超级电容器电极材料的结构设计

超级电容器由于具有功率密度大和循环寿命长的优势受到了广泛的关注.电极材料是超级电容器的核心部分,是发展高性能超级电容器的关键要素.电极材料的组成、晶体结构、微纳结构形态等对其电化学性能具有重大影响.赝电容电极材料的性能与晶体内部的孔道结构密切相关,具有大孔道的电极材料其比容量明显高于只含有小孔道的电极材料.合理调控电极材料微纳结构形态如设计多孔结构、中空结构有利于增大电极的电化学活性表面,进而获得更多的电荷存储量,是提高储能性能的有效途径之一.将赝电容电极材料与导电基体复合生长可以提高材料整体的电导率,进而提高材料的比容量与倍率性能.通过对超级电容器电极材料结构的合理设计进而实现其储能性能的提高已经成为电化学储能领域的研究热点,对于推动超级电容器的发展具有重要意义.

Structure Design of Supercapacitor Electrode Materials

As energy storage devices,supercapacitors have received extensive attention because of their unique advantages including long cycle life,superior reversibility,and high energy and power density.Electrode materials play a pivotal role in the development of high-performance supercapacitors.The chemical composition,crystal structure,and micro/nano structure morphology play the important role in determining the performance of electrode materials.The capacitive performance of some typical pseudo-capacitive electrode materials is closely related to their tunnel size in crystal structure.The electrode materials with larger tunnel size exhibit better performance than those with smaller tunnels.Rational control over the micro/nano structure and morphology of electrode materials,such as design of porous structure and hollow structure presents an effective way to improve the capacitive performance.More electrochemically active surfaces will be created by engineering hollow and porous nanostructures,and thus more charges can be stored.The electrical conductivity will be improved when the pseudo-capacitive electrode materials are grown on conductive matrix that high specific capacity and improved rate capability can be realized.The rational design of the supercapacitor electrodes has become an intense topic in the field of electrochemical energy storage,which will be beneficial to promote the development of supercapacitors.