混合光谱分解实验研究

混合光谱分解研究对提高遥感识别地物信息精度具有重要意义.实验室模拟混合光谱分解模型可以作为遥感影像混合像元分解的基础,为地物分类提供经验模型和理论依据.对土壤-植被混合模型进行实验室模拟,对原始光谱反射率进行一阶微分、对数、去连续统变换,运用特征波段法和相似系数法拟合回归方程,并对比模型精度.结果表明基于对数变换数据的...     

基于环境一号HSI高光谱数据提取叶绿素a浓度的混合光谱分解模型研究

随着遥感技术的应用推广以及对研究精度的要求提高,越来越多的研究注意到混合像元的问题。在水质遥感监测中传感器探测的水体辐射亮度值是纯水和各种水质参数辐射亮度值的叠加,混合像元问题严重影响了水质定量遥感反演的准确性。基于环境一号HSI高光谱数据,首先分析了混合光谱分解模型的物理基础,然后基于采样点浓度大小和PPI(纯净像元指数)方法在遥感影像上提取纯水和叶绿素a的端元波谱,并利用线性光谱分解方法得到叶绿素a的丰度值找丰度值与叶绿素a浓度值之间的统计关系,建立了叶绿素a浓度反演的混合光谱分解模型,且反演精度较高。本文为水质定量遥感提供了一种新的思路。     

基于迭代加权L1正则化的高光谱混合像元分解

为了提高高光谱图像混合像元分解的精度,对基于稀疏性的线性混合像元分解方法进行研究。采用一种迭代加权的L1正则化方法进行高光谱混合像元分解,给出相应的模型和算法。通过引入多步加权L1优化求解过程,且根据当前解修正下一步迭代的权值,能更好地利用混合像元丰度系数的稀疏性。试验结果表明,基于迭代加权L1正则化的高光谱混合像元分解精度比基于传统L1正则化的方法高,特别适用于信噪比较高的高光谱图像。     

一种基于高斯马尔可夫随机场模型的混合像元分解方法

传统的混合像元分解模型只考虑了光谱信息,而忽略了空间相关信息的利用.事实上遥感影像以及分解后获得的组分影像都具有空间自相关关系.本研究提出利用高斯马尔可夫随机场模型来描述组分空间相关的特性,构建一种综合利用影像光谱和空间信息的混合像元模型,以提高混合像元分解精度.利用模拟与真实的数据证实了本文方法的有效性,一定程度上能...     

基于实测光谱对喀斯特地区土地覆盖类型丰度提取

利用线性光谱模型对土地覆盖类型相对复杂的喀斯特地区进行混合像元分解。以贵州省镇宁县为研究区域,基于实测光谱信息,以Landsat TM8影像为信息源,选取裸土、裸岩、绿色植被、干枯植被为端元,利用线性分解模型提取地类覆盖信息,计算端元覆盖面积。通过对丰度图像的归一化植被指数(NDVI)值与TM8经过缨帽变换的NDVI值进行回归分析,验证端元选取精度,得到R2>0.85。研究表明:在喀斯特山区,利用实测光谱混合像元分解,有效提取植被、裸岩、裸土丰度,提高土地覆盖分类精度的方法是可行的。     

基于最小体积约束的非负矩阵分解模型的高光谱解混算法探究

高光谱遥感图像中,遥感影像的分类精度和地物识别会因混合像元的存在而受到影响,从而限制了遥感科学向定量化发展.基于最小体积约束的非负矩阵分解方法,不仅不需要假定纯像元的存在,而且在自动提取端元的同时获取对应的丰度图,这种非监督的光谱解混技术克服了传统方法的限制条件,为高光谱图像中混合像元问题的解决提供了新的思路和方法.     

基于混合像元分解的火星南极矿物制图研究

对火星高光谱遥感数据进行混合像元分解,有助于获取像元内部火星表面矿物含量。端元光谱提取和光谱解混是混合像元分解的关键技术。以ORB0942_2轨道覆盖的火星南极地区作为研究区,应用纯净像元指数法(PPI)从影像中提取出端元光谱,并利用线性分解模型对影像中混合像元进行了分解,计算出其各端元组分的百分含量,获得了研究区水冰、石膏、钙镁橄榄石及紫苏辉石的相对含量分布图。     

基于SAM遥感影像的分类技术研究

目的以混合像元提纯为突破口,研究遥感影像高分类精度的方法,以减少由于地物波谱的复杂性、传感器空间分辨率的局限性导致混合像元普遍存在而引起的影像信息不确定性和分类精度低指标性。方法利用光谱角（SAM）分类法,经过混合像元辨别和提纯、端元样区的定义等步骤,对影像进行分类。结果与传统最大似然分类法比较实验结果表明,SAM方法对地表覆盖比较复杂的零散地区遥感影像分类具有较高的精度。结论因选择合适的方法消除了混合像元,SAM是一种有效的遥感影像智能分类方法,对提高影像分类精度具有极为重要的实践意义。     

高光谱数据组分信息的盲分解方法

将基于独立成分分析（independent component analysis,ICA）技术的盲分解方法（blindsignalseparation,BSS）应用于遥感混合像元的定量分解,解决了幅度不确定性问题,实现了从高光谱数据中同时得到定量的组分光谱信息和组分权重信息。通过数值模拟实验提出了光谱反演区间的选择方法,进一步完善了该算法,且讨论了算法的稳健性。以陕西省横山县为试验区,从HYPERION高光谱影像中反演了各像元的植被覆盖度,并利用SPOT5影像进行了精度验证,结果表明该方法具有较高的精度。     

基于离散小波变换的高光谱特征提取中分解尺度的确定方法

近年来,小波变换被成功地运用于高光谱数据的特征提取.其中的关键环节之一是如何确定合适的分解尺度,以获得较高的分类精度.文中提出一种改进的基于相关系数的小波分解最佳尺度的确定方法.该方法首先对高光谱影像进行多尺度小波分解,提取特征图像,然后,计算各个尺度的小波近似系数与原始光谱信号之间的相关系数,根据相关系数的变化趋势确定最佳分解尺度.通过两个高光谱数据验证所提出的方法,并与现有方法进行对比.实验结果表明,所提出的方法可较准确地确定最佳的分解尺度.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.