Synthesis and characterization of cerium sulfide thin film

Cerium sulfide(Cex Sy)polycrystalline thin film is coated with chemical bath deposition on substrates(commercial glass).Transmittance,absorption,optical band gap and refractive index are examined by using UV/VIS.Spectrum.The hexagonal form is observed in the structural properties in XRD.The structural and optical properties of cerium sulfide thin films are analyzed at different p H.SEM and EDX analyses are made for surface analysis and elemental ratio in films.It is observed that some properties of films changed with different p H values.In this study,the focus is on the observed changes in the properties of films.The p H values were scanned at 6–10.The optical band gap changed with p H between 3.40 to 3.60 e V.In addition,the film thickness changed with p H at 411 nm to 880 nm.     

Characteristic analysis on the physical properties of nanostructured Mg-doped CdO thin films—Doping concentration effect

Highly conductive and transparent magnesium-doped cadmium oxide(CdO :Mg) thin films have been deposited on suitably cleaned glass substrates maintained at 375℃ by spray pyrolysis technique using perfume atomizer. The magnesium content in the films is varied from 0 to 8 at%in steps of 2 at%. The effect of Mg doping on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of the CdO thin films has been studied.All the films exhibited cubic structure with a preferential orientation along the(1 1 1) plane irrespective of the Mg doping level. SEM analysis showed that the film morphology modifies from spherical shaped grains to closely packed cauliflower shaped nanostructures with Mg doping.Except for the film coated with 2 at% Mg dopant, all the other doped films exhibited a blue shift in the optical band gap. Electrical studies revealed that the Cd O:Mg film coated with 8 at% Mg dopant had a minimum resistivity of 0.0853*10~1Ω-cm.     

Study of phase separation in Ga25Se75 xTex chalcogenide thin films

The effects of composition and thermal annealing in between glass transition and crystallization temperature on the optical and structural properties of Ga25Se75-xTex were investigated. The glass transition and crystallization temperature of the synthesized samples was measured by non-isothermal DSC measurements. Amorphous thin films of Ga25Se75-xTex glasses were grown onto ultra clean glass/Si wafer (100) substrates using the vacuum evaporation technique. The effect of thermal annealing on the optical gap (Eg) for Ga25Se75-xTex thin films in the temperature range 358-388K is studied. As-prepared and annealed thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and optical absorption. Thermal annealing was found to be accompanied by structural effects, which in turn, lead to changes in the optical constants. The optical absorption coefficient (a) for as-deposited and thermally annealed films was calculated from the absorbance data. From the knowledge of absorption coefficient at different wavelengths, the optical band gap (Eg) was calculated for all compositions of Ga25Se75-xTex thin films before and after thermal annealing. Results indicate that allowed indirect optical transition is predominated in as-deposited and thermally annealed thin films. The influence of Te incorporation and thermal annealing in Ga25Se75-xTex thin films results in a gradual decrease in the indirect optical gap, this behaviorcan be explained as increased tailing. The decrease in optical band gap and an increase in absorption coefficient and extinction coefficient with thermal annealing can be attributed to transformation from amorphous to crystalline phase.     

Structural and optical properties of Zn1−xNixTe thin films prepared by electron beam evaporation technique

Zn1-xNixTe thin films with different composition(x=0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20) were deposited on glass substrate by electron beam evaporation technique followed by its characterization using advanced structural and optical analysis techniques. Structural properties of the prepared thin films were studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD). The XRD patterns revealed that the binary compounds transformed into a ternary compound with cubic structure having preferred orientation along the c-direction with(111) planes. Composition analysis of the films was determined by energy dispersive analysis of X-rays(EDAX) and found to be in agreement with the precursor composition. Optical properties such as extinction coefficient(k) and band gap energy of these films were examined by using a spectroscopic ellipsometer. It was found that the extinction coefficient(k) increased with the addition of Ni content in the alloy. In comparison, the band gap energy was also determined by using transmission spectra and found to be agreed with that of the ellipsometric results. These analyses confirm that the band gap energy decreases with the increase of Ni content in the alloy.     

