基体复合生长可以提高材料整体的电导率,进而提高材料的比容量与倍率性能.通过对超级电容器电极材料结构的合理设计进而实现其储能性能的提高已经成为电化学储能领域的研究热点,对于推动超级电容器的发展具有重要意义.     

镍基电极材料在超级电容器中的制备与应用

Ni因其价格低廉和对环境友好,被视为具有发展潜力的超级电容器电极材料之一;且它与其他电极材料复合可以有效阻止团聚反应的发生,能大大改善材料的电化学性能。近年来Ni的（氢）氧化物与碳材料、聚合物等复合制备新的电极材料已经成为储能领域研究的热点。介绍了Ni的化合物作为电极材料储能的机制以及在复合电极材料中的应用,综述了近年来国内外报道的各类镍基复合电极材料的研究进展,并对其今后的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Advanced materials for aqueous supercapacitors in the asymmetric design

Supercapacitors have been recognized as one of the promising energy storage devices in the future energy technology. In this perspective, rapid progress is made in the development of fundamental and applied aspects of supercapacitors. Various techniques have been developed specifically to estimate the specific capacitance. Numerous efforts have been made in the literature to increase the specific capacitance of electrode materials. Recently, researchers pay more attention on designing supercapacitors of asymmetric type with extending cell voltage and dissimilar materials with complementary working potentials. Researchers try to increase the specific energy of asymmetric supercapacitors (ASCs). Conversely, it is still a challenge to find a suitable operation conditions for ASCs in various designs, especially for the one with battery type electrode. In this review, we describe our recent research works and other reports on the preparation of various nanostructured electrode materials and the performances of both symmetric and asymmetric supercapacitors. Finally, we demonstrate effects of charge balance on the capacitive performances of ASCs which consist of one electrode material of the battery type and one capacitive material. We also demonstrate how to evaluate the charge capacities of both positive and negative electrode materials for this ASC application.     

Influence of graphene microstructures on electrochemical performance for supercapacitors

The influence of variant graphenes on electrochemical performance for supercapacitors was studied comparatively and systematically by using SEM, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results revealed that: 1) the nitrogen-doped graphene (N-G) electrode exhibited the highest specific capacitance at the same voltage scan rate; 2) the specific capacitance of the N-G reached up to 243.5 F/g at 1 A/g, while regular graphite oxide (GO) was 43.5 F/g and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was 67.9 F/g; 3) N-G exhibited the best supercapacitance performance and the superior electrochemical properties, which made it an ideal electrode material for supercapacitors.     

Heteroatom-doped graphene for electrochemical energy storage

The increasing energy consumption and envi- ronmental concerns due to burning fossil fuel are key drivers for the development of effective energy storage systems based on innovative materials. Among these materials, graphene has emerged as one of the most promising due to its chemical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Heteroatom doping has been proven as an effective way to tailor the properties of graphene and render its potential use for energy storage devices. In this view, we review the recent developments in the synthesis and applications of heteroatom-doped graphene in supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries.     

壳聚糖水解技术对超级电容器电极材料性能的影响

壳聚糖是一类具备天然氮元素的海洋生物质,可作为制备超级电容器的前驱体,但溶解性质限制了其反应均匀性。本研究以壳聚糖为原料,利用自主研发的水解法制备壳寡糖均相溶液,作为前驱体制备超级电容器电极材料。实验采用了三电极体系对该电极材料多性能进行表征,包括循环性能、阻抗、元素分析、SEM、TEM、XRD等,探讨了水解工艺对电极材料综合性能的影响,并且与出发原料壳聚糖进行对比。结果表明：壳寡糖电极材料性能有了明显的提升,在电流密度为0.5 A g-1时比电容高达227.5 F g-1,具有优秀的循环稳定性,1000圈循环后比电容仍未有明显下降,且电极的膜阻抗和电荷转移电阻较小,说明该工艺制备的壳寡糖具有很好的超级电容器方面应用前景。     

超级电容器极化电极材料的研究进展

超级电容器作为储能元件，具有重要的战略意义，与常规的电解电容器相比，明显地提高了比容量、比能量；而与电池相比，虽然比能量较低，但其比功率却是电池的数量级倍数。目前用于制备超级电容在的极化电极材料主要分为碳素材料、金属氧化物材料和导电聚合物材料。简要地介绍了这三类材料的制备、结构、改性、工作原理以及电化学特性，评述了这三类材料的研究进展，这三类材料制作的电容器具有超大功率，长循环寿命等特点，为电动车（EV）以及其他储能器的发展奠定了基础。     

Preparation of three-dimensional graphene foam for high performance supercapacitors

Supercapacitor is a new type of energy-storage device, and has been attracted widely attentions. As a two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, graphene is considered to be a promising material of supercapacitor because of its excellent properties involving high electrical conductivity and large surface area. In this paper, the large-scale graphene is successfully fabricated via environmental-friendly electrochemical exfoliation of graphite, and then, the three dimensional (3D) graphene foam is prepared by using nickel foam as template and FeCl3/HCl solution as etchant. Compared with the regular 2D graphene paper, the 3D graphene foam electrode shows better electrochemical performance, and exhibits the largest specific capacitance of approximately 128 F/g at the current density of 1 A/g in 6 M KOH electrolyte. It is expected that the 3D graphene foam will have a potential application in the supercapacitors.     

Tert-butylhydroquinone-decorated graphene nanosheets and their enhanced capacitive behaviors

In the present work,tert-butylhydroquinone(TBHQ) was used to decorate graphene nanosheets to obtain a novel and environmentally friendly electrode material for supercapacitors.The fast redox reactions between hydroquinone and quinone generate pseudocapacitance.Graphene layers which have adsorbed TBHQ interact with each other to construct a three-dimensional network.Through this network,electrolyte ions can easily access the surface of graphene to generate electric double-layer capacitance.Electrochemical measurements have shown that using TBHQ as a redox modifier of graphene can obtain a maximum value of 302 F g-1 and provide a 51% enhancement in specific capacitance.Furthermore,excellent rate capability and cycling ability are achieved using the TBHQ-decorated graphene nanosheet electrode.