高速列车车轮与曲尖轨接触分析

为了研究高速铁路曲尖轨磨耗严重的问题,现场实测不同位置处的18号高速道岔曲尖轨型面及不同磨耗程度的高速列车车轮型面,建立车轮-基本轨-曲尖轨有限元模型,进行轮轨弹塑性接触分析,得出如下结论:车轮与尖轨接触状态受车轮磨耗程度与沿尖轨线路接触位置影响;使用标准车轮的情况下,当尖轨与基本轨共同承担载荷时,随着距尖轨尖端距离的增加,尖轨所受最大等效应力呈先增大后减小的趋势,当超过屈服极限时,易造成尖轨飞边;当尖轨单独承担全部载荷时,所受最大等效应力急剧增加,塑性变形加重,侧磨加剧.不同磨耗程度的车轮对尖轨会造成不同损伤,磨耗Ⅰ型车轮易造成尖轨压溃,磨耗Ⅱ型、磨耗Ⅲ型、磨耗Ⅳ型易使尖轨发生飞边,剥离掉块.     

地铁道岔轨顶坡对尖轨磨耗的影响

针对地铁道岔磨耗严重及使用寿命短等问题,利用有限元方法建立道岔区三维弹塑性轮轨接触计算模型,通过计算尖轨接触应力、接触斑面积及内部应力等,分析轨顶坡对尖轨磨耗的影响。模型中车轮型面采用实测磨耗状态LM型车轮型面。研究结果表明:设置轨顶坡时,尖轨接触应力及内部应力均比不设置轨顶坡的小;以尖轨顶宽35.5 mm断面为例,当轨顶坡从1/40增大到1/20时,其接触应力最大值从904.267 MPa减小至686.266 MPa,Von Mises应力最大值从552.123 MPa降低至493.755 MPa,状态由塑性变形转变为弹性变形,有利于减小尖轨磨耗;增大尖轨断面顶面宽度可以提高其受力状态,延长道岔使用寿命;综合考虑尖轨受力状态,1/20轨顶坡优于其他轨顶坡。     

重载货车-固定辙叉动态与静态接触性能分析

针对重载铁路固定辙叉磨耗问题,应用动力学理论与有限元方法,分别建立C80货车-固定辙叉系统耦合动力学模型与轮叉弹塑性接触模型,分析重载货车-固定辙叉动态与接触性能。应用SIMPACK软件建立动力学模型以模拟C80货车通过75kg/m钢轨12号道岔,计算结果表明：固定辙叉最大磨耗功率随着速度的提升迅速增大,车轮从翼轨向心轨过渡将对心轨产生冲击,而且速度越高冲击力越大。应用HYPERMESH软件,建立三维弹塑性有限元接触模型,计算分析在标准75kg/m钢轨12号道岔固定辙叉不同位置处与标准货车LM型面车轮的接触状态。在模型中分别施加动载垂向力与静载轴重,进行计算,与静载轴重相比,动载垂向力作用下的最大等效应力剧增。综上所述,建议C80货车通过固定辙叉时严格控制在50km/h范围内。     

高速道岔曲尖轨疲劳裂纹成因分析

根据高速铁路18号单开道岔的基本轨-曲尖轨设计廓形和实测廓形数据,采用车辆-道岔动力学模型,分析了列车逆向-侧向过岔时轮载位置的转移、基本轨和尖轨上的接触斑法向应力和疲劳裂纹指数,提出了高速道岔曲尖轨疲劳裂纹形成的原因。研究发现：高速道岔基本轨和尖轨实测廓形显示尖轨降低值存在不足,使得同一转向架1、2位轮对的外轮轮载转移分别过早和过快,且随着车轮和钢轨廓形磨耗,这种情况进一步恶化。由此造成曲尖轨受到较大的法向接触应力,特别是1位轮对的外轮对曲尖轨轨肩和轨距角疲劳裂纹的形成贡献度最大。曲尖轨最早出现裂纹的区域在其顶宽20~50mm范围内。     

道岔区固定辙叉心轨垂磨对轮轨动态接触的影响

通过实测数据和文献资料,分析了辙叉区心轨垂直磨耗分布规律,并基于该规律构造了各级垂直磨耗分布曲线。针对重载条件下普速铁路60 kg?m^-1钢轨12号单开道岔,基于车辆-道岔耦合动力学的理论,建立重载货车-道岔耦合动力学模型,计算分析了固定辙叉心轨垂直磨耗对重载货车通过道岔辙叉区轮轨接触的影响规律。结果表明：心轨顶宽20~40 mm范围是实测心轨垂直磨耗较为严重的区域;随着心轨垂直磨耗量的增大,轮载过渡区轮轨接触力最大值和接触力过渡曲线波动性普遍增大,轮轨接触关系随之恶化,心轨与翼轨之间的轮载过渡平稳性随之下降;当轨道几何不平顺较为良好时,心轨顶宽40 mm处垂磨应控制在5 mm之内。     