Silicon dots films deposited by spin-coating as a generated carrier addition layer of third generation photovoltaics

In this work, silicon ink composing of silicon powder and zinc oxide solution was formulated and spin-coated on quartz and n/p-Si substrates followed by drying the films under atmosphere at the temperature of 550°C. The results showed that this top-addition layer could be the highly promising layer for photo-generating carriers in third-generation photovoltaics to enhance blue-light absorption. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to study the presence of silicon and zinc oxide nano-crystallites. The thin films consisting of different energy bandgap of Si nanocrystals(～100 nm) with narrow bandgap and spherical Zn O:Bi nanocrystal(～20 nm) with wider bandgap could be obtained from the evidence of bandgap enlargement. The band gaps of the thin films were tunable by adjusting silicon dots density in Zn O:Bi film. Energy upshift of light absorption edge depended on the silicon dots density was observed in the range 1.6–3.3 eV related band gap enlargement by Tauc plot. Under illumination, a high photocurrent gain of the thin film comprised of low Si dots density coated on a quartz substrate was about 10~3 times higher compared with its dark current. This result is agreeably explained in terms of its lower superficial trap states at the interface between silicon and zinc oxide matrix. The composite layer can be applied to a third-generation solar cell with the efficiency 1.50% higher than that with a typical crystalline-Si solar cell.     

Effect of chlorine doping on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of spray deposited CdS thin films

CdS and chlorine doped CdS(CdS:Cl) thin films with different Cl-doping levels(0,2,4,6 and 8 at%) have been deposited on glass substrates by a spray pyrolysis technique using a perfume atomizer.The effect of Cl doping on the structural,morphological,optical and electrical properties of the films was investigated.XRD patterns revealed that all the films exhibit hexagonal crystal structure with a preferential orientation along the(0 0 2) plane irrespective of the Cl doping level.The particle size value decreases from 22.03 nm to 18.12 nm with increase in Cl concentration.Optical band gap is blue-shifted from 2.48 eV to 2.73 eV with increase in Cl doping concentration.All the films have resistivity in the order of 10~4 Ω cm.The obtained results confirm that chlorine as an anionic dopant material can enhance the physical properties of CdS thin films to a large extent.     

Structure,optical,and magnetic properties of Mn-doped ZnO films prepared by sputtering

<正>The microstructural,optical,and magnetic properties and room-temperature photoluminescence(PL) of Mn-doped ZnO thin films were studied.The chemical compositions were examined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS) and the charge state of Mn ions in the ZnO:Mn films was characterized by X-ray photoelectronic spectrometry(XPS).From the X-ray diffraction(XRD) data of the samples,it can be found that Mn doping does not change the orientation of ZnO thin films.All the films prepared have a wurtzite structure and grow mainly along the c-axis orientation.The grain size and the residual stress were calculated from the XRD results.The optical transmittance of the film decreases with the increase of manganese content in ZnO.The room-temperature photoluminescence of the films shows that the intensity of near band energy(NBE) emission depends strongly on the Mn content.The hysteresis behavior indicates that the films with the Mn content below 9at%are ferromagnetic at room temperature.     

Structure,optical, and magnetic properties of Mn-doped ZnO films prepared by sputtering

The microstructural, optical, and magnetic properties and room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) of Mn-doped ZnO thin films were studied. The chemical compositions were examined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and the charge state of Mn ions in the ZnO:Mn films was characterized by X-ray photoelectronic spectrometry (XPS). From the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data of the samples, it can be found that Mn doping does not change the orientation of ZnO thin films. All the films prepared have a wurtzite structure and grow mainly along the c-axis orientation. The grain size and the residual stress were calculated from the XRD results. The optical transmittance of the film decreases with the increase of manganese content in ZnO. The room-temperature photoluminescence of the films shows that the intensity of near band energy (NBE) emission depends strongly on the Mn content. The hysteresis behavior indicates that the films with the Mn content below 9at% are ferromagnetic at room temperature.     

