QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定蔬菜中16种磺胺类药物

为了准确测定蔬菜中16种磺胺类(磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺-6-甲氧嘧啶、磺胺苯吡唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺甲氧哒嗪、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶、磺胺吡啶、磺胺邻二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺噻唑、磺胺甲基异噁唑、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺氯哒嗪、磺胺二甲异噁唑、磺胺甲噻二唑、磺胺醋酰)药物残留,建立了液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。试样经超声提取,Kinetex C_(18)(2.1 mm×100 mm,2.6μm)色谱柱分离后进行HPLC/MS/MS多反应检测模式下的定性及定量分析。16种磺胺类药物的方法检出限为0.05μg/kg～0.5μg/kg,在0.1～100μg/L范围内呈线性,目标物线性相关系数(R~2)均大于0.9990,在低、中、高三个添加水平范围内的平均回收率为80.1%～102.5%,相对标准偏差均小于9.6%。该方法快速、简便,适用于蔬菜中磺胺类药物的测定。     

水中磺胺类抗生素的光降解及富里酸对其光降解的影响

磺胺类抗生素是水环境中广泛存在的抗菌药物,光化学降解是其消减的重要途径.通过对两种磺胺类抗生素磺胺二甲基嘧啶和磺胺甲噁唑的光化学降解动力学研究,考察了其在纯水中的自敏化光降解过程以及溶解性有机物富里酸对其光化学降解的影响.结果表明,这两种磺胺类抗生素在纯水中的光化学降解反应均符合准一级动力学,但两者的自敏化光化学降解机理不同.水环境中富里酸浓度的大小会对其光化学降解产生重要影响:对于磺胺二甲基嘧啶,水中富里酸浓度较高(20,50,100mg/L)时会促进它的光降解,浓度较低时(2mg/L)不利于其光降解;对于磺胺甲噁唑,低浓度富里酸(0.2,2mg/L)会促进其光降解,高浓度富里酸(20,50,100mg/L)则抑制其光降解.     

磺胺类药物Co（Ⅱ）、Fe（Ⅱ）配合物的合成及表征

利用磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲噁唑为初始原料合成磺胺嘧啶的Co(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅱ)配合物和磺胺甲噁唑的Co(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅱ)配合物.并通过红外光谱和元素分析时产物的结构进行了表征和确认.合成过程中,磺胺嘧啶和磺胺甲噁唑的Co(Ⅱ)配合物均分别选用水和甲醇作反应溶剂,得到成键模式相同的不同配合物;磺胺嘧啶和磺胺甲噁唑的Fe(Ⅱ)配合物则选用了水作反应溶剂得到产物.     

N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶活力的影响

研究几种抗菌药物对凡纳滨对虾壳膜N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAGase,EC 3.2.1.52)活力的影响.结果表明,诺氟沙星和磺胺甲噁唑对该酶活力有不同程度的抑制作用,盐酸环丙沙星对此酶有激活作用,而青霉素钾、链霉素、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、磺胺嘧啶等对酶活力基本上没有影响;磺胺甲噁唑的抑制作用最为显著,导致酶活力下降50%的抑制剂浓度(IC50)为0.094 mg/mL.抑制作用动力学研究结果表明,磺胺甲噁唑对酶的抑制作用为混合型可逆抑制,其抑制常数KI为5.98 mg/mL,对酶-底物络合物的抑制常数KIS为13.08 mg/mL.该研究对凡纳滨对虾的人工养殖具有一定的参考价值.     

热带观赏鱼虎头鲨细菌性败血病的诊断与治疗

阐述了热带观赏鱼虎头鲨细菌性败血病的诊断与治疗,通过治疗试验,说明由复方磺胺甲噁唑、甲氧苄胺嘧啶两种药物组合治疗的治愈效果最佳。     

HPCE法测定复方磺胺甲(口恶)唑片中磺胺甲(口恶)唑和甲氧苄啶的含量

采用高效毛细管电泳法(HPCE)测定复方磺胺甲(口恶)唑片中磺胺甲(口恶)唑和甲氧苄啶的含量.运行电压20kV,运行缓冲液为25mml/L硼砂缓冲液(pH值8.5),压力进样5s,检测波长205nm.结果表明,该方法能够成功分离磺胺甲(口恶)唑和甲氧苄啶,磺胺甲(口恶)唑和甲氧苄啶的线性范围分别为25～200μg/ml和5～40μg/ml,相关系数分别为0.9995和0.9991,平均回收率分别为99.5%(RSD=2%)和97.6%(RSD=2%).本方法简便、快速、灵敏,为复方磺胺甲(口恶)唑片含量测定提供了一种新的分析方法.     

