抗HTNV单抗1A8鼠/人嵌合Fab抗体植物表达载体的构建

利用PCR方法,从含有1A8VLCκ基因或1A8Fd基因的重组质粒中扩增出1A8VLCκ基因及1A8Fd基因,并使基因两端携带合适的限制性酶切位点,将其克隆入植物表达载体pCAMBIA2301或pBIl21,构建1A8VLKCκ-pCAMBIA2301和1A8Fd-pBI121。用PCR方法改造酶切位点,继而将含有1A8Fd基因的植物表达框克隆入1A8VLCκ-pCAMBIA2301,构建获得1A8Fab-pCAMBIA2301重组质粒,并导入农杆菌GV3101。为进一步在植物中表达该抗体片段奠定了基础。     

抗汉坦病毒单链抗体双元载体的构建

利用PCR方法,从含有1A8 scFv基因的重组质粒中扩增出抗体基因,并使基因两端携带合适的限制性酶切位点。经多步连接将其克隆入植物表达载体pBI121或pCAMBIA1305．2。酶切结果证明1A8 scFv基因被成功克隆入植物表达载体pBI121及pCAMBIA1305．2,构建获得1A8 scFv-p BI121及1A8 scFv pCAMBI A1305．2重组质粒,并将其转入农杆菌GV3101。抗汉坦病毒mAb 1A 8scFv植物双元表达载体的获得,为进一步在植物中表达该抗体片段奠定了基础。     

大肠杆菌菌毛抗原K88与热稳定肠毒素ST融合基因植物表达载体的构建及其在烟草中的初步表达

利用DNA重组技术，将编码大肠杆菌黏附素蛋白K88与热稳定肠毒素ST的融合基因的序列片段克隆到植物表达载体pCANBIAl3O2中，成功地构建了植物重组表达质粒pCANBIA—K88-ST，并将其转化农杆菌EHAl05．利用农杆菌介导法转化烟草，并初步获得转化体。为K88-ST基因的进一步研究奠定了基础。     

甜味蛋白thaumatin表达载体的构建

将克隆在不同质粒上的thaumatin基因的两个片段连接起来，连接产物克隆到质粒pUC18上．测序结果表明，连接产物是一个完整的thaumatin cDNA基因．将此基因通过基因重组技术，克隆到植物表达载体pBI121中，构建了一个新的转化植物的表达载体-pBIl21-tha.     

布鲁菌保护性抗原基因植物表达载体的构建

根据genbank序列,参照植物偏性密码子,设计合成适合植物表达的布鲁菌rplL基因和omp31基因。将携带植物表达优化序列的rplL基因片段与pBI-121载体相连接构建重组植物表达载体pBI121-rplL;将omp31基因与相应酶切并携带植物表达特征序列的pMD19-T6载体连接获得重组质粒,之后酶切获得携带植物表达优化序列的omp31基因片段,将其克隆入pBI-121载体,从而构建出带有不同目的片段的重组植物表达载体,为下一步检测基因在植物中的表达奠定基础。     

转Bt杀虫蛋白基因植物及其抗虫性研究进展

利用遗传工程技术将苏云金杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓ ｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ Ｂｅｒｌｉｎｅｒ简称Ｂｔ）杀虫蛋白基因导入植物是近年来的研究热点,本文就Ｂｔ基因的转化及其在植物中的表达与抗虫效果、转Ｂｔ基因植物的产量及品质以及存在的风险与安全性等方面的研究进展作一综述．     

植物转基因技术（一）

植物转基因技术(gene transfer)也称遗传转化技术(genetic transformation),是植物基因工程的一个重要组成部分;它通常是指将依据人们一定的需要已经分离、克隆并组建成一定载体形式的外源基因,借助于物理、化学或生物的手段,转入受体植物细胞,实现在新背景下(如细胞、组织、整株水平)表达和遗传的过程。它不仅为基因的表达调控和遗传的研究提供了一个理想的实验体系,更重要的是为植物,尤其是农作物的定向改良和分子育种提供了一个有效的途     

浅谈CBF转录激活因子

利用植物分子生物技术来提高植物的抗寒、抗旱和耐盐能力是近几年研究的热点。而导入能调节许多抗寒相关基因COR的转录激活因子基因,则是一个新的思路。     

抗汉滩病毒单抗3G1 scFv植物表达载体的构建

利用PCR方法，从含有3G1 scFv基因的重组质粒中扩增出抗体基因，并使基因两端携带合适的限制性酶切位点．将其克隆人植物表达载体pBI121，构建获得3G1 scFv-pBI121重组质粒．酶切鉴定及测序结果均证明重组质粒构建成功，将重组植物表达载体转入农杆菌LBA4404，为进一步构建转基因植物的研究奠定了基础．     

