广东深圳大鹏湾的桡足类腹刺纺锤水蚤对链状亚历山大藻摄食的研究

在不同条件下，大鹏湾浮游动物优势种腹刺纺锤水蚤对链状亚历山大藻的摄食实验表明，摄食率随饵料浓度的增加而增大，而当达到最大值后，饵料浓度继续增加，摄食率反而下降，温度为１５℃、２０℃、２５℃时，最大摄食率亦随温度增高而增大，且温度高时在低饵料浓度情况下即可达到最大摄食率，链状亚历山大藻虽能发先，但影响腹刺纺锤水蚤摄食的主要是光照的长短，在由链状亚历山大藻和亚心形扁藻组成的混合饵料中，腹刺纺锤水蚤偏食后者，它对二者的理论摄食模型为：ｙ＝１２７０７．６８－２９０７３ｘ＋０．０００１８０５５ｘ￣２（ｒ＝０．９９８９）（ｙ为对链状亚历山大藻的摄食率，ｘ为亚心形扁藻浓度）。     

厦门港两种纺锤水蚤mtCOI序列比较研究

采用苯酚-氯仿法提取基因组DNA,以相应引物经PCR扩增得到采自厦门港的刺尾纺锤水蚤(Acartia spinicauda)和太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)线粒体DNA细胞色素氧化酶I亚基基因(mtCOI)片段,经过连接、转化、扩大培养最后测序得到709 bp的有效片段.结果发现这两种纺锤水蚤的mtCOI序列差异为15.6%(共15个个体,刺尾纺锤水蚤7,太平洋纺锤水蚤8),达到种间的水平,证实了刺尾纺锤水蚤和太平洋纺锤水蚤为两个种,并确定了这两种过渡型的种类属性.依据本实验的结果,对传统的形态学分类方法进行改进,使其能够正确区分不同的过渡形态.     

厦门港西海域冬季微型浮游动物在碳循环中的作用

于2004年2月在厦门港宝珠屿利用稀释法和饵料浓度差减法培养实验,同步研究了微型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食压力和对一种优势桡足类瘦尾胸刺水蚤(C en tropages tenuirem isThompson et Scott)的饵料贡献.结果表明,微型浮游动物对浮游植物现存量的摄食压力为38%,对初级生产力的摄食压力为63%;瘦尾胸刺水蚤对微型浮游动物纤毛虫和对浮游植物的清滤率分别为3.08 mL.ind-1.h-1和0.31mL.ind-1.h-1,摄食率分别为0.44μg.ind-1.d-1和0.24μg.ind-1.d-1.纤毛虫对此种桡足类的饵料贡献比为65%~95%.由此可见,微型浮游动物在冬季厦门海域的海洋生态系统中,对浮游植物的生产和归宿起着十分重要的调控作用,在浮游植物和桡足类之间起着重要的营养连接作用.     

3种海洋浮游微藻影响太平洋纺锤水蚤存活、发育和繁殖的比较研究

采用实验生态的方法,研究了3种海洋浮游微藻对太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)存活、发育和繁殖的影响.实验以不同浓度的微藻投喂太平洋纺锤水蚤,测定了无节幼体发育到桡足幼体、桡足幼体发育到成体的时间和最终存活率,以及发育到成体后,在各浓度下,成体每天的产卵量和卵孵化率.结果表明:球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)、海洋原甲藻(Prorocentrum micans)适宜于作为太平洋纺锤水蚤生长、繁殖的饵料;摄食牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros mulleri)的太平洋纺锤水蚤可以完成无节幼体到成体的发育,但牟氏角毛藻对太平洋纺锤水蚤的生长、发育和繁殖具有一定的负面影响;牟氏角毛藻对太平洋纺锤水蚤产卵量和卵孵化的抑制作用更为显著,只有在低细胞碳质量浓度(0.35μg/mL)时,成体产卵量和卵的孵化才正常,当牟氏角毛藻细胞碳质量浓度达到1.70μg/mL或更高时,该桡足类的产卵量下降,且没有卵能孵化出幼体,表明牟氏角毛藻显著抑制了太平洋纺锤水蚤的繁殖过程.     

