低碳微量铌钢过冷奥氏体形变过程中的碳氮化物析出

利用透射电镜研究了低碳微量铌钢过冷奥氏体形变过程中的碳氮化物析出,运用Gladman晶粒粗化机制讨论了析出相颗粒的平均直径、体积分数和铁素体晶粒尺寸的关系.实验结果表明:实验用钢中的微量Nb在1 200℃时完全固溶,并在760℃变形前的冷却过程中无Nb(CN)析出.在形变过程中Nb(CN)的析出同样需要孕育期,但与等温过程相比大大提前.当变形量积累到一定值(本实验条件下ε=0.69)时,大量动态析出的Nb(CN)颗粒弥散分布在晶界以及位错线上.Nb(CN)析出随着应变量的增加而增加,但颗粒长大不明显,计算得到的铁素体晶粒平均截径与实际测得的铁素体晶粒吻合得较好.     

含Cu-Cr微合金钢650℃回火时第二相析出强化的研究

将含Cu-Cr微合金钢 930℃保温 30min淬火至室温，随后 650℃回火 10min~10h。利用光学显微镜（OM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）研究不同回火时间条件下，样品中组织演变和第二相析出行为。结果表明：回火过程中组织从马氏体和贝氏体逐渐向针状铁素体和多边形铁素体演变；硬度变化曲线上出现2个二次硬化峰值，分别为回火1h和4h是的硬化峰，前者是V和Mo的碳化物析出强化结果，后者是由富Cu相的析出强化所致，V和Mo的碳化物强化产生的硬度值增量大于富Cu相；Cr的碳化物在回火过程中析出长大速度较快，析出强化能力较弱。     

形变对板条马氏体回火组织的影响

对Q235级低碳钢板条马氏体在550 ℃多道次单向压缩变形后退火和室温大塑性变形轧制后在此温度退火的显微组织演变规律进行了对比研究,结合未变形板条马氏体在此温度的回火组织演变,讨论了变形对马氏体分解过程、铁素体再结晶晶粒尺寸和析出碳化物形貌的影响. 实验结果表明,变形显著影响马氏体分解过程,促进渗碳体的析出和铁素体回复及再结晶. 热变形组织铁素体再结晶晶粒尺寸在0.5 μm左右;渗碳体形貌从细棒状向球状转变,随变形量增大渗碳体尺寸增大,继续保温60 min导致铁素体晶粒长大到1 μm左右,晶粒内部的渗碳体消失,原先在铁素体晶界析出的渗碳体球化、粗化. 冷轧试样在550 ℃退火保温时间在30 min内得到0.3～0.4 μm超细晶粒和尺度小于150 nm的弥散渗碳体颗粒组织;随退火保温时间延长到60 min,铁素体再结晶晶粒长大到1.9 μm,渗碳体颗粒尺寸约160 nm.     

低碳微合金钢回火过程的组织演变规律

采用膨胀实验和差式扫描量热实验,结合SEM、TEM和显微硬度测试,研究了低碳微合金钢700L在回火过程中的组织演变规律。结果表明,700L钢回火过程包括5个阶段:渗碳体I的析出(50～200℃)、残余奥氏体的分解(200～300℃)、渗碳体II的析出(250～400℃)、合金碳化物的析出(450～580℃)和Mn的分配(580～650℃)。在2℃/min的升温速率下,钢中渗碳体析出、合金碳化物析出及Mn分配三个阶段存在明显的硬度改变,而且合金碳化物析出阶段试样的体积改变最显著,这可能是影响钢中残余应力演变的重要阶段。     

回火对Q460E低合金结构钢组织与性能的影响

研究了回火温度对正火Q460E低合金结构钢的力学性能与组织影响.结果表明,在200℃到500℃范围内回火,力学性能相对较为稳定且具有较高的强韧性,而且屈强比也比较低,回火温度升高到600℃,力学性能虽相对较低,但钢的强韧性要比GB/T1591-1994(国标)规定的要高.分析认为:600℃回火强韧性降低幅度相对大的原因主要是粒状贝氏体的分解,碳化物的析出长大球化且分布在条状铁素体边沿,犹如上贝氏体,以及碳化物在原奥氏体晶界分布.200℃回火能够获得较高的强度和突出的韧性.回火过程就是粒状贝氏体分解变化,碳化物析出长大球化过程.     

