甘草中甘草酸的多级逆流提取技术研究

研究利用多级逆流技术提取甘草酸的新方法.采用正交试验考察提取温度、提取时间、级数和液固比对提取效率的影响,确定多级逆流提取甘草酸的最佳工艺条件;在优选出的最佳工艺条件下,考察了提取溶剂对提取率的影响,并与室温冷浸法、超声波法、索氏提取法和微波提取法做了比较.结果表明:多级逆流提取甘草酸的最佳条件为提取温度70℃,单级提取时间60 min,液比6,提取级数为5.在此最佳条件下,多级逆流提取的提取率高于室温冷浸44.3 h、超声波提取40 min、索氏提取4 h、微波萃取54 min的提取率.多级逆流提取具有快速、高效、节能、节约溶剂的特点,用于中草药有效成分的提取,值得推广应用.     

甘草酸的热回流提取工艺研究

采用热回流提取法,经过粉碎、热回流提取、浓缩、酸沉、过滤等实验过程从甘草中提取粗提甘草酸。以甘草酸的提取率为指标,通过正交实验设计考察乙醇浓度、NaHCO_3添加量、液料比、提取时间和提取温度对甘草酸提取率的影响。结果表明,甘草酸的最佳提取条件为:乙醇浓度60%、NaHCO_3添加量0. 4%、液料比15∶1、提取时间2. 5 h、提取温度60℃。在最佳条件下甘草酸的平均提取率为33. 27%。     

甘草中甘草酸的提取工艺研究

采用氨性醇提取法,经粉碎、抽提、过滤等工艺过程从甘草中提取甘草酸,并利用响应面试验设计考察提取温度、提取时间、氨水浓度、乙醇浓度4因素对甘草酸提取率的影响。结果表明,甘草酸的最佳提取条件是:提取温度为40.28℃,提取时间为5.84 h,氨水浓度为0.41%,乙醇浓度为16.78%。最优条件下粗甘草酸的提取率达到66.40%。     

响应面法优化盘龙参多酚微波辅助提取工艺

采用微波辅助提取法考察了乙醇质量分数、微波功率、微波作用时间、质量体积比以及温度对盘龙参多酚提取率的影响.用响应曲面法优化盘龙参多酚的提取工艺,并对优化结果进行方差分析.结果表明,以47%乙醇溶液为提取剂,在48℃下微波提取84 min,多酚提取率达0.551%.     

茶叶总黄酮类物质的微波辅助提取研究

采用微波辅助提取茶叶总黄酮类物质,通过单因素实验和正交实验,对影响微波辅助提取总黄酮提取率的因素进行探讨.结果表明:以80％乙醇为提取溶剂,最佳提取工艺条件为:A3B2C3,即微波功率648 W,微波提取时间为4 min,料液比为1∶45 (g/mL),测得茶叶总黄酮提取率为9.54 mg/g,各因素对总黄酮提取率的影响程度为提取功率＞提取时间＞料液比.     

超声波和微波辅助法提取茵陈总黄酮的条件研究

以70%乙醇为提取溶剂,分别用超声波和微波辅助法提取茵陈黄酮类化合物,以总黄酮提取率为考察指标,通过正交实验设计优选最佳工艺条件.结果表明:超声波辅助提取的最佳条件为提取时间60min、温度60℃、5g原料使用溶剂125mL、超声波功率200W;微波辅助提取的最佳条件为提取时间24 min、5g原料使用溶剂125mL、微波功率350W.最佳提取条件下,超声波辅助提取率(3.29%)略高于微波辅助提取率(3.09%),微波辅助提取法能明显节省提取时间.     

响应曲面法用于微波提取柠檬皮渣总黄酮研究

以60℃下烘干的柠檬皮渣为原料,通过响应曲面法设计微波提取柠檬皮渣总黄酮试验方案,考察了乙醇浓度、液料比和微波处理时间对提取率的影响,最终得出微波提取柠檬皮渣总黄酮的最佳工艺条件,即乙醇浓度为60%、液料比为30、微波处理时间为4min.在此条件下进行3次平行试验,结果表明柠檬皮渣总黄酮的提取率高,而且试验的重现性好,此时平均提取率为1.20%.     

不同方法提取新疆一枝蒿总黄酮工艺比较及研究

考察了新疆一枝蒿总黄酮的不同提取工艺,并采用正交法优化相应工艺.以提取率来衡量,回流法提取效果最好,黄酮提取率达到47.8 mg/g,其次是微波辅助提取法,黄酮提取率达到42.13 mg/g,再次为超声法,黄酮提取率达到38.89 mg/g;以提取效率来看则是微波方法最优,其次为超声提取,回流法效率最低.     

甘草中甘草酸提取方法的比较

为了研究甘草中甘草酸的提取方法及影响提取产率的因素,以新疆乌拉尔甘草的粗粉为原料,采用不同的提取溶剂,用微波法和超声波法从甘草中提取甘草酸,并对二者进行比较,结果表明,用超声波法提取,以质量分数为0.5%的氨性醇为提取溶剂,所得的甘草酸粗品产率最高,达到35.4%.超声波法比微波法用时长,但操作简单、无需高温、耗能少,更适合实验室中使用.     

微波辅助提取马铃薯粉渣中果胶工艺研究

以马铃薯粉渣为原料,研究微波辅助提取果胶工艺.对比了液料比、提取pH值、微波加热时间、微波功率和硫酸铝用量对果胶提取率的影响,确定优化提取方案.结果表明,优化的提取条件为:液料比15∶1,提取pH值为2,微波加热时间为5 min,微波功率0.4 kW,硫酸铝用量7 mL,果胶提取率为1.853 7%,比传统提取方法时间缩短、产率提高、大量节约溶剂.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.