由L-薄荷醇合成氯代薄荷醇的研究

以L-薄荷醇为原料,经氯代反应合成了新型凉味剂N-乙基-L-薄荷基甲酰胺制备的中间产物氯代薄荷醇.实验比较了不同氯化试剂、催化剂和反应介质中产品的收率,结果显示:反应体系对该氯化反应有较大的影响,在所考察的条件下,当以五氯化磷为氯化试剂、六水合三氯化铝为催化剂、四氢呋喃为溶剂时,产品的分离收率最高,达到90％.进一步的,对分离得到的产品进行了红外光谱以及折光率的测试和表征,表明通过简单的蒸馏过程即可以获得纯度较高的产品.     

凉味剂薄荷甘油醚的合成研究

以薄荷脑为起始原料,先与环氧氯丙烷在无水三氯化铝催化作用下,反应制得1-氯-3-薄荷氧基-2-丙醇,然后经酯化、水解反应获得凉味剂薄荷甘油醚.三步反应总得率为71.3%,产品经色质分析证明其结构与薄荷甘油醚相符.该合成方法原料价廉易得、反应得率高、适合工业化生产.     

柠檬酸钠的生产工艺

柠檬酸钠为白色结晶颗粒或粉末。它在食品加工中可作呈味剂,具有可口的凉成味;在医药工业中用作血液防凝剂、化痰药、利尿药等,也是注射液中的稳定剂;在合成洗涤剂工业中,它是微生物降解性和安全性最高的有机助洗剂,可与阴离子活性物复配使用;在无毒电镀工业中被用作缓冲剂和副络合剂;同时还可用于酿造、摄影药品等。     

凉味型卷烟中凉味剂和烟碱的测定

凉味型卷烟吸味清香、凉爽,具有特有的薄荷香气,有止咳、清凉作用。目前国内虽有几种牌号的薄荷香型卷烟,但由于系把薄荷醇（或薄荷酮）香料直接喷涂在烟丝上,吸味前几口清香浓郁,很快变得淡而无味,销路受到影响.笔者对国外凉味型卷烟     

驾驶室速凉剂

本发明提供一种成本低、生产工艺简单、致凉快、安全无毒并具有芳香味的驾驶室致凉剂及生产方法。 驾驶室速凉剂由致凉液和驱动剂两部分组成。致凉液中含水、酒精和食用香精等,驱动剂选用在常温常压下为气态、在几百kPa压力下为液态的无毒物质,如氟里昂、C_2～C_4的烷烃等。 本发明与气雾罐(见附图)配合使用。在气雾罐中先装     

复合金樱子保健饮料的研制

以金樱子、玉米须和西瓜皮为主要原料,研制出色、香、味俱佳的营养保健饮料。产品具有果香浓郁、清凉爽口、低糖低热的特点,更适于糖尿病人的饮用。以明胶作澄清剂,清除金樱子果汁中的多酚物质,有效地防止了产品的浑浊,适量添加西瓜皮汁和柠檬酸,有效地抑制金樱子汁的涩味,提高产品的适口性;确定了产品的最佳生产配方。     

电冰箱用吸味剂的筛选和吸附效果研究

三甲胺臭味是电冰箱贮藏食品产生异味中的代表物．通过实验得到多种活性炭吸附三甲胺的实验结果；筛选出能有效去除食品贮藏异味的活性炭吸味剂，给出了吸附净化效率并与日本、香港同类产品作了比较．     

磺化沥青的原料组成及工艺条件的优化

采用发烟硫酸为磺化剂考察了原料沥青的化学组成、溶剂的化学组成及磺化剂用量对磺化沥青产品性能的影响．研究结果表明，沥青的化学组成是影响产品性能的重要因素．另外，溶剂的化学组成影响了沥青＿溶剂体系的状态，进而影响了磺化产品的性能     

反应萃取制备硫酸钾的研究

研究了反应萃取制备硫酸钾的过程．结果表明，三辛胺－异戊醇混合萃取剂对盐酸有良好的萃取性能，一级萃取时反应在常温下的单程转化率为８８．６４％，产品硫酸钾中含氯量为０．１８％，达到国标优等品标准．     

贵州苗族布依族汉族PTC尝味能力的调查

用阈值法对贵州长顺县的苗族、布依族、汉族的苯硫脲（ＰＴＣ）尝味能力进行了调查，共检测了２０４７人。结果表明：不同民族ＰＴＣ尝味阈值的差异高度显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），不同民族间的味盲率亦有显著性的差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。三个民族总计中，男女尝味阈值的差异高度显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），味盲率呈显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）；苗族、布依族和汉族中，男女尝味阈值均有高度显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），苗族、布依族的男女性别的味盲率间均无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），汉族的男女味盲率间差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）．三个民族中，味盲基因（ｔ）频率以汉族为最高（ｔ＝０．２２４２）。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.