烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

氧化锌矿物浸出渣中铅、锶的提取及动力学分析

NH₄HCO₃ conversion followed by HCl leaching was performed and proven to be effective in extracting Pb and Sr from zinc extracted residual. The mechanism and operating conditions of NH₄HCO₃ conversion, including molar ratio of NH₄HCO₃ to zinc extracted residual, NH₄HCO₃ concentration, conversion temperature, conversion time, and stirring velocity, were discussed, and operating conditions were optimized by the orthogonal test. Experimental results indicate that NH₄HCO₃ conversion at temperatures ranging from 25 to 85°C follows the shrinking unreacted core model and is controlled by inner diffusion through the product layer. The extraction ratios of Pb and Sr under optimized conditions reached 85.15% and 87.08%, respectively. Moreover, the apparent activation energies of Pb and Sr were 13.85 and 13.67 kJ·mol?1, respectively.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

Sr2Mn2CuAs2O2的第一性原理计算研究

基于第一性原理计算,研究了3种不同结构的同组分物质Sr2Mn2CuAs2O2的电子能带结构及物质总能量,并探讨了Sr2Mn2CuAs2O2可能的最稳定结构.结果表明,3种不同结构的Sr2Mn2CuAs2O2材料均表现出金属性,且主要是具有Mn原子的层状结构起导电作用.其中同时含有CuO2层面与Mn2As2四面体层,并具...     

关于不定方程组{x~2-2y~2=1 2y~2-3z~2=4和{x~2-2y~2=1 2y~2-5z~2=7

对于不定方程组{x~2-2y~2=1 2y~2-3z~2=4和{x~2-2y~2=1 2y~2-5z~2=7证明了它们没有整数解.     

O_2-O_2,O_2-N_2和O-N_2分子相互作用势模型

利用Tang Toennies(TT)势模型,计算了O2-O2,O2-N2,和O-N2相互作用势,得到了重要的的相互作用势的参数Rm和ε,并在此基础上计算了O2-O2系统的输运系数.其结果与文献值符合较好,说明TT势模型对于计算氧分子系统是可行的.     

团簇Co2FeB2和CoFe2B2稳定性的研究

为深入了解非晶态Co-Fe-B合金的性质,本文从能量学视角,对团簇Co2FeB2和CoFe2B2各构型所占比例定量分析,探究其稳定性,发现团簇Co2FeB2的结合能和吉布斯自由能变化量随构型能量增加出现剧变点,临界能量约为463.061a.u,主要存在构型为能量低于临界值的两种戴帽三角锥和一种四角锥构型。团簇CoFe2B2的结合能和吉布斯自由能变不存在剧变点,有多种异构体共存。高Co含量的团簇有较小的结合能和吉布斯自由能变化量,稳定性弱,此结论符合相关文献报道。     

关于丢番图方程 2a+2b+2c＝x2

借助于丢翻图逼近中的一些深刻结束，得到了2^a 2^b 2^c为平方数的充要条件，即求出了丢翻图方程2^a 2^b 2^c=x^2的全部非负整数解，并得到若干有用的推论。     

环Z_2+uZ_2+u~2Z_2(u~3=1)上的2-D斜循环码

本文研究了环Z_2+uZ_2+u~2Z_2上的2-D斜循环码,对二元斜多项式的性质和因式分解进行了讨论。同时研究了线性码是2-D斜循环码的充要条件、2-D斜循环码的性质及其构造方法 。     

关于不定方程x~2+y~2+z~2=2w~2的解的研究

对不定式x~2+y~2+z~2=2w~2的非零整数解进行变换,找到了变换矩阵,并通过变换矩阵和若干个易求出的解,得到了该方程的若干组解。进而求出了一个古典刁番都方程组的若干组正整数解。     

CaO-TiO_2-SiO_2-NaAlO_2体系的反应行为研究

研究了Ca O-Ti O2-Si O2-Na Al O2体系下以锐钛矿为主的反应行为:热力学确定了平衡固相及其相对稳定程度;动力学计算反应级数、活化能,判断反应控制机制;钙化实验确定具体反应、分析了反应行为.结果表明Ca O-Ti O2-Si O2-Na Al O2体系的溶出反应行为如下:在质量比m(Ti O2)/m(Ca O)=1.42,m(Ti O2)/m(Si O2)=0.49,时间1 h,搅拌转速300 r/min,Na2O的质量浓度mk=220 g/L,分子比αk=3.1的条件下,Ti O2进入碱液生成Na2Ti O3,然后与Na Al(OH)4,Na2Si O3反应生成Al4Ti2Si O12,随温度升高Al4Ti2Si O12分解,生成钠硅渣和水化石榴石,温度继续升高,Ca Ti O3峰的强度逐渐超过其他物相成为钙化渣的主体,锐钛矿最终转型为稳定的Ca Ti O3,转变起始温度260℃.     

NiP2,Ni2P2,Ni 3P2,Ni4P2团簇的量子化学研究

根据化学键理论和非晶态结构的短程有序,设计了晶态团簇NNiP2,Ni2P2,Ni 3P2,Ni4P2的四种构型,并用DFT方法对他们的几何结构型进行高水平的量子化学计算.结果表明,模型体系中P原子供给Ni原子电子这与非晶态合金Ni81.5,5p18.5的实验结构一致,说明NiP2,Ni2P2,Ni 3P2,Ni4P2原子簇模型能反映非晶态Nig1.5 P18.5的结构特点.     

CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-FeO-CaF2-La2O3-Nb2O5-TiO2渣系的活度计算模型

根据熔渣结构的分子离子共存理论,建立了CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-FeO-CaF2-La2O3-Nb2O5-TiO2八元渣系的活度计算模型.利用该活度模型,计算和分析了此渣系中铌、稀土、钛相关组元的活度变化规律.实验结果表明,模型计算结果与实际测量值能较好吻合;在本实验渣系条件下,含铌组元主要为FeO·Nb2O5,含...