鹅毛玉凤花总多糖提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

本研究以药用植物鹅毛玉凤花(Habenaria dentata)的块茎为材料,在单因素试验的基础上,选取提取时间、料液比和提取温度进行响应面试验,优化鹅毛玉凤花总多糖的提取工艺,并通过测定总多糖的DPPH自由基(DPPH·)清除率、羟基自由基(·OH)清除率、超氧阴离子自由基(O₂^-·)清除率和总还原力,探究鹅毛玉凤花的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,鹅毛玉凤花总多糖的最佳提取条件为提取时间7 h,料液比1∶58.7 (g/mL),提取温度73.49℃,优化验证后的鹅毛玉凤花总多糖得率为9.59%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.13%。抗氧化试验结果表明,鹅毛玉凤花总多糖对DPPH·、·OH、O₂^-·的半抑制浓度(IC₅₀)分别为1.385 mg/mL、0.006 mg/mL和0.020 mg/mL,其总还原力是L-抗坏血酸的2.24%,表明鹅毛玉凤花总多糖具有较好的抗氧化能力。     

面包树树叶类黄酮提取工艺优化及抗氧化性评价

为探究面包树(Artocarpus altilis)树叶类黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件,本研究以面包树树叶为原料,乙醇为提取剂,采用常温提取法、回流提取法、超声波辅助提取法3种方法进行提取,得到最佳提取方法;在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面分析法优化提取工艺,并评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇体积分数86.15%、固液比1∶8.3 (g/mL)、提取温度74.03℃、超声时间71.33 min,类黄酮得率为8.87%,含量为0.93 mg/mL。类黄酮对DPPH自由基的半抑制浓度(IC₅₀)值为0.23 mg/mL,对ABTS⁺自由基的IC₅₀值为0.024 mg/mL。上述工艺条件能有效提取面包树树叶中的类黄酮成分,其具有较强的自由基清除能力,为面包树树叶类黄酮资源的开发与利用提供了参考。     

印度块菌粗多糖的提取及抗氧化活性研究

采用正交试验研究了热水浸提法提取印度块菌(Tuberindicum Cooke&Massee)子实体粗多糖(TICP)的最优工艺,根据方差分析结果确定了热水浸提法的最优工艺为:料液比1∶15,提取时间120 min,提取温度100℃,提取2次,多糖提取率为6.790 2%.用95%乙醇对粗多糖进行醇沉,然后利用总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)测定法、羟基自由基(OH.)清除法、铁离子螯合能力及测定还原能力等方法对上述印度块菌粗多糖的抗氧化活性进行评价,结果显示块菌粗多糖对羟基自由基的清除活性最高,其EC50值为0.26 mg/mL,其次为还原能力和铁离子螯合能力,其EC50值分别为1.15 mg/mL、2.80 mg/mL,同时块菌粗多糖具有较好的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),当浓度为20 mg/mL时,其总抗氧化能力为72.06 U/mL.     

苦荞籽粒黄酮的提取纯化及抗氧化活性研究

利用响应面分析法对苦荞籽粒总黄酮提取工艺进行研究。以苦荞粉为原料,通过单因素实验考察液料比、乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间4个因素对黄酮提取率的影响,利用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件中的Box-Behnken中心组合设计进行响应面试验,建立二次回归方程,得到苦荞籽粒黄酮的较佳提取工艺为:液料比(mL/g)20∶1,乙醇体积分数75%,提取温度70℃,提取时间4h,此条件下提取率为2.632%。通过测定纯化后苦荞籽粒黄酮对O-₂·的清除率、抗脂质过氧化能力、还原力和DPPH自由基清除率,分析其抗氧化能力,并用抗坏血酸做阳性对照,结果显示苦荞籽粒总黄酮具有还原力。通过SPSS软件分析,得到其抗脂质过氧化能力、清除O-₂·能力和清除DPPH能力的IC₅₀值分别1.115,0.498,2.235μg/mL,表明苦荞籽粒黄酮具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

桑白皮多糖提取工艺研究及抗氧化活性评价

研究桑白皮多糖提取工艺并评价其抗氧化活性,以期为其开发应用提供参考依据和理论支撑。采用超声辅助提取桑白皮多糖,设计正交试验对提取条件进行优化,用硫酸苯酚法测定总糖含量,3,5-二硝基水杨酸(DNS)比色法测定还原糖含量,两者之差表示多糖含量。采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)比色法、羟基自由基(·OH)清除法、超氧阴离子(·O -2)清除法研究其抗氧化活性。 桑白皮多糖的最佳提取条件为料液比1∶20,超声时间30 min,提取温度50 ℃,提取2次。桑白皮多糖对DPPH和·OH清除作用与质量浓     

