铁路混凝土箱梁钢筋锈蚀后其挠度和裂缝宽度取值

为了研究钢筋锈蚀下混凝土箱梁挠度和裂缝宽度的变化,基于梁截面平衡和变形协调,引入锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁非线性本构关系,建立了箱梁受弯挠度和裂缝宽度解析表达式。针对铁路简支箱梁算例,研究了混凝土性能退化和钢筋锈蚀对梁挠度和裂缝宽度的影响;并和铁路桥梁规范中挠度和裂缝宽度的规范值进行了对比分析。结果表明:混凝土性能的退化对梁挠度和裂缝宽度影响很小;锈蚀钢筋力学性能的退化和锈蚀黏结滑移对挠度和裂缝宽度具有较大影响。当锈蚀率小于1.5%时,挠度和裂缝宽度均小幅减小;当锈蚀率超过1.5%后,挠度和裂缝宽度随着锈蚀率的增加开始增大。针对规范中挠度和裂缝宽度公式,提出了锈蚀黏结滑移修正系数,修正后的规范值与解析解吻合良好。     

锈蚀钢筋与混凝土粘结性能的梁式试验

通过梁式试验法研究了锈蚀对配箍钢筋混凝土构件粘结性能的影响,探讨了试件表面锈胀裂缝宽度和钢筋锈蚀率对极限粘结强度及钢筋自由端滑移量的影响规律.试验研究表明,钢筋混凝土梁表面纵向锈胀裂缝产生与否及其宽度大小,并不是影响配箍构件粘结性能的本质因素,它与粘结强度或滑移性能的相关性均不显著.锈蚀率对粘结性能有着重要影响,极限粘结强度和粘结刚度均随锈蚀率增加先增大后减小,但锈蚀率在5%以内时不会低于未锈蚀钢筋水平;达极限粘结强度时,钢筋自由端滑移量随锈蚀量增加明显减小,当锈蚀率为4.6%时滑移量仅为未锈蚀梁的17.6%.     

受力筋搭接钢筋混凝土梁受弯性能试验研究

为研究钢筋搭接接头对钢筋混凝土梁受弯性能的影响,验证现有钢筋搭接长度修正系数是否能满足《混凝土结构设计规范》（GB?50010—2010）的正常使用极限状态限值要求,以钢筋搭接长度和搭接百分率为变量,完成了16根两点集中荷载作用下受力钢筋搭接钢筋混凝土简支梁受弯性能试验. 对试件的裂缝发展、裂缝宽度、裂缝间距、破坏形态、受弯承载力和跨中挠度等进行了观测. 试验结果表明：搭接百分率及钢筋搭接长度对试验梁的承载能力及变形有较大影响,钢筋搭接长度较大的梁试件均能满足承载能力要求;在使用阶段荷载下,试验梁的跨中挠度均满足限值要求,但钢筋搭接长度较小的梁裂缝宽度不满足限值要求. 基于试验数据并考虑搭接百分率及钢筋搭接长度两个参数,给出了钢筋搭接梁最大裂缝宽度与钢筋无搭接梁最大裂缝宽度的关系,并提出了钢筋搭接长度修正系数的建议值,以此为基础对我国混凝土结构设计规范及美国ACI 318规范的合理性进行了探讨.     

锈蚀后钢筋混凝土梁的剪切疲劳试验

为研究钢筋锈蚀对钢筋混凝土梁的剪切疲劳寿命的影响,分别进行无锈蚀和锈蚀情况下钢筋混凝土梁的剪切疲劳对比试验。试验首先对钢筋混凝土梁进行通电加速锈蚀,使梁底面产生顺钢筋方向的锈蚀裂缝;当梁底面锈蚀裂缝宽度达到要求后,停止通电,进行疲劳加载试验。疲劳加载幅值约为无锈蚀梁的静承载力的55%。通过加载试验发现:随着锈蚀裂缝宽度的增加,梁的剪切疲劳性能会迅速衰减;试验中所有钢筋均未发生疲劳断裂。结果表明:当锈蚀损伤受弯钢筋和混凝土之间的粘结作用时,梁的疲劳性能会急剧衰减。     

通电锈蚀钢筋砼梁结构性能退化的试验研究

通过采用外加恒电流快速锈蚀模拟方法,对锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁进行试验,研究了结构性能退化机理。由试验结果看出,随着顺筋裂缝宽度和锈蚀率的增大,钢筋与混凝土之间的粘结作用逐渐退化,梁的屈服荷载、极限荷载和延性都有所降低,而锈蚀钢筋的力学性能退化以及锈蚀钢筋与混凝土粘结性能退化,是导致钢筋混凝土锈蚀梁的结构性能退化的主要因素。     

