温度对活性炭纤维吸附苯酚的热力学和动力学性能的影响

实验考察不同温度下活性炭纤维(ACFs)对苯酚的静态吸附性能,利用Langmuir、Redlich-Peterson吸附等温模型和准二级动力学模型计算苯酚在ACFs上的动力学和热力学性能。结果表明:Redlich-Peterson吸附等温模型和准二级动力学模型能较好地描述吸附性能;升高温度,ACFs的最大吸附容量Q max减小,动力学吸附速率常数K2变大,吸附过程的吉布斯自由能ΔG的绝对值减小,吸附过程的焓变ΔH、熵变ΔS和吸附活化能E a分别为-10.2 kJ/mol、-23.6 J/(mol·K)和55.2 kJ/mol,吸附过程为物理吸附。     

榛子壳活性炭的制备及其对苯酚溶液吸附性能的研究

以榛子壳为原料、氯化锌为活化剂制备活性炭,并以苯酚为被吸附质,探究活性炭对苯酚的吸附性能.通过设计3因素3水平的正交实验,获得了最佳工艺条件.研究了在不同的吸附时间、pH值、温度等条件下活性炭对苯酚的吸附效果,并对吸附过程进行了动力学和热力学研究.结果表明:活性炭对苯酚的吸附过程符合伪二级吸附动力学方程,低温和酸性条件下更有利于吸附;吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,ΔG0和ΔH0,表明该吸附过程是自发的放热过程.     

活性炭自水溶液吸附苯酚的热力学探讨

研究了活性炭自水溶液吸附苯酚的吸附规律和机理，对不同吸附温度和溶液pH值下吸附常数和热力学函数进行了估算，结果表明：活性炭自水溶液吸附苯酚符合Langmuir模型；低温度低pH值下苯酚被吸附的量大，熵增效应小，而高温度高pH值下苯酚被吸附的量小，熵增效应大，整个吸附过程中熵增效应随吸附量的增加而减少。     

ZrO2-颗粒活性炭对4-氯酚废水吸附的热力学和动力学研究

研究了修饰活性炭对4-氯酚的静态吸附过程,并对吸附热力学及动力学进行了分析。实验结果表明:ZrO2-颗粒活性炭对水中4-氯酚的吸附量随着初始浓度的增加而增大,吸附4h后达到吸附平衡;其吸附等温线可用Freundlich模型描述,吸附过程符合Makay二级吸附动力学方程。在不同温度下,ZrO_2-颗粒活性炭对4-氯酚的吸附熵变ΔS大于零,说明该过程是一个熵增的过程;其焓变ΔH、吸附吉布斯自由能变ΔG均为负值,说明4-氯酚在ZrO_2-颗粒活性炭上的吸附是一个自发、放热的过程,为物理吸附,非单分子层吸附。     

活性炭纤维吸附酚类化合物的影响因素

研究了酚类化合物在活性炭纤维上的吸附作用及其影响因素.苯酚在活性炭纤维上的吸附符合Freundlich等温式.升高温度时,苯酚吸附量降低;在pH＝5.9时,苯酚吸附量达到最大值;氧促使苯酚与活性炭纤维表面的官能团发生氧化聚合反应,增大了苯酚吸附量;苯环上的取代基及其位置也影响吸附,吸电子基增加吸附量,给电子基降低吸附量;溶解度也影响酚类化合物的吸附作用.     