抗体药物的植物反应器生产

大量的重组抗体被用于疾病的预防、诊断和治疗．目前．这些重组抗体绝大多数是利用鼠源细胞生产的．它的缺点是有潜在的隐患和价格昂贵．然而．植物作为反应器生产抗体药物既具有安全性又可大规模廉价生产的特点．具有广阔的前景．     

Research advances in genetic engineering of plantibody

The combination of engineering antibody and plant biotechnology creates the plantibody. It has been reported that the engineering antibodies expressed in plant, no matter whether they are intact or small-molecular antibodies, keep their antigen-binding specificity, which means they are functional. This trait makes plantibody notable. Now the researches are focused mainly on the following three aspects: (i) Therapeutic antibody in clinic. It is expected to offer the opportunity of large-scale antibody procluction in agriculture systems, for the purpose of decreasing the cost greatly. Moreover, the property of multiple sexual hybridization between plants can be used to produce bior multi-functional antibodies and create new antibody medicines. (ii) Plant physiology. Engineering antibodies against plant hormones or some active materials can block their activities in plant, so the trait of plantibody could be used to study the growth and development of plant. (iii) Plant disease-resistance. The gene of antibody against plant virus can be transferred into plant to defend the intrusion of virus in order to cure the disease.     

Production of antibodies in transgenic plants

Complementary DNAs derived from a mouse hybridoma messenger RNA were used to transform tobacco leaf segments followed by regeneration of mature plants. Plants expressing single gamma or kappa immunoglobulin chains were crossed to yield progeny in which both chains were expressed simultaneously. A functional antibody accumulated to 1.3% of total leaf protein in plants expressing full-length cDNAs containing leader sequences. Specific binding of the antigen recognized by these antibodies was similar to the hybridoma-derived antibody. Transformants having gamma- or kappa-chain cDNAs without leader sequences gave poor expression of the proteins. The increased abundance of both gamma- and kappa-chains in transformants expressing assembled gamma-kappa complexes was not reflected in increased mRNA levels. The results demonstrate that production of immunoglobulins and assembly of functional antibodies occurs very efficiently in tobacco. Assembly of subunits by sexual cross might be a generally applicable method for expression of heterologous multimers in plants.     

基于抗体的小麦赤霉病抗性研究进展

 由镰刀菌引起的小麦赤霉病,不仅降低产量和品质,所形成的真菌毒素还会影响食品安全。植物缺乏高抗小麦赤霉病的资源,因此从动物中筛选、分离抗病抗体及其基因,可为培育植物抗病品种提供新种质,也拓展了开发研究新抗源的渠道。抗病抗体能特异靶向真菌蛋白、抑制抗原的功能;抗体与抗菌肽和顺式表达调控元件结合,使病菌能诱导抗体融合蛋白在镰刀菌侵染小麦的颖壳高效表达,从而有效抑制病菌侵入、扩展及毒素积累。本文综述抗病抗体的抗原类型、抗病抗体及其融合蛋白在体外和植物中的表达以功能、抗原基因结构与功能、抗体抗病机理的研究进展。     

Hybrid hybridomas and their use in immunohistochemistry

A normal antibody-producing cell only expresses one antibody, resulting in the well-known phenomenon of allelic exclusion. When two myeloma cells are fused, the derived hybrids are capable of co-dominantly expressing the antibody genes of both parents. Although the respective variable (V) and constant (C) region genes remain expressed in the same cis configuration, heavy and light chains of both parents are scrambled, and hybrid molecules are formed. The same is true when a myeloma and an antibody-producing cell are fused to produce a hybrid myeloma (hybridoma). Fusion therefore allows the production of hybrid immunoglobulin molecules containing two different combining sites. Hybrid molecules of this type retain antigen-binding activity and specificity. Bispecific monoclonal antibodies secreted by hybridomas may have a variety of uses in biology and in medicine. Here we have focused on their application in histochemistry. As an example, we have prepared and tested an anti-somatostatin-anti-peroxidase bispecific antibody. This way of producing hybrid molecules is superior to the production of hybrid antibodies by chemical reconstitution methods because the drastic treatment required for chain separation in the latter is likely to lead to some protein denaturation and loss of antibody activity. Intracellularly synthesized and assembled hybrids do not suffer from this disadvantage. In addition, the recombination of heavy and light chains from different antibody molecules is likely to lead to considerable waste.     