Structural and optical properties of Cr doped ZnO crystalline thin films deposited by reactive electron beam evaporation technique

ZnO and Cr-doped ZnO thin films are grown on to glass substrates using reactive electron beam(e-beam) evaporation technique.Variation of structural,morphological,and optical properties with Cr doping is investigated.X-ray diffraction(XRD) studies show that the films are polycrystalline in nature with single phase.Energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS) results demonstrate that Cr ions are substitutionally incorporated into ZnO.Atomic force microscopy(AFM) reveals that the films present a compact surface and root mean squared(RMS) roughness increased with Cr contents.The optical band gap energy Eg of the films has been determined using Transmission data by spectrophotometer and ellipsometry.The band gap energy found to be decreased with increasing Cr doping concentration.The optical constants(refractive index,extinction coefficient) are calculated using ellipsometry and found to increase with Cr doping concentration.     

Improvement of corrosion performance of 316L stainless steel via PVTMS/henna thin film

Metallic materials are the most used materials as orthopedic or dental implants due to their excellent mechanical properties. However they are not able to create a natural bonding with the mineralized bone and occasionally suffer localized corrosion. This work describes the electrochemical behavior of a hybrid sol–gel thin film with the addition of green inhibitor. These films enhance the ability of the implant to make a union with the existing bone and improve its resistance to aggressive environment. An ethanol solution of the polymerized vinyltrimethoxysilane (PVTMS) was mixed with an aqueous solution of henna extract (Lawsonia inermis) and refluxed to give homogeneous sols. Nanostructure hybrid PVTMS/henna thin films were deposited on the stainless steel 316L by spin-coating. The morphology, composition and adhesion of hybrid sol–gel coatings have been examined by SEM, EDX and pull-off test, respectively. Addition of high additive concentrations (0.1%) did not disorganize the sol–gel network. Direct pull-off test recorded a mean coating-substrate bonding strength larger than 20.6 MPa for the hybrid sol–gel coating. The effect of henna extract, with various added concentrations from 0.012% to 0.1%, on the anticorrosion properties of sol–gel films have been characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization tests in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution and has been compared to the bare metal. Henna extract additions (0.05%) have significantly increased the corrosion protection of the sol–gel thin film to higher than 90%. The in vitro bioactivity of prepared films indicates that hydroxyapatite nuclei can form and grow on the surface of the doped sol–gel thin films. The present study shows that due to their excellent anticorrosion properties, bioactivity and bonding strength to substrate, doped sol–gel thin films are practical hybrid films in biomedical applications.     

论南宋发展的三种新式筒形火器

火药和火器均发明于中国,然而10世纪中国所制早期火药硝石含量低,且制成膏状,不能成为发射剂,因此早期火器借手动机械力发射。11-12世纪南宋成功制成高硝固体火药,并首次用于制造小型烟火。宋金交战时,固体火药和烟火用于改进老式火器,结果南宋初出现某些新型火器,如1128年制造的铳炮、1138年制出的火枪或喷火枪,是后来一切筒形火器的祖先。作为铳炮和火枪的杂交产物,1259年突火枪出现。这三种武器的出现引起南宋以来火器史中的第二次技术革命,具有重大意义和深远影响。     

《尔雅·释言》“骓”字考

传统注疏多将"菼,骓也"释读为用实体特征解释实体本身,即以"白色"义训释菼类植物。这种释读过于牵强,通过推断"骓、鵻、萑、蓷"几个字之间的关系,认为这个词条应为"菼,鵻也"。同时,《尔雅》编纂者在编辑这一词条时,混淆了"萑"字所记录的"菼类植物"、"益母草"两个词,训释错误。     

MBEKHTA''''S子空间与CI算子

利用两个子空间H0(A)和K(A)取代了传统的N(A)和R(A),给出一个有界线性算子A是CI算子的两个充分条件和三个判定条件,同时借助于这些结果及CI算子的定义来判断一些常见的有界线性算子是不是CI算子。     

"仁、义、礼、智、信"乃构建和谐社会之精髓

坚持科学发展观与构建和谐社会的目标并行不悖;无论是物质生产还是精神生产,都不能违背自然或社会发展过程的一般规律。原始儒家尤其是其创始人孔子于《论语》中所提及的学术思想,至今仍然有着建构社会和谐秩序的实践意蕴。这对于增强民族文化的凝聚力有着明显的作用。     

N-异丙基丙烯酰胺共聚和互穿聚合物网络温敏凝胶的溶胀与释药性能

制备了不同配比的P(NIPAm-co-AAm)共聚水凝胶和PAAc/P(NIPAm-co-AAm)互穿聚合物网络(IPN)水凝胶,研究了其溶胀与释药性能.结果表明:该共聚水凝胶具有热缩温敏性,而该IPN水凝胶具有热胀温敏性.随AAm含量的增加,该共聚水凝胶溶胀比减小,温敏性减弱,释药率减小;与此相反,随AAm含量的增加,该IPN水凝胶溶胀比增大,温敏性增强,释药率增大.     