锈蚀钢筋与TRC约束混凝土黏结滑移本构关系

采用试验和理论分析相结合的方法,基于电化学锈蚀中心拉拔试验,研究在有无纤维编织网增强混凝土(TRC)约束下,对不同电化学锈蚀率变形钢筋与混凝土界面黏结性能的影响,并且对试件破坏形态以及黏结滑移曲线等进行了分析研究.研究结果表明:在无TRC约束的情况下,锈蚀钢筋与混凝土极限黏结应力随锈蚀率增加而降低,尤其是混凝土产生锈胀裂缝后极限黏结应力下降明显;TRC约束对锈蚀钢筋与混凝土的黏结性能尤其是锈蚀程度较大的试件有很好的改善作用;对于产生锈胀裂缝的试件,TRC约束具有良好的限制试件开裂以及提高极限黏结应力的作用,同时TRC约束对维持锈蚀钢筋与混凝土的黏结刚度也有明显效果;最后建立了TRC约束混凝土与锈蚀钢筋上升段的黏结滑移本构关系.     

无黏结预应力混凝土梁短期裂缝试验

通过八根无黏结预应力混凝土梁和两根普通混凝土梁的短期裂缝试验,研究了配置HRBF500钢筋的无黏结预应力混凝土梁的裂缝间距和宽度,并对"混凝土结构设计规范GB50010—2010";裂缝计算公式的适用性进行了评析.研究表明:规范GB50010的裂缝计算模式对配HRBF500钢筋的无黏结预应力混凝土梁仍适用,但按规范GB50010计算的平均裂缝宽度和最大裂缝宽度总体上比试验值偏大,计算值与试验值之比平均分别为1.333和1.403.根据试验结果,建议将裂缝间混凝土伸长对裂缝宽度的影响系数αc和短期裂缝宽度扩大系数τs调整为0.58和1.54,调整后的计算值与试验值符合较好.     

基于黏结-滑移效应的钢筋混凝土梁裂缝宽度数值计算

基于黏结-滑移理论对钢筋混凝土受弯构件裂缝宽度的计算进行说明,指出采用数值计算方法进行分析的必要性.在综合考虑钢筋与混凝土间的黏结-滑移效应、裂缝间混凝土拉伸硬化效应以及材料非线性本构关系等问题的基础上,建立钢筋混凝土梁构件裂缝宽度计算的数值模犁.以8根HRB500级高强钢筋混凝土梁受弯开裂试验为例,将试验结果、规范公式计算结果以及数值模型预测结果进行对比分析.研究结果表明:试验梁短期最大裂缝宽度的模型预测结果与试验结果较符合,两者比值的均值为1.098,变异系数为0.146 5;而规范公式计算值则普遍大于试验值,需要进行适当修正.取等间距开裂的模型梁进行算例分析,得出平均裂缝宽度预测值与规范公式的计算值较吻合,进一步验证了该数值计算模型是一种有效的、准确的裂缝宽度分析方法.     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的裂缝研究

钢筋锈蚀是在当今世界引起混凝土结构耐久性损伤或破坏的首要因素,研究发现锈蚀钢筋混凝土构件粘结性能的退化对其裂缝特征有着显著的影响,随着粘结强度的降低,钢筋混凝土构件的裂缝宽度和平均裂缝间距都会增大。本文从钢筋锈蚀对混凝土构件的裂缝的影响出发,介绍了锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的裂缝特征、形成原因以及现有的计算方法。     

疲劳荷载下钢筋锈蚀混凝土构件粘结性能试验研究

为探索钢筋锈蚀混凝土构件的疲劳性能,对疲劳荷载作用下钢筋锈蚀混凝土构件的粘结滑移性能进行了试验研究,依据实验结果分析了钢筋锈蚀率对构件的粘结性能退化的影响规律.研究表明:疲劳荷载强度相同,极限粘结强度和滑移差值随着钢筋锈蚀率的增加,呈现出先升后降的趋势,即当钢筋锈蚀率小于2%时,其疲劳极限粘结强度上升;而当钢筋锈蚀率大于4%时,其疲劳极限粘结强度下降.根据试验结果拟合极限粘结强度的计算公式,计算结果与试验结果吻合得较好.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.