Phage antibodies: filamentous phage displaying antibody variable domains

New ways of making antibodies have recently been demonstrated using gene technology. Immunoglobulin variable (V) genes are amplified from hybridomas or B cells using the polymerase chain reaction, and cloned into expression vectors. Soluble antibody fragments secreted from bacteria are then screened for binding activities. Screening of V genes would, however, be revolutionized if they could be expressed on the surface of bacteriophage. Phage carrying V genes that encode binding activities could then be selected directly with antigen. Here we show that complete antibody V domains can be displayed on the surface of fd bacteriophage, that the phage bind specifically to antigen and that rare phage (one in a million) can be isolated after affinity chromatography.     

害虫对转基因植物抗性进化的计算机模拟

采用人工生命的方法，定量模拟了不同条件下害虫对转基因植物抗性性的进化速度。结果显示只转入植物一个毒性基因常使害虫在短时间内产生抗性，若转３－４个不会产生交互抗性的毒性基因则可大大推迟到或阻止抗性的产生。     

Construction of a new plant expression vector containing two insect resistant genes and its expression in transgenic tobacco plants

A new plant expression vector (pBS29K-BA) containing two insect resistant genes, a synthetic chimeric gene BtS29K encoding the activated insecticidal protein Cry1Ac and a gene API-BA encoding the arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia L.) proteinase inhibitor (API) A and B, is constructed. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing these two genes are obtained through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tobacco leaf discs. The average expression levels of Cry1Ac and API-BA proteins in transgenic plants are of 3.2 μg and 4.9 μg per gram fresh leaf respectively. The results of insecticidal assay of transgenic plants indicate that the pBS29K-BA transformed plants are more resistant to insect damage than the plants expressing the Cry1Ac gene or API-BA gene alone.     

Novel developmental specificity in the nervous system of transgenic animals expressing growth hormone fusion genes

The development of methods for introducing foreign genes into the germ line of mice provides an approach for studying mechanisms underlying inducible and developmental gene regulation. Transgenic animals expressing foreign genes have thus been used to test models of the role played by specific DNA sequences in determining cell-specific expression. Results from these experiments suggest that tissue-specific expression is the consequence of a cis-acting regulatory sequence. However, these results do not exclude the possibility that cell-specific expression of some genes might be 'coded' by combinations of regulatory elements. We have previously described the production of transgenic mice from eggs microinjected with metallothionein-I/growth hormone (MGH) fusion genes, and now demonstrate that the juxtaposition of sequences from two different genes can be deciphered by cells to generate novel tissue specificities. Although expression of the endogenous metallothionein and growth hormone genes has not been detected in neuronal cells, transgenic mice clearly express an MGH fusion gene in a restricted subset of neurones. These results suggest a model in which tissue-specific patterns of expression of certain genes are determined by combinations of cis-acting regulatory sequences.     

Functional and molecular organisation of an antigen-specific suppressor factor from a T-cell hybridoma

Thymus-dependent (T) lymphocytes have been shown to have antigen specificity. The antigen receptor on T lymphocytes, in contrast to that on B lymphocytes, does not appear to be of the conventional immunoglobulin (Ig) type. Studies on the antigen-specific factors derived from helper and suppressor T cells (Ts) demonstrated that they possess determinants with antigen binding affinity and products of genes in the H-2 complex (MHC). Furthermore, antibodies against the variable region of Ig heavy chains or idiotypes have been shown to react with T-cell antigen receptors as well as antigen-specific helper and suppressor T-cell factors (TsF). It is, therefore, conceivable that at least two gene products are involved in the structural entity of these receptors: one each coded for by genes in either. To establish the molecular nature of the recognition component of T cells we have used homogeneous TsF from a T-cell hybridoma with a specific function. We report here that the antigen binding and I-J coded molecules on TsF are independently synthesised in the cytoplasm, and are secreted as an associated form of the two molecules; this association is required for antigen-specific suppression of antibody response.     

A glycophospholipid anchor is required for Qa-2-mediated T cell activation

A number of lymphocyte surface proteins are anchored in the cell membrane by glycophosphatidyl inositol (known as GPI) linkages instead of hydrophobic protein domains. Treatment of mouse T lymphocytes with antibodies specific for two such proteins, Thy-1 and Ly-6, are known to induce proliferation. We have found that antibodies specific for Qa-2, a GPI-anchored class I histocompatibility antigen, can also activate mouse T cells. To determine whether the GPI-anchor is important for this pathway of cell activation, we produced transgenic mice expressing either normal GPI-anchored Qa-2, or Qa-2 molecules with a membrane-spanning protein domain derived from H-2. Our studies show that only lymphocytes from transgenic mice carrying GPI-anchored forms of Qa-2 can be activated in vitro by Qa-2-specific antibodies. We also show that transgenic mouse T cells expressing a GPI-anchored form of H-2Db can be activated by anti-H-2Db antibodies. These results strongly indicate that the GPI-anchor is critical for this pathway of T cell activation.