双酚A暴露致神经细胞凋亡和炎症性死亡的研究进展

双酚A(BPA)是生产聚碳酸酯和环氧树脂塑料的添加剂,具有内分泌干扰物效应。由于大量研究发现BPA具有神经毒性,其暴露对大脑神经功能及行为变化的影响受到越来越多的关注.研究发现,氧化应激常伴随着BPA诱导的神经细胞凋亡和炎症性死亡(焦亡)反应的发生,导致神经细胞形态和功能改变,是BPA暴露与神经系统疾病相关性的重要连接纽带.研究聚焦BPA暴露诱导神经细胞凋亡和炎症性死亡这一生理现象,对BPA暴露通过线粒体、内质网以及死亡受体通路信号上的细胞凋亡的分子作用机制的详细介绍,探讨了细胞凋亡、细胞焦亡之间的关系以及他们与神经系统疾病的潜在关系,指出BPA暴露诱导的神经细胞凋亡与炎性反应的分子机制尚需要大量的动物、靶向敲除实验以及人群实验加以验证.同时,应关注低剂量BPA暴露参与毒性通路或与其他毒性通路相互作用而加重复合污染物暴露的健康效应,为深入研究BPA暴露的神经毒性机制及其毒性干预提供参考.     

双酚A激活雌激素受体与NF-κB信号通路促HepG2增殖的作用研究

研究了双酚A(BPA)对肝癌细胞HepG2增殖的影响及其分子机制。通过MTT实验发现,在环境浓度BPA(1×10-8 mol/L)暴露下,人肝癌HepG2细胞增殖显著升高[(156±2.48)%]。Western blotting和实时定量PCR结果显示,环境浓度的BPA处理HepG2细胞24h,细胞中NF-κB以及其下游相关炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α的转录均明显上调。免疫荧光染色结果显示,BPA处理导致HepG2细胞内ROS显著上升;而ROS抑制剂NAC及雌激素受体抑制剂ICI 182 780均可有效抑制由BPA引起的细胞增殖和胞内p65上升。研究结果表明,BPA通过激活HepG2细胞中的雌激素受体诱导了细胞ROS的产生,随后引起细胞内炎症因子表达上调,促进细胞增殖。     

水环境中双酚A污染及其对鱼类的毒性研究进展

双酚A(bisphenol A, BPA) 是公认的环境内分泌干扰物, 广泛存在于水环境中, 并对水生态系统的安全造成潜在威胁. 结合BPA 污染和毒理学的相关研究成果, 综述了BPA 在不同水体中的污染现状, 及其对鱼类的内分泌干扰作用、生殖毒性、免疫毒性和发育神经毒性. 在此基础上, 进一步指出了研究BPA 的重要性和今后的研究
方向.     

双酚A替代物对雄性斑马鱼性激素及卵黄蛋白原水平的影响

双酚AF(BPAF)、双酚AP(BPAP)、双酚B(BPB)、双酚F(BPF)、双酚S(BPS)和双酚Z(BPZ)是几种常用的双酚A替代物。目前,这些替代物的毒理学数据还比较匮乏,难以评估其是否为安全的替代物,因此,有必要开展双酚A替代物的毒理效应研究。考虑到双酚A具有较强的内分泌干扰效应,而这些双酚A替代物也是否具有内分泌干扰效应是亟待解决的重要科学问题。基于此,选用雄性斑马鱼成鱼作为研究对象,在质量浓度为0、0.001、0.01、0.1和1 mg/L下暴露21 d后,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法分析了斑马鱼头尾匀浆液中性激素水平和卵黄蛋白原含量的变化情况。结果表明,与空白对照相比,这6种双酚A替代物能够导致睾酮(T)水平出现不同程度的显著性降低,17β-雌二醇(E2)出现不同程度的显著性升高;卵黄蛋白原(VTG)的含量也呈现显著性升高的趋势。根据这几种受试物对卵黄蛋白原诱导作用的最低可观察效应浓度(LOEC)值可以看出,双酚AF、双酚AP和双酚Z的雌激素效应强于双酚A,双酚B与双酚A处于同一等级,双酚F和双酚S相对较弱。本研究结果可作为双酚A替代物风险评价的依据。     

E2与BPA联合前后对ERK信号通路的诱导

研究雌二醇(E2)与双酚A(BPA)联合作用于乳腺癌MCF-7细胞后,对细胞内ERK信号转导通路的影响.运用Western blot法进行实验.测定增殖相关蛋白Ki67,观察到E2与BPA单独及联合后都能够诱导细胞增殖,发挥雌激素活性.通过对ERK蛋白和活化形式p-ERK蛋白的测定,E2及与BPA联合后的雌激素活性发挥...     