厦门几种海洋浮游桡足类的食性与饵料成分的初步研究

厦门10种常见浮游桡足类的食性可分为下列三类: 1.素食性:包括太平洋哲镖水蚤,小型拟哲镖水蚤,针刺拟哲镖水蚤,敏哲镖水蚤和尖宽镖水蚤.它们的饵料成分基本上反映了海区中浮游植物的种类组成情况,对饵料的选择性不大.素食者的口部附肢具有发达的刚毛,其摆动产生了捕食涡流。第二小颚伸向前方,共羽状刚毛形成密微的过渡纲,大颚咀嚼缘齿较多。呈臼齿状,具发达的硅质齿冠,用以磨碎硅藻的外壳. 2.肉食性:包括精致真刺镖水蚤和特氏歪镖水蚤.主要捕食小型桡足类.但饵料成份有显著两性差异.肉食者口部附肢的刚毛较少.第二小颚或颚足强壮,具长刺,是强有力的捕食器官,大颚缘齿少,尖锐,呈犬齿状,且无齿冠.但雄性真刺镖水蚤几不捕食,口部附肢退化. 3. 杂食性:这类动物又可分为二群:(1)以素食性为主的有瘦尾刺镖水蚤和太平洋纺锤镖水蚤.它们也以硅藻为主要饵料,但含较多的碎屑.共口部附肢兼备素、肉食性的特点.如大颚齿部分有齿冠.但较尖锐.第二小颚基肢是过滤器.内肢刚毛稍呈爪状,以适捕食.(2)以肉食性为主的真刺髻角镖水蛋的饵料成分有季节变化.它的口部附肢和歪镖水蚤较为相似,但第二小颚基肢是过滤器. 桡足类粪块长度随饵料成分而不同,素食者的粪块最长,杂食者次之,肉食者最短.饵料不同,粪块颜色也有差异。     

虾塘浮游动物种类的调查

于1997年3月至1998年6月期间,在广东省珠海、深圳和廉江龙营围等地方的虾塘进行浮游动物种类的调查．结果表明在虾塘浮游动物的优势种类有小长腹剑水蚤(Oithonanana)、双齿许水蚤(Schmackeria duia)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus crassirostris)、捷氏歪水(Tortanus derjugini)、琉球咸水剑水蚤(Halicyclops royi)、刺尾纺锤水蚤(Acartia spinicauda)、海洋伪镖水蚤(Pseudoiaptomus marinus)、壶状臂尾轮虫(Brachionus urceus)、多毛类幼体(Polychaetalarva)、短尾类幼体(Brachyuralarva)和各种桡足类的幼体(Copepoda larva)．浮游动物的非优势种类有圆囊箭虫(Sagitta jabarensis pathansalis)、肥胖箭虫(Sagitta enflata)、模式有瓜猛水蚤(Onycholamptus mobammed)、孔雀唇角水蚤(Labiadocera dubia)、驼背隆哲水蚤(Acrocalausgibber)、短角异剑水蚤(Apocyclops royi)和左突唇角水蚤(Labidocera sinilobata)等种类．属于甲壳类动物的猛水蚤例如模式有瓜猛水蚤,由于以虾塘动物尸体为食,则有可能因摄食患白斑病死亡的对虾而感染上白斑综合症病毒(white spot syndrome virus,WSSV),成为WSSV的自然宿主．     