抗菌增效剂:甲氧苄氨嘧啶

甲氧苄氨嘧啶简称 TMP,是一种广谱抗菌药,其抗菌谱与磺胺嘧啶类似.但对链球菌及大多数革兰氏阴性杆菌的抗菌作用比磺胺嘧啶强。对耐 SD(磺胺嘧啶),SMZ(磺胺甲基异恶唑)的菌株也有显著的抗菌作用。它与磺胺药联合应用如 SMZ、SD、SMD(磺胺甲氧嘧啶)、SMPZ(磺胺—3—甲氧吡嗪)等,可阻断细菌的叶酸代谢,使磺胺类的抑菌作     

环渤海水域磺胺类药物的含量特征

为确认环渤海水域中抗生素的污染情况,对渤海各主要河流入海处的磺胺类抗生素含量状况进行调查.采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对14种磺胺类药物进行分析,外标法定量.经检测得出磺胺类化合物的质量浓度∶磺胺醋酰(SAAM)为2.1~4.4 ng/L,磺胺嘧啶(SDZ)为5.7~12.9 ng/L,磺胺甲基异唑(SMZ)为3.6~13.0 ng/L,磺胺噻唑(STZ)为9.2~32.2 ng/L,磺胺甲噻唑(SMTZ)为5.3~6.2 ng/L,磺胺氯哒嗪(SCP)为2.2 ng/L,磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶(SDM)为2.7~2.9 ng/L.检测结果表明,城市生活污水排放是环渤海水域磺胺类污染物的主要来源,对环境微生态系统已造成严重影响.     

污泥龄对活性污泥处理微量磺胺类药物的影响

为了研究污泥龄对活性污泥系统处理微量磺胺类药物（5 μg/L）的影响,共运行了4个试验室规模（3L）的序批式活性污泥反应器（SBR）,其污泥龄分别为2、8、14、20 d。批次摇瓶试验通过设置3个工况（正常运行,加入生物抑制剂,无微生物）来讨论在1个运行周期（8 h）中对浓度惟5 μg/L磺胺甲恶唑的吸附作用、生物降解作用和挥发损失。试验结果显示对磺胺甲恶唑的总去除量为2.14 ± 0.60 μg/g SS,吸附作用占总去除量的63%;磺胺嘧啶为1.14 ± 0.63 μg/g SS,83%;磺胺间二甲氧为2.33± 0.67 μg/g SS, 35%;磺胺甲基嘧啶为2.45 ± 0.85 μg/g SS,55%;磺胺类药物的去除效果与污泥的污泥龄有着非常显著的关系（p<0.02）。通过运行加入磺胺甲恶唑（进水5 μg/L)的反应器60 d,4个反应器对磺胺甲恶唑的平均去除率分别为10%、41%、51%、58%,处理效果随着污泥龄的增加而变好,同时单位污泥去除率随着污泥龄的增加而降低,SRT=2 d的反应器由于存在大量的丝状菌,使得单位污泥对磺胺甲恶唑去除率大大高于其他3个反应器。通过分子生物学分析,发现微生物群落结构的变化不大,从而说明了影响磺胺类药物处理效果的主要因素在于更强的吸附能力,更高的污泥浓度。     

磺胺甲噁唑分子印迹传感器的制备与表征

以磺胺甲噁唑为模板分子,邻氨基苯酚为功能单体,制备了具有磺胺甲噁唑分子空穴的印迹修饰电极.该电极对磺胺甲噁唑有选择性响应和电催化氧化作用,以此印迹修饰电极为传感器,进行微分脉冲伏安法扫描,磺胺甲噁唑的氧化峰电流与其浓度在1.00×10~(-6)~1.00×10~(-4) mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为5.00×10~(-7) mol/L.采用循环伏安法和交流阻抗技术对传感器进行表征,结果表明:印迹效率为35.4%,磺胺甲噁唑与邻氨基苯酚的结合位点数为6.采用光谱法研究了功能单体与模板分子的相互作用,表明二者之间存在能量转移.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.