具有自清洁性质铜网的制备与表征

采用简单的化学镀方法在铜网表面镀上了一层谷穗状的微-纳米银涂层,然后通过硬脂酸改性得到了具有自清洁性能的超疏水铜网.采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和能量色散X射线光谱仪(EDX)分析镀层的化学成分,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测铜网的表面形貌,接触角测量仪(OCA)测量铜网的水接触角.研究了镀膜时间对铜网表面形貌和水接触角的影响,通过参数优化成功制得了水接触角为154.5°,滚动角为3°的超疏水铜网,并对该铜网的自清洁性能进行了测试.     

银粉活化镀铜、界面结构与性能

将经硅烷偶联剂KH-560改性后的银粉均匀涂覆到预固化的环氧树脂表面,银粉经过处理后可作为活性中心活化化学镀铜,得到致密、导电性高、结合力强的铜镀层。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FT-IR）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线测厚仪、能谱仪（EDS）、电阻测试仪等手段系统研究了KH-560改性后银粉的化学态、化学可镀性、银粉界面层的结构与厚度、镀层与树脂之间的结合力以及镀层的导电性,结果表明：KH-560可以成功改性银粉,银粉表面的硅烷偶联剂膜会影响银催化镀铜的效果,但可以通过水解去除偶联剂膜从而暴露出银粉达到催化化学镀铜的目的。当KH-560用量（占银粉质量分数）为4%时,镀层与树脂之间的结合力最大为2.27 MPa,较未用KH-560改性银粉镀层的结合力提升了25.4%;铜镀层均匀致密,电导率约为3.15×10⁷ S/m。     

射频等离子法石墨纤维碳纸的表征

把一种射频等离子(RF-Plasma)石墨纤维制备成用作燃料电池扩散层材料的碳纸.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等技术,对该碳纸的纤维微结构及表面形貌进行了表征.测试了该自制碳纸及日本东丽公司碳纸的导电性与透气性,并对二者进行了比较,以探索该新型碳纸替代进口碳纸的可能性.     

无皂乳液聚合改性硅铝氧烷 溶胶粒子的分散稳定性

用硅酸钠、硝酸铝、2-甲基丙烯酸合成了硅铝氧烷溶胶,在该溶胶存在下进行甲基丙烯酸甲酯的无皂乳液聚合,制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)改性硅铝氧烷溶胶粒子. 红外光谱测试表征了PMMA复合硅铝氧烷溶胶的结构. 采用透射电镜(TEM)技术、电泳实验对改性粒子的胶囊化效果进行了表征. 透光率比较结果表明,改性后粒子的分散稳定性有了很大的提高.     

铝锆偶联剂的合成及对纳米TiO2的表面改性

以聚合氯化铝(PAC)、氧氯化锆和己二酸等为原料合成了带有羧基功能基的铝锆偶联剂.借助傅里叶红外光谱、热重分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和粒度分布等测试方法对铝锆偶联剂及改性前后的纳米TiO2进行表征.对铝锆偶联剂表征的结果表明:己二酸分子中的一个羧基同时与铝和锆原子中心相连,另一羧基则作为偶联剂的功能基得以保留;铝锆偶联剂分子中无机部分所占比例高达71%.对利用铝锆偶联剂进行表面改性得到的纳米TiO2表征发现:铝锆偶联剂在纳米TiO2表面形成化学吸附,但此吸附并未对纳米TiO2的晶型产生影响;改性后的纳米TiO2在水中的分散性显著提高.     

化学镀非晶态Ni-P及Ni-Sn-P镀层在弱酸性介质中耐蚀性研究

以紫铜为基体,采用化学镀制备了非晶态Ni-P,Ni-Sn-P镀层.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱(EDS)等对镀层的结构、微观形貌及元素组成进行分析.通过Tafel极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、开路电位监测及室内加速腐蚀试验,研究两种镀层在pH=5.5,w_(NaCl)=3.5%,以及pH=5.5,wS=20%的土壤介质中的耐蚀性能.结果表明,化学镀非晶态Ni-P及Ni-Sn-P镀层的自腐蚀电流密度是裸铜的4.5%和1.2%,两种镀层在酸性腐蚀介质中具有比金属铜更好的耐蚀性,并且化学镀Ni-Sn-P镀层耐蚀性优于Ni-P镀层.两种镀层的自腐蚀电位均负于铜.     

苯基官能化MCM-48介孔材料的制备和表征

以正硅酸乙脂为硅源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为结构模板剂,苯基三甲氧基硅烷为偶联剂,用共水解缩聚一步合成了苯基官能化的介孔二氧化硅(C6H5-MCM-48)材料.用小角X射线衍射(SAXRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TGA)和N2吸附-脱附对材料进行了表征.结果表明,苯基已成功键合至孔道表面形成了无机/有机介孔复合体材料,且具有MCM-48的孔道结构特征,改性后的C6H5-MCM-48较纯硅MCM-48材料具有较窄的孔径分布,较大的孔体积和较高的比表面积.     

三种偶联剂改性CaCO3的影响因素及效果评定

采用3种偶联剂分别对碳酸钙进行表面改性,分析改性碳酸钙活化指数的影响因素,通过SEM分析和沉降体积的测试,评定3种偶联剂的改性效果.结果表明,钛酸酯偶联剂KH101改性碳酸钙最佳反应条件为,反应温度80℃,反应时间70 min,m(偶联剂)∶m(碳酸钙)为0.03,环己酮用量为碳酸钙的5倍;硅烷偶联剂KH570、KH151改性碳酸钙最佳反应条件为,反应温度70℃,反应时间70 min,m(偶联剂)∶m(碳酸钙)为0.03,环己酮用量为碳酸钙的5倍.用KH151、KH570两种硅烷偶联剂改性后的碳酸钙团聚现象仍比较严重,用KH101钛酸酯偶联剂改性后的碳酸钙团聚现象得到明显改善.     

非刻蚀无钯活化化学镀铜Kevlar纤维的制备工艺及性能

表面预处理是制备高性能Kevlar纤维的关键技术.应用一种新颖的"非刻蚀无钯活化"预处理工艺和以二甲氨基硼烷作为还原剂的化学镀铜体系制备了镀铜Kevlar纤维.采用X射线光电子能谱仪(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS)、X射线衍射仪(X-raydiffraction, XRD)和高分辨扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)分析不同处理阶段Kevlar纤维的化学组成、晶态结构和表面形貌,并对镀铜Kevlar纤维的结合强度、电学性能、力学性能和热稳定性能进行测试.结果表明,通过此新工艺制备的铜层致密平整,且与基体结合力强,并具有较好的导电性、力学性能和热稳定性能.     

超声促进钛酸酯偶联剂与CaCO3表面相互作用研究

使用改性剂对重钙表面进行改性是增强其表面的亲油性,改善它在有机高聚物中的相容性和分散性,以获得更好性能的高聚物重钙复合材料.采用异丙醇溶解的改性剂钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ -311分别在超声与搅拌下对超细重质CaCO3进行湿法表面改性,测试了改性重钙活化指数和它在液体石蜡中的分散稳定性.用红外光谱(IR)、X-射线光电子能谱...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with