颌骨重建手术机器人定位精度分析与误差补偿

为提高颌骨重建机器人的精度,借助于—台可以实现绝对坐标测量的高精度光学定位跟踪仪,对机器人系统的定位精度进行了误差分析与补偿研究.针对结构参数和运动变量误差,采用修正的运动学模型,进一步真实地反映了机器人的实际结构参数;对齿轮传动误差和间隙引起的关节回转误差通过实验进行了修正,有效提高了关节传动精度;对零位定位误差,通过机器人逆运动学反解出关节转角,并进行误差补偿,提高了定位基准的精度.实验结果表明上述方法可有效提高颌骨重建机器人的定位精度.      

基于单维拉线测量系统的码垛机器人定位误差分析及运动学标定

以四自由度码垛机器人为研究对象,基于单维拉线测量系统对该机器人的运动学标定方法进行了研究.采用环路增量法构造了码垛机器人平行四连杆的误差模型,并建立了带关节变量比例系数的运动学误差模型,从而对关节传动误差进行补偿.通过对影响机器人末端位置精度的几何误差参数进行敏感性分析,将几何误差源简化为11项,可有效提高辨识效率.结合单维拉线测量系统的特点,建立了末端运动误差与几何误差源的映射关系,进而提出了一种基于距离测量的参数辨识模型.通过计算机仿真和标定试验对该方法的有效性进行了验证.试验结果表明,标定后码垛机器人位置误差3?值由11.73,mm减小至1.79,mm,运动精度提升84.7%,.     

工业机器人绝对定位误差的建模与补偿

为了提高机器人的绝对定位精度,建立了机器人绝对定位误差模型并进行了补偿方法研究.将定位误差分为几何参数误差与柔度误差,分别建立相应的误差模型.几何参数误差研究以MD-H(修正型D-H)运动模型为基础,对柔度误差的影响进行了解耦,并考虑了机器人基坐标系与测量坐标系的转换误差,提出了基于相对位置的几何参数误差模型.柔度误差研究针对机器人的构造特点,建立了针对关节2和3的误差模型,简化了计算模型.最后基于所建立的两种误差模型,提出了误差补偿方法,并采用该方法对机器人进行了实际补偿实验.结果表明,平均绝对定位精度由补偿前的1.173 mm降至补偿后的0.158 mm,说明文中方法可有效提高机器人的绝对定位精度,扩展机器人的应用范围.     

结合精度补偿的机器人优化手眼标定方法

为了解决制造现场机器人高精度视觉测量定位的问题提出了一种结合模型精度补偿的机器人方位与手眼关系同步标定方法。该方法首先将视觉系统与机器人之间的位姿关系即手眼关系以及标定板与机器人坐标系的空间转换关系作为待优化求解对象,用齐次坐标矩阵分别表示机器人运动学正解以及视觉系统与标定板之间的位姿关系,进而构建闭环的机器人手眼关系优化方程;然后,使用三维旋转群表示旋转矩阵,建立了标定模型方程,用非线性全局优化的方式同步得到标定方程中矩阵的旋转和平移初始解,采用最小化相机的重投影误差提高了标定精度;最后,使用机器人运动学标定设备提升了本体的模型精度,再进行视觉标定得到了更准确的标定结果。实验结果表明:该标定方法只需提前示教若干点即可自动完成,操作简易高效;在补偿了机器人本体的臂长和关节零位误差后,算法精度从0.15mm提升至0.10mm。与经典的手眼标定方法相比,所提方法在不同测试数据集下的标定精度和稳定性均最优。     

六自由度串联工业机器人运动学标定与实验研究

为了提高机器人的绝对定位精度,以RB08型六自由度串联工业机器人为研究对象,在修正Denavit-Hartenberg(D-H)运动学理论的基础上加入减速比和耦合系数建立新的运动学模型,通过机器人末端法兰盘中心的空间位置误差推导出机器人参数误差模型;运用Levenberg-Marquardt算法辨识出误差模型中的误差参数并补偿至机器人控制系统,利用激光跟踪仪设计标定实验,验证标定算法的可行性和准确性。结果表明,标定后机器人末端工具中心点的平均位置准确度提高了80.2%,平均距离准确度提高了74.55%。     

工业机器人几何参数标定综述

工业机器人几何参数误差是影响机器人作业精度的主要误差源,对其精确标定能够在不改变硬件设备前提下提高机器人绝对定位精度.在深入分析国内外有关几何参数标定方法基础上,根据测量方法的不同将机器人几何参数标定总结为外部测量标定法和自标定法两种.对外部测量标定法从建模、测量、参数辨识和误差补偿方面进行总结;对自标定法从基于空间约束和冗余传感器两个方面展开阐述.分析现有机器人几何参数标定方法存在的不足,提出面向新一代几何产品技术规范(GPS)的机器人几何参数标定发展方向.     

基于距离误差的机器人运动学标定

基于机器人的DH运动学模型,建立了机器人各坐标系间的齐次变换误差模型.为避免因轴线的微小偏差引起连杆距离的较大变动,利用修正的DH运动学模型,建立了平行关节的齐次变换误差模型;用空间两点间的距离误差衡量机器人的绝对定位精度,并结合所建立的齐次变换误差模型,推导了基于距离误差的运动学标定模型,距离误差的引入避免了坐标系的...     

基于感兴趣区域的机器人抓取系统

智能抓取机器人能够代替人类完成高强度工作,为实现物体的准确定位,提升机器人抓取的成功率,对基于感兴趣区域的机器人抓取系统进行研究。对深度相机进行标定,对深度卷积神经网络损失函数进行改进,使用焦点函数代替传统的交叉熵函数,训练模型,得到目标的类别、二维包络框中目标的像素坐标值与深度值等信息。利用手眼标定方法将深度传感器坐标转换到机械臂基坐标系下,依据相机成像原理完成物体的定位。通过机器人逆运动学求解关节角度,驱动机器人实现抓取。对实验过程进行分析,在aubo_i5机械臂上进行实验验证。实验结果表明,目标的识别定位误差较小,平均精度值提升了2.36%,抓取的平均成功率达到93.4%,较改进前提升了13.4%,能够满足机器人抓取的需求。     

工业机器人绝对定位误差补偿技术研究进展

 针对航空制造业中工业机器人存在实际位姿与理论位姿偏差的问题，分析了工业机器人绝对定位误差来源，解析其对飞机零部件连接性能产生的影响，在工业机器人绝对定位误差补偿原理和主要步骤分析基础上，阐述运动学建模、位姿测量、运动学参数误差辨识以及误差补偿等关键步骤对工业机器人绝对定位误差补偿的作用及重要性，对比分析了国内外学者在该步骤中涉及的主流算法和技术，归纳总结各步骤中存在的问题和可能的解决方案，探讨了工业机器人离线与在线误差补偿技术中的不足之处，指出工业机器人绝对定位误差补偿技术的发展趋势。     

冶炼机器人位姿标定及运行可靠性

对冶炼用CS-1双臂工业机器人现场使用中的位姿标定及运行可靠性进行了研究．提出了一种简便有效的现场标定计算模型和标定方法对机器人进行位姿标定,由标定变换矩阵补偿同一测点的实际值和计算值的误差,可同时减少机器人定位误差和由臂杆几何参数偏差所引起的运动误差,显著提高需进行连续路径控制的机器人的现场定位精度和位置跟踪精度．此外,提出了用增加机器人现有硬件的冗余功能和设置敏感器件的替代功能以提高机器人现场运行可靠性的方法．实践证明,该方法能提高恶劣环境下易失效部件的可靠度,进而提高机器人的整机使用性能     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.