神木天坑两种药茶同源植物叶总黄酮提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

喀斯特天坑地区拥有许多特色的药茶资源。本研究采用超声波提取法对神木天坑五棱苦丁茶总黄酮进行提取,并运用单因素试验和响应面试验相结合的方式对提取条件进行优化。然后以神木天坑的五棱苦丁茶、异叶梁王茶的叶片为材料,以苦丁茶叶片为对照,测定3种药茶的总黄酮含量;同时,为研究3种药茶的抗氧化活性,进行体外羟基自由基（·OH）、超氧阴离子（·O₂^-）和二苯基苦基苯肼自由基（DPPH·）的清除试验。结果显示：乙醇浓度40%（V∶V）、料液比1∶50 （g/mL）、提取温度64.9℃、提取时间35.2 min、超声波功率316.8 W和超声频率35 kHz时,苦丁茶、五棱苦丁茶、异叶梁王茶总黄酮得率分别为10.61%、4.98%和15.73%。当控制黄酮浓度为1 mg/mL时,3种茶叶黄酮均具有较好的总还原力,抗氧化活性较好,其中以异叶梁王茶对·OH、·O₂^-和DPPH·的清除率最大,分别为53.02%、49.84%和73.96%。试验结果表明异叶梁王茶具有较好的抗氧化能力,为其资源开发奠定一定的科学基础。     

响应面法优化笃斯越橘混合菌发酵工艺

采用酵母菌、植物乳杆菌及醋酸菌对笃斯越橘进行混合发酵,通过测定基础指标(pH值、蛋白质、还原糖含量)、活性成分(总酚、黄酮、原花青素、花色苷含量)、抗氧化能力(·OH清除率、总抗氧化能力)确定菌种比例之后,以pH值、蛋白质含量、还原糖含量、总酚含量、·OH清除率及总抗氧化能力为考察指标,进行单因素实验以确定发酵时间、接种量、发酵温度及初始糖度的优化范围,在此基础上以总酚含量和·OH清除率为响应值进行Box-Benhken中心组合实验,优化发酵工艺条件。实验结果表明,在酵母菌、植物乳杆菌、醋酸菌菌种比例1∶2∶1,发酵时间62h,接种量6%,发酵温度38.5℃,初始糖度15.5°Bx的条件下,笃斯越橘发酵液的总酚质量浓度达(53.27±0.16)mg/(100mL),稀释10倍笃斯越橘发酵液的·OH清除率达(83.88±0.19)%,与优化前相比分别提高了56.91%和34.34%,其·OH清除率显著高于阳性对照组(p＜0.01),约为2mg/mL维生素C溶液的5倍。实验结果可为笃斯越橘的深加工提供实验参考依据。     

汉中仙毫茶多酚与维生素C抗氧化及抑菌活性的协同作用

采用DPPH·和ABTS⁺·方法研究了汉中仙毫茶多酚与维生素C(VC)体外抗氧化活性的协同作用,采用二倍稀释法和牛津杯法研究了茶多酚与VC混合物对大肠杆菌的抑菌作用。茶多酚与VC的混合物[m(茶多酚)∶m(VC)=1∶1,1∶2,2∶1]具有较强的DPPH·清除能力,其EC₅₀值低于茶多酚和VC；并且混合物中VC所占比例越高,EC₅₀值就越低。m(茶多酚)与m(VC)的1∶1混合物对ABTS⁺·的EC₅₀值略低于VC。基于体外抗氧化活性与样品浓度之间量效关系构建的数学模型具有较高的拟合度。m(茶多酚)与m(VC)的1∶1和2∶1混合物对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为38和46mg·mL-1。m(茶多酚)与m(VC)的2∶1混合物的抑菌圈直径较大,其抑菌活性略高于茶多酚。茶多酚与VC以特定比例混合后,自由基清除能力有所提高,并且抑菌活性有明显的提升。     

山茱萸多糖PFCA Ⅲ抗氧化性能研究

研究了山茱萸多糖PFCAⅢ的抗氧化性能。利用烘箱法研究多糖对油脂的抗氧化活性，结果表明水提山茱萸多糖PFCAⅢ可有效抑制植物油氧化；利用Fenton反应检测多糖PFCAⅢ对羟基自由基(·OH)的清除作用，当清除率达50%时所需浓度为430mg/L；通过邻苯三酚自氧化反应检测PFCAⅢ对超氧阴离子自由基(O₂^-·)的清除能力 ,当PFCAⅢ的添加浓度为100mg/L时清除率为21.5%。     

玉米须总黄酮提取物对猪肉脯抗氧化性影响的研究

以玉米须为原料,测纯化后玉米须总黄酮的各项抗氧化指标,玉米须总黄酮对·OH和DPPH自由基的IC₅₀分别为0.155mg/mL和0.049mg/mL。与此同时,将已纯化的玉米须总黄酮添加至猪肉脯中,通过测定POV值、色度和电子鼻为质量指标,对比研究提取的玉米须总黄酮、市售BHT和植酸对猪肉脯的抗氧化效果。结果表明:储存26d后,玉米须总黄酮的抗氧化性最强,其POV为1.625meq/kg,而未添加抗氧化剂的猪肉脯(空白)POV值为3.75meq/kg；电子鼻实验结果表明,添加玉米须总黄酮的猪肉脯与空白组的气味相似度为94.95%。综上所述,玉米须总黄酮可作为一种天然抗氧化剂应用于肉制品中。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the