硫酸特布他林合成工艺的优化和改进

为了提高硫酸特布他林的反应收率和产品质量,对其合成方法进行了优化研究。以3,5-二苄氧基苯乙酮为起始原料,依次经过溴代反应、烷基化反应、羰基还原、催化加氢脱苄得到硫酸特布他林,对反应的条件和参数进行了优化和改进。结果表明:溴代反应中,采用四丁基三溴化铵来代替液溴和溴化铜作为溴代试剂,以四氢呋喃和甲醇为溶剂,n(3,5-二苄氧基苯乙酮)∶n(四丁基三溴化铵)=1∶1.3时,反应时间减少至6 h,收率达到99.1%;缩合反应中,用苄基叔丁胺代替叔丁胺,n(3,5-二苄氧基-α-溴代苯乙酮)∶n(苄基叔丁胺)=1∶3,反应收率达到69.9%;催化加氢脱苄基反应中,以甲醇为溶剂、Raney Ni用量为15%、压力为1.0 MPa、温度为40℃时,收率达到90.2%。在此优化条件下,反应总收率为62.4%,产品纯度达到99.90%(HPLC法),单杂均小于0.1%,目标化合物结构经过~1H-NMR和~(13)C-NMR得以确证。改进后的合成工艺反应条件温和,操作简单,产品收率高,更加适合工业化生产。     

对羟基苯乙酸的合成

以乙醛酸和苯酚为起始原料,在碱性溶液中经缩合反应得到对羟基扁桃酸钠,进一步经亚硫酸氢钠还原得到对羟基苯乙酸.目标产物经液相色谱进行了鉴定,结果表明,对羟基苯乙酸质量分数97.5%,纯度99.65%.研究发现:缩合反应中乙醛酸∶苯酚∶氢氧化钠的物质的量的比为1∶1.5∶2.5时,对羟基扁桃酸钠的收率可达85%;还原反应优化工艺:n(对羟基扁桃酸钠)∶n(亚硫酸氢钠)=1∶1.1,反应温度100℃,总压0.10～0.15MPa.该法原料来源广泛,工艺简单,成本低,产品质量好并且绿色环保,具有良好的工业前景.     

4-(4-甲基苯氧基)苄胺的合成研究

以廉价的对氯苯甲腈和对甲苯酚为原料,经过醚化、还原反应合成了目标化合物4-(4-甲基苯氧基)苄胺,目标化合物的结构经IR和NMR确证。考察了不同还原体系、物料比及反应时间对产品收率的影响。确定了最佳反应条件:以四氢呋喃为溶剂,在回流状态下,n(NaBH4)∶n(BF3-Et2O)∶n(4-(4-甲基苯氧基)苯甲腈)=1.2∶1.0∶1.0时,反应时间为18h,总收率达69.3%。该法具有原料易得、操作简单、反应条件温和、不需要特殊设备、产率高等优点。     

头孢唑兰活性酯合成工艺改进

在混合溶剂条件下,以亚磷酸三乙酯替代三苯基磷做缩合催化剂,改进头孢唑兰活性酯的合成工艺。经正交实验,考察溶剂、温度和时间等因素对活性酯收率和质量的影响,确定最佳工艺条件为:n(氨噻二唑肟乙酸)∶n(二硫化二苯并噻唑)∶n(亚磷酸三乙酯)=1∶1.1∶1.2,V(二氯甲烷)∶V(乙腈)=1∶1,反应温度为25℃,反应时间4 h。在此条件下,产品收率可达94.8%,HPLC测定纯度为99.2%。     

3,4-二取代基-β-苯乙胺盐酸盐类化合物的合成

3,4-二取代基-β-苯乙胺盐酸盐类化合物是四氢异喹啉类化合物合成过程中的一个重要中间体。以3,4-二羟基苯甲醛为原料,经溴代物取代,硝基甲烷缩合,NaBH4/BF3还原3步反应合成了该类目标化合物。考察了缩合反应及还原反应中各原料投料比、反应时间、反应温度对反应收率的影响。优化后平均反应总收率可达67.6%,且反应条件温和、避免了以往该类化合物合成过程中氰化钠等剧毒性物质的使用,产品经ESI-MS和1HNMR确证结构。     

自吸水酸复合载体催化合成柠檬醛二甲缩醛

为解决柠檬醛直接与无水甲醇缩合反应过程中的分水难题,研究了自吸水酸复合载体(Ph-SO3H/CuSO4@Na2SO4@CaSO4)催化合成柠檬醛二甲缩醛新方法,获得了最佳反应条件投料比n(柠檬醛)n(无水甲醇)n(苯磺酸)＝17.50.0024,控制反应温度75～80℃,反应时间1.5h.在该优化条件下,二甲缩醛收率达87%,并用红外光谱对产品进行结构表征和气相色谱定量,产品纯度可达97%.     

活性碳负载磷钨杂多酸催化合成双(4-羟基苯基)苯基甲烷

对以活性碳负载磷钨杂多酸为催化剂 ,巯基乙酸为助催化剂 ,苯酚和苯甲醛为原料 ,催化合成双 (4-羟基苯基 )苯基甲烷的反应进行了研究 .试验发现 ,磷钨杂多酸的活性碳负载量为 5 0 %时 ,催化活性最好 .通过对缩合反应的正交试验表明 ,活性碳负载磷钨杂多酸的负载量、主催化剂用量、助催化剂用量、酚醛物质的量比、反应的温度及反应的时间对缩合反应的收率有影响 .反应的最佳条件为 :活性碳负载磷钨杂多酸的负载量为 5 0 % ,n(酚 ) /n(醛 ) =4∶ 1 ,反应温度 1 0 0℃ ,主催化剂2 .5 g,助催化剂 0 .1 m L,反应时间 2 h,收率可达 73 .8% .     

非水电位滴定法测定阿戈美拉汀工作对照品的含量

为建立非水电位滴定法测定阿戈美拉汀工作对照品的含量,采用非水电位滴定法以氯仿—醋酐(6∶1)为溶剂,用高氯酸滴定液(0.1 mol/L)进行滴定.实验结果表明,非水电位滴定法的方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.1%(n=9),平均回收率为99.8%,测定结果在统计学上无显著性差异.该方法简便快速,结果准确可靠.     

氰酸钠合成工艺的优化

考察氰酸钠合成工艺中溶剂种类、溶剂用量、原料物质的量之比、反应温度及反应时间对产品纯度和收率的影响,采用红外光谱确证产物的结构。在N,N-二基甲酰胺(DMF)和甲苯作溶剂下,n(碳酸钠)∶n(尿素)=1∶2.6,m(原料)∶m(DMF)∶m(甲苯)=1∶5∶1,反应温度140℃,反应时间13 h条件下,产品纯度可达98.7%,收率可达99.2%。     

H6P2W9Mo9O62·24H2O催化清洁氧化环己酮合成己二酸

通过水热法合成新型Dawson结构磷钨钼杂多酸催化剂,对催化剂进行FT-IR、TG-DTA表征,并用于催化30%H2O2氧化环己酮制备己二酸.通过正交实验确定了优化工艺条件,并探讨了反应机理.结果表明,当n(环己酮)∶n(过氧化氢)∶n(草酸)∶n(催化剂)=100∶400∶1.00∶0.15,反应温度100℃,反应时间5h,进行3次平行实验,己二酸平均收率为71.6%,纯度为99.7%.经蒸发浓缩,催化体系可重复使用5次,收率为50.3%.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.