Microbial desulfurization of fuel oil

Culture conditions of desulfurization microbes were investigated with a bioreactor controlled by computer.Factors such as pH, choice of carbon source, optimal concentrations of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur sources were determined. The addition of carbon in a culture with a constant pH greatly improved the growth of Rhodococcus. Cells and cell debris from microbes rested using a sulfur- specific pathway were used to desulfurize diesel oil treated by hydrodesulfurization (acquired from the Research Institute of Fushun Petroleum with total sulfur level at 205 μg/mL).Strains 1awq, IG, X7B, ZT, ZCR, and a mixture of No. 5 and No. 6, were used in the biodesulfurization process. The reduction of total sulfur was between 10.6% and 90.3%.     

半胱胺对鹅生长内分泌的影响

探讨了半胱胺(CS)对成年鹅血浆中生长抑素(SS)、生长激素(GH)和胰岛素样生长因子-I(IGF-I)的影响和调节机理.14只装有翅静脉瘘管的成年杂交鹅(川白×太湖),自身对照.试验期于日粮中一次性添喂半胱胺(100mg/kg,按体重计),自由采食和饮水.采取对照期和处理后第1、3、5、7d的血样,用RIA双抗法测定其中激素的含量.结果表明,试验期SS较对照期(1.89±0.10)μg/L分别降低了41.18%(P<0.01)、26.74%(P<0.01)、37.43%(P<0.01)和17.11%(P<0.05);试验期第1、3、5和7d的GH较对照期(0.55±0.15)μg/L显著(P<0.01)升高,分别为34.55%、78.18%、65.45%和54.55%;试验期的IGF-I较对照期(25.29±4.91)μg/L分别升高了7.28%、59.07%(P<0.01)、22.41%(P<0.05)和1.38%.因此,CS能够降低成年鹅血液中SS含量,使GH和IGF-I水平升高,从而调节鹅的神经内分泌,促进生长.     

Pathway-based analysis for genome-wide association studies of schizophrenia to provide new insight in schizophrenia study

Schizophrenia (SZ) is an inheritable complex mental disease. There have been several genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of SZ to identify novel genetic susceptibility factors. To further interpret SZ GWASs, pathway-based analysis (PBA), which considers the combined effect of variants and identifies pathways associated with traits, provides a feasible solution to discover the biological function and mechanism of SZ. Furthermore, to investigate the common pathways between SZ and bipolar disorder (BD) wil...     

增强型全速率语音编码的原理及实现

在无线通信系统中，语音压缩编码起着非常重要的作用，因为它在很大程度上决定着合成话音的质量和系统容量。为了提高话音质量，GSM提出了增强型全速率（EFR）语音编码方案。它在LPC声码器的基础上，采用了A－B，S和VQ等技术，编码信息中既包含若干语音特征参量又包括部分波形编码信息。因此，能提供高质量的编码，且比特速率压缩到12.2kbps,为TD－SCDMA移动通令系统提供了一咎可行的语音编码方式。笔者从语音编码的基本概念出发，详细地介绍了EFR语音编码的原理及代数码本搜索实现技术。     

多数据通道高速互连背板平台的设计和实现

为了给软件无线电的研究提供一个测试平台，设计实现了一个多数据通道高速互连背板平台．背板平台包括传输母板、时钟分配板和数据通道交换板，并提供ADC，DDC，DSP，DUC和DAC单板接口．通过采用高性能芯片和合理的高速设计方法，实现了背板平台良好的传输误码率和时钟晃动性能以及多个数据通道的自定义总线形式．