粒状活性炭对水中双酚A吸附性能的研究

研究了粒状活性炭(GAC)对水环境中内分泌干扰物双酚A(BPA)的吸附动力学和热力学特性,分别讨论了温度、溶液pH以及背景离子的存在等因素对整个吸附过程的影响。研究结果表明:在吸附开始阶段,不同质量的活性炭吸附速率均较大,约3 h达到吸附平衡。吸附量随着温度的升高而减小;当pH≥10时,吸附量随着双酚A的电离而减小;背景离子的存在使得吸附量下降。活性炭对双酚A的吸附过程遵循二级动力学方程。用Langmuir方程可以比较好的对吸附等温线进行拟合;对吸附热力学研究表明:ΔH0,说明吸附为放热过程;ΔG0,说明双酚A倾向于从溶液中吸附到活性炭表面,反应过程是自发进行的;ΔS0,说明吸附过程对溶液体系属于熵减小的过程,活性炭对双酚A的吸附比解吸强烈。     

废轮胎活性炭对水中低浓度苯酚的吸附动力学特性

为了去除水中残留的低浓度苯酚,采用水蒸气活化法制备废轮胎活性炭,分析了废轮胎活性炭自水溶液吸附低浓度苯酚的吸附动力学特性,考察了吸附剂投加量和苯酚初始浓度对吸附过程的影响。分别采用拟一级反应、拟二级反应和颗粒内扩散反应模型对不同温度下的反应动力学数据进行拟合。研究结果表明：拟二级反应动力学模型能够较好地描述废轮胎活性炭吸附低浓度苯酚的动力学数据,颗粒内扩散影响吸附速率,但不是唯一的速率控制步骤,计算得到的表观吸附活化能表明,该吸附过程以物理吸附为主,废轮胎活性炭用量为0.3 g/L时,苯酚浓度小于2 μg/L。     

NKA大孔吸附树脂对甘草酸三铵盐吸附的动力学和热力学研究

本文通过静态吸附实验,研究了NKA大孔吸附树脂吸附甘草酸三铵盐过程的吸附动力学和吸附热力学特征,以期为甘草酸大孔吸附树脂分离提纯提供理论支持。实验采用紫外可见分光光度法测定了吸附动力学曲线和不同温度时的吸附等温线,用拟二级动力学方程很好地描述了吸附动力学过程,使用Langmuir方程较好地拟合了等温吸附热力学过程。实验结果显示:NKA大孔吸附树脂对甘草酸三铵盐吸附焓变ΔH吸附和熵变ΔS吸附为正值,自由能变ΔG为负值,吸附活化能为Ea=36.01kJ/mol;该吸附过程是自发的吸热过程,属于物理吸附范畴。     

活性炭纤维吸附苯酚影响因素的研究

用活性炭纤维(ACF)对溶液中苯酚进行吸附处理,考察了ACF用量、苯酚的初始浓度、pH、含盐量和温度对吸附效果的影响.实验结果表明,随着ACF用量的增加,苯酚的去除率升高,但吸附容量也逐渐降低,实验选用ACF用量为0.2 g;苯酚溶液初始浓度越高,ACF的吸附容量越大;pH为3时,ACF吸附苯酚的效果最好;随着苯酚溶液中含盐的量增加,苯酚的去除率呈现逐渐下降的趋势;温度越高,ACF的吸附容量越小.     

铜基改性活性炭吸附争化黄磷尾气中的PH3

采用浸渍法制备铜基改性活性炭吸附净化磷化氢气体,主要考察活性组分、氧含量、吸附温度、空速对磷化氢吸附穿透曲线的影响,并研究磷化氢在铜基改性活性炭上的动力学过程.研究结果表明:经过含有Cu,Fe和Ce物质的量比为20.0:1.0:0.4的混合改性液负载后,Cu-Fe-Ce/AC对PH3的吸附容量最大可达62 mg/g;铜基改性活性炭的最佳反应条件为:吸附温度70℃,氧含量(体积分数)3%,空速3 000 h-1.在最佳反应条件下,铜基改性活性炭对磷化氢净化效率为100%时的最大累积处理气量可达0.055 m3/g;磷化氢在Cu-Fe-Ce/AC吸附剂上的平均活化能为30.9 kJ/mol,为-0.2级反应;随着吸附容量的增大,吸附活性位逐渐减少,从而使吸附速率减小.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with