轮轨型面对车辆曲线通过性及磨耗影响

对比初始与实测轮轨型面对上海地铁A型车的曲线通过性能的影响,并分析不同的轮轨型面匹配对轮轨磨耗、钢轨波浪形磨耗、接触疲劳的影响.结果表明4种不同的轮轨匹配下,车辆的曲线通过性能都能满足车辆动力学性能要求,但新车轮运行在已磨损的轨面上时,曲线通过性能略差,其轮轨横向力和脱轨系数偏高.初始轮轨匹配在过小半径曲线时其外轮轨具有较大的自旋功,且内外轮轨上高的纵向蠕滑率将导致车轮产生粘滑振动,易形成波磨,经过滚动接触疲劳分析,磨损后的车轮踏面易对小半径曲线外轨造成表面接触疲劳破坏.     

地铁车轮凹陷磨耗对踏面接触应力的影响

针对地铁列车运营后出现的车轮踏面滚动接触疲劳现象,利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立考虑轮轨真实几何关系的三维弹塑性轮轨接触数值仿真模型,结合现场调查车轮磨耗结果和轮轨接触几何关系分析,计算分析车轮不同凹陷磨耗状态对踏面材料应力应变状态的影响。研究结果表明:车轮踏面主要凹陷磨耗区域为车轮踏面横向位置-30～50 mm处,轮轨接触几何关系呈强非线性特性,其轮轨接触点位置集中在车轮踏面横向位置20～32 mm或-32～-20 mm。车轮不同凹陷磨耗状态下的轮轨接触状态差异显著,在磨耗突变区(-30～-20 mm)轮轨接触斑呈狭长椭圆分布,导致相同载荷下轮轨接触应力较大。当轮对向外轨横移时,车轮凹陷磨耗接触区域材料易进入屈服状态,此时车轮踏面沿接触斑深度方向0～3.6 mm范围内Von-Mises等效应力最大,踏面表层材料等效塑性应变最大。车轮踏面出现凹陷磨耗后,车辆频繁地通过小半径曲线时易在磨耗突变区造成较高的等效应力和等效塑性应变,从而导致轮缘根部表面材料产生剥离损伤。     

现代有轨电车线路轨底坡对槽型轨磨耗的影响

建立了槽型轨磨耗预测模型,包括考虑了独立旋转车轮的现代有轨电车车辆-轨道耦合动力学计算模型、基于槽型轨多点接触特性的轮轨接触模型以及Archard材料磨耗模型.通过与相关文献结果的对比验证了模型的有效性,并采用该模型分析了轨底坡对现代有轨电车通过小半径曲线轨道时槽型轨磨耗的影响.结果表明:轨底坡为1/60和1/20时,内外侧槽型轨轨面及轨距角位置磨耗相对集中,在X=18 mm附近位置钢轨磨耗影响较轻;相对钢轨磨耗量而言,设置轨底坡为1/20有利于减轻钢轨磨耗.     

不同车轮型面对地铁道岔区轮轨静态接触行为的影响

为了研究不同车轮型面对地铁9号道岔转辙器区的轮轨静态接触行为的影响,基于经典迹线法求解轮轨接触几何关系,利用三维非赫兹滚动接触理论分析接触力学特性,分析接触点对分布、道岔转辙器结构不平顺、轮轨接触几何参数和轮轨接触斑的形状、面积及最大法向接触应力等。数值计算中,考虑轮背距为1 353 mm的LM和DIN5573以及轮背距为1 358 mm的S1002这3种车轮型面,从静力学分析的角度提出地铁道岔区的最优车轮型面。研究结果表明:DIN5573车轮过岔接触点对分布较集中,结构不平顺幅值较小,直向过岔时轮对的稳定性较好但接触力学特性较差;S1002车轮侧向过岔通过能力较强,接触力学特性良好,但轮对向尖基轨侧横移时较易发生轮缘接触,轮轨表面易产生疲劳伤损;LM车轮综合匹配性能最好。     

道岔缓和曲线尖轨切削方式选型的动力学研究

以轮轨系统动力学理论为基础,建立车辆-转辙器动力耦合模型,计算并分析42号缓圆缓型道岔前缓和曲线尖轨选取五种不同切削方式时,轮轨系统动力指标及钢轨磨耗变化情况.结果表明:利用动力学方法评价各种缓和曲线尖轨切削方式的优劣性,能够使尖轨选型更加可靠;缓圆缓型道岔中选用半切线型缓和曲线尖轨,可获得较好的行车性能、转辙器结构稳定性和钢轨磨耗性能,部分设计条件下也可依照具体要求采用切线型尖轨;对运营中道岔转辙器结构动力性能的分析,需考虑几何不平顺等因素的共同作用.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.