白藜芦醇对镉诱导HEK 293T细胞自噬与凋亡的影响

为了探究白藜芦醇与镉诱导人胚胎肾细胞293(HEK 293T)细胞自噬与凋亡之间的关系,本研究在已证明低浓度镉诱导细胞自噬,高浓度镉导致细胞凋亡的基础上,以HEK 293T细胞为研究对象,并分别与镉、白藜芦醇及各种抑制剂进行联合培养,利用免疫印记分析检测自噬标志蛋白LC3B-Ⅱ/Ⅰ、溶酶体标志蛋白cathepsin L...     

双酚A对鸡胚中枢免疫器官发育影响的形态学观察

为进一步研究双酚A(BPA)的毒性作用,本试验对9日龄AA鸡胚和SPF鸡胚尿囊腔注射双酚A,待鸡胚孵化至22日龄,取鸡胚法氏囊和胸腺进行下述各项指标测定和形态学观察。结果显示,与对照组相比较,试验组鸡胚孵出率显著降低,法氏囊指数明显变小(p<0.05);染毒组法氏囊淋巴滤泡个数显著少于对照组(p<0.01),胸腺皮质、髓质厚度极显著小于对照组(p<0.01);光镜观察发现,双酚A染毒组法氏囊淋巴滤泡和胸腺髓质中的髓细胞明显多于对照组,扫描电镜下可见细胞间隙明显增大,显现针孔样结构。研究结果表明,双酚A对AA鸡胚和SPF鸡胚中枢免疫器官有毒性作用,对鸡胚法氏囊和胸腺的发育有显著的抑制作用。     

双酚A类同系物的雌激素效应及对MCF-7细胞的毒性

双酚A(bisphenol A, BPA)及其类似物作为聚碳酸酯的主要合成原料, 一直是环境污染的重要问题, 其环境分布及人体暴露是当今科学研究的热点. 为评估环境中BPA 类物质的毒性效应, 采用MTT 比色法检测了7 种BPA 类同系物对人雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)缺失乳腺癌细胞MCF-7(ER–) 增殖活性的影响. 通过检测细胞乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)露出率评估了目标物对MCF-7 细胞膜的损伤, 结果表明, 在0.01～1.00 μmol/L 浓度范围内, 受试化合物对MCF-7 细胞的毒性较小, LDH 少量露出; 而在10 和100 μmol/L 浓度下, 细胞增殖受到显著抑制, 细胞膜通透性显著改变, LDH大量露出. 同时采用ER 基因双杂交酵母实验检验了这几种BPA 类同系物的雌激素效应大小, 通过Logistic 模型对曲线进行了拟合, 并以模型估算的半数透导活性(EC50) 评估了7 种BPA 类同系物的雌激素效应活性, 其大小依次为TDP>BPAF>4Cl-BPA>BPC>BPA>BPE>BPAP. 这说明其雌激素效应机制可能是通过和ER 结合而产生的.     

甘蓝型油菜基因BnRCH转染人HEK293A和Hela细胞的研究

本研究从植物基因在动物细胞异源表达的角度入手,采用外源基因稳定转染的方法,向人胚胎肾细胞HEK 293A和人宫颈癌细胞Hela导入了BnRCH基因,获得了HEK 293A和Hela细胞的稳定转染子.使用RTPCR、qPCR和Western blot等方法鉴定了获得的稳定转染子,确认了稳定转染子的成功建立.本研究一方面说明BnRCH虽然为植物基因,却仍然能够在动物细胞中正常表达;另一方面也为开展对BnRCH基因在动物细胞中的功能研究和应用开发建立了平台.同时,使用免疫细胞化学法和绿色荧光蛋白质     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂MS275对HIV潜伏细胞株激活效应的初步研究

组蛋白的去乙酰化是造成HIV潜伏感染的主要影响因素之一.目前,开发潜在的组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂用以清除HIV病毒潜伏库,是人们重要的研究方向.MS275是苯胺酸类的组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂,已经被批准应用于临床抗肿瘤实验,但其是否具有抗HIV潜伏治疗作用仍未见报道.本研究以HIV-1潜伏细胞株A7为模型,通过流式细胞技术检测MS275药物的不同浓度、作用时间对HIV-1潜伏诱导激活效率的影响;通过CCK-8方法检测药物对HEK293及Jurkat细胞的毒性作用.结果显示,MS275化合物对HIV-1潜伏细胞具有激活作用,并表现出剂量和时间效应关系;与SAHA相比,MS275对细胞毒性更低.本研究提示MS275有望成为抗HIV-1潜伏治疗的候选药物.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.