回火温度对Q960钢析出物组织特征的影响

利用透射电镜、能谱仪(EDX)及多功能内耗仪系统地研究了在相同成分、轧制工艺、淬火工艺和不同回火温度条件下Q960钢组织中析出物的形态、分布和组成,给出了回火温度对析出物组织特征的影响规律.结果显示:回火温度低于400℃时,马氏体内固溶碳量下降趋势较剧烈;回火温度高于400℃时,马氏体内固溶碳量下降非常缓慢.此外,大量细小且平行析出的θ--碳化物溶解并最终被沿马氏体板条界析出的Cr的碳化物代替.随着回火温度的升高,Nb、V和Ti的复合碳氮化物长大,形状也由方形向椭圆形演变.     

强磁场对高铬钢中碳化物低温回火析出的影响

借助透射电镜、维氏硬度仪及计算机模拟,研究了外加强磁场对高铬钢中碳化物低温回火析出的影响。结果表明,试验钢分别在无磁场及外加磁场强度为12T的条件下于200℃回火60min时均有M3C型碳化物析出;在外加磁场作用下,试验钢中析出的M3C型碳化物数密度相比无外加磁场作用时的相应值显著增加,但试验钢显微硬度未发生明显改变。     

965 MPa级低合金Cr-Mo-V钢调质工艺优化实验研究

采取正交实验、极差分析等方法对Cr-Mo-V钢调质965 MPa级进行实验,研究淬火及回火工艺对组织及力学性能的影响。实验结果表明:Cr-Mo-V钢经910 ℃淬火,660 ℃+120 min回火后力学性能和韧性匹配最佳;在实验钢的力学性能中,强度和延伸率的主要影响因素为回火温度,冲击韧性的主要影响因素为回火时间;在回火温度660 ℃+保温60 min时,碳化物开始析出,且碳化物的析出量随回火时间的增加而增加。由于在析出物中有许多细小弥散分布的碳化物,并且尺寸适中、圆整度高、均匀分布,减小了冲击时的应力集中,因此韧性得到提高;当回火时间到180 min,析出的碳化物开始聚集长大,韧性略有下降。     

低合金高强钢焊缝金属针状铁素体的高温回火性能研究

采用OM、SEM、EBSD、TEM等表征技术,并结合拉伸、冲击和硬度测试等手段,对低合金高强钢焊缝金属中针状铁素体经640℃高温回火前后的显微组织和力学性能进行研究,并借助热力学计算,探讨了针状铁素体回火组织稳定性的微观机制。结果表明,低合金高强度钢焊缝金属经不同时间高温回火后,组织均由体积分数约90%的针状铁素体和少量晶界铁素体构成,无明显的晶粒粗化现象,保持了针状铁素体基体的高位错密度。在回火1 h后,焊缝金属的强度和硬度显著提高;随着回火时间的延长,其强度和硬度略有下降,但整体仍维持在较高水平,这主要归因于短时回火(不超过2 h)期间,大量碳化物的析出产生了显著的析出强化作用;随着回火时间延长,析出物的类型和数量变化不大,这与热力学计算结果相吻合。     

均热时间对含Ti、Nb微合金元素高强钢固溶规律的影响

采用相分析和X射线衍射技术,研究了含Ti、Nb等微合金元素的高强钢中碳氮化物的溶解行为. 结果表明,加热到1 250 ℃,未均热时,主要是面心立方结构的Ti(CN)、(TiNb)(CN)、TiC析出相;均热时间为45 min,部分Ti和Nb继续溶解,析出相转为Ti(CN)、TiC为主,平均颗粒尺寸由300 nm增大为323 nm,此时Ti、Nb固溶已经达到平衡,固溶率分别为64.2%和85.8%. 当保温80 min时,析出相含量基本没有变化,但颗粒尺寸有所增加.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.