烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

基于颜色的206个星系的星族年龄与金属丰度研究

 基于颜色分别采用单星星族模型和双星星族模型对206个星系的年龄和金属丰度进行了确定,并将2种结果和Gallazzi等人用谱指数得到的结果进行了比较.结果表明:样本星系的年龄比较老,金属丰度比较高;使用双星星族模型拟合得到的星族年龄和金属丰度比单星星族的偏大;使用颜色拟合得到的星族年龄比谱指数的偏小,金属丰度偏大.     

衢州珍稀濒危植物区系的研究

调查统计表明,衢州共有野生珍稀濒危植物22种,隶属12科19属,其中国家1级保护植物3种,2级保护植物19种.衢州珍稀濒危植物区系具有种类丰富、过渡性强、成分特有及起源古老等特征.还探讨了它们与邻近地区珍稀植物区系的关系.     

桃金娘科9属21种木材的比较解剖

用光镜和扫描电镜比较了桃金娘科（Ｍｙｒｔａｃｅａｅ）９属２１种木材的解剖结构。结果表明：多数种木材生长轮不明显,几乎都为散孔材,木材分子非叠生,导管分子单穿孔板,管间纹孔具附物,胞间道和管状分子壁螺纹加厚壁缺如,少数种有分膈纤维。２亚科间木材结构有明显差异,桃金娘亚科（Ｍｙｒｔｏｉｄｅａｅ）木材结构较细籽亚科（Ｌｅｐ－ｔｏｓｐｅｒｍｏｉｄｅａｅ）原始。     

重庆万州区珍稀濒危植物的研究和保护

据调查统计，重庆万州区国家级珍稀濒危植物18种，隶属13科18属，其中蕨类1种，裸子植物3种，被子植物14种，从它们的生存现状看，有2个濒危种，9个稀有种，7个渐危种，本文论述了万州珍稀濒危植物的种类与分布状况，并在分析珍稀濒危植物致濒机理和保护现状的基础上提出了相应的对策。     

圆形贮液池弯矩分配传递无限次的闭合解

该文对由顶板、底板和圆柱形池壁组成的圆形贮液池在轴对称荷载作用下进行内力分析，池壁上、下端的圆周视为弹性嵌圆结点，用圆柱壳理论计算池壁的固端弯矩，用薄板弯曲理论计算顶板和底板的固端弯矩，从而求得上、下2个结点的不平衡力矩，然后用弯矩分配法对结点的不平衡力矩进行无数次分配传递，求得无数次分配弯矩和传递弯矩之和，得闭合解。文中给出了算例。     

飞斜纹和破斜纹设计算法及其装饰效应开发

现在,利用微型计算机辅助织物组织设计,其优越性越来越被众人理解。在织物组织中,飞斜纹组织和上下坡长不相等的破斜纹是两种装饰效果好、上机图简单的两类组织。作者探讨了设计这两种组织的关键问题:经纱循环数与组织参数之间的关系,即如何由组织参数求经纱数,得出了2个公式。在此基础上,对这2种组织设计的算法进行了研究。最后又以这2种组织为基础。讨论了具有极强装饰效果的派生组织。指出借助微机进行这种派生设计,具有极强的优越性。     

网湖湿地自然保护区鸟类初步研究

2003年-2004年对湖北阳新网湖湿地自然保护区鸟类资源进行了调查，共记录到鸟类173种，隶属于15目38科．对鸟类的区系组成、居留型及重点保护鸟类进行研究，发现当地有繁殖鸟类104种（夏候鸟42种、留鸟62种），非繁殖鸟类69种（冬候鸟51种、旅鸟18种）；古北种88种，东洋种62种，广布种23种；国家重点保护野生动物31种（其中，国家Ⅰ级保护动物3种，国家Ⅱ级的有28种），有湖北省重点保护鸟类47种，被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》的鸟类有30种，被列入《中国濒危动物红皮书》的鸟类有12种．对鸟类的保护提出了存在的问题和建议．     

嵊泗列岛岩相潮间带底栖生物种类组成及区系特点

１９９３年４月至１９９４年１月，对嵊泗列岛岩相潮间带底栖生物进行调查。对该区域内的生物种类及区系特点做了概述与分析     

鄂西南国家重点保护植物名录及特点分析

经调查鄂西南有国家重点保护野生植物４８种（包括栽培１０种）,其中一级１１种（包括栽培４种）,二级３７种（包括栽培６种）;国家珍稀濒危保护植物５６种（包括栽培１０种）,其中一级３种,二级２２种（包括栽培５种）,三级３１种（包括栽培５种）。对其名录特点,分布特点和利用价值进行了分析。     

中国东部地区常见水生植物种类及其园林应用

对水资源比较充足的中国东部地区进行了常见水生植物种类及园林应用的调查和整理.结果表明:中国东部地区常见水生植物约30科46属59种,其中,挺水植物应用最普遍,约36种,浮叶植物、漂浮植物、沉水植物各8种、7种、8种;水生植物的园林应用形式多样,多片植、丛植,用于观赏或净化水体;在应用中也存在许多不足.基于现状,提出了相关建议,希望对滨水区今后的水体景观构建有所帮助.