硅藻对不同生态习性桡足类抗氧化相关基因表达的影响

采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术比较3种不同生态习性的桡足类摄食不同浓度的2种硅藻牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)和小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closteriumf.minutissima)后,其2种抗氧化相关基因锰超氧化物歧化酶(MnSOD)和谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)表达水平的变化情况.所用桡足类分别为哲水蚤类的太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)、安氏伪镖水蚤(Pseudodiaptomus annandalei)和猛水蚤类的日本虎斑猛水蚤(Tigriopus japonicas).结果显示:低浓度的硅藻对太平洋纺锤水蚤和安氏伪镖水蚤中MnSOD和GST基因的表达水平表现出显著的诱导效应,高浓度的硅藻则表现出抑制效应;而不论是低浓度还是高浓度的硅藻均能诱导日本虎斑猛水蚤中MnSOD和GST基因的表达.这表明不同类别的桡足类对硅藻的分子响应存在物种特异性.为评估哲水蚤桡足类对硅藻的影响是否具有适应能力,进而将哲水蚤类的安氏伪镖水蚤在摄食上述2种硅藻条件下连续培养4个世代,并对其每个世代中MnSOD基因的表达水平进行分析.结果显示:牟氏角毛藻饲喂的安氏伪镖水蚤中,第4个世代的MnSOD基因表达水平显著高于第1个世代;而小新月菱形藻饲喂的安氏伪镖水蚤中,后3个世代的MnSOD基因表达水平均显著高于第1个世代.由此推测安氏伪镖水蚤可以对2种硅藻产生遗传适应,并且适应机制可能不同.     

真刺唇角水蚤产卵率的饵料效应和自然种群繁殖特征

在1986年4月至1987年8月间研究了厦门港真刺唇角水蚤(Labidcceracuchaeta Giesbrecht)的生殖率。结果表明,恒温(20℃)时,相对产卵率(Fe,％C■/d)与饵料密度(P,μgC/ml)成正相关,Fe=0.1732(P-0.0179)/P,总产卵效率(以C计)约为62％,与饵料密度和摄食率无关,产卵雌体百分数终年处于较高水平,平均69％,且与现场产卵率一样呈季节变化,真刺唇均水蚤在厦门港终年持续繁殖,夏季当繁殖盛季,冬季为淡季,根据种群平均产卵率高峰数■断一年有10个■代。     

真刺唇角水蚤摄食率的季节变化

研究了厦门港真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta)成体在5个实验温度下(10℃,15℃,20℃,25℃和 30℃)个体摄食率(I)和相对摄食率(R)的季节变化及其影响因素。雌、雄两性成体I的年平均变化范围分别为:4.8～30.2和2.9一13.9μgC/cop·d;R 则分别为6.87～40.17和 3.02～33.33％DW/d。I和 R均有显著的季节变化,而且都同时受到海区水温、实验温度(t,℃)和体重(DW,μg)的交互影响。厦门港真刺唇角水蚤成体的摄食模型为I=0.540 t+0.070 DW-8.506(r=0.690,n=250)。     

几种环境因子对太平洋哲镖水蚤清滤率和摄食率的影响

本文用放射性同位素~(32)P和~(35)S标志饵料生物——中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)来研究几种环境因子(饵料密度、饵料‘年龄’(藻龄)、温度、光度)对太平洋哲镖水蚤(Calanus paci-ficus)清滤率和摄食率的影响.研究结果表明:(1)清滤率在高密度(>3.O×10~4个细胞/毫升)饵料溶液中,几乎随饵料密度的增高而按比例地下降;但在低密度饵料溶液中,清滤率虽有所提高,但绝对摄食量却是下降的.(2)哲镖水蚤对骨条藻的吸收率是很高的,通常为50—90％(平均80％左右),吸收率与藻龄有密切关系:当以生长良好的骨条藻(培养3—4天的藻液)为饵料,吸收率达80％以上;但以‘衰老’的藻液(培养6—7天)为饵料时,吸收率仅50％左右.(3)在10—20℃范围内,摄食率随温度上升而增加.超过20℃以后,摄食率即下降.(4)摄食率在黑暗中最高.在室内人工光照下,摄食率随光照强度的增加而下降.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with