基于高分一号的农田植被区土壤湿度反演研究

以国产高分一号(GF-1)遥感数据为数据源,以荆州市公安县为实验区,选择垂直干旱指数(PDI)、改进型的垂直干旱指数(MPDI)和植被调整垂直干旱指数(VAPDI),对土壤湿度指数反演的效果进行比较和验证,同时为减少水体对地表反射率的干扰,采用归一化差异水体指数法(NDWI)对水体进行掩膜处理.研究结果表明,PDI、MPDI和VAPDI分别反演得到的土壤湿度值与实测值的相关系数为0. 520 5、0. 697 2、0. 687 2,实测土壤含水量验证精度评价也表明各模型均能满足反演的精度要求;在植被覆盖较好的农区,MPDI和VAPDI能够在一定程度上克服混合像元对土壤湿度光谱信息的影响,模型拟合效果优于PDI.研究结果可为江汉平原大范围和动态监测表层土壤湿度指数提供理论基础和实践参考.     

融合合成孔径雷达和光学影像的植被覆盖区土壤湿度反演

利用合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)卫星可对土壤湿度实现大面积、时间连续的反演.针对此过程中难以消除植被遮挡的问题,提出融合SAR微波数据和光学数据,利用修正水云模型消除植被影响,求解纯粹地表后向散射系数,代入裸土区土壤湿度反演算法进行土壤湿度反演,并在武汉豹澥区域设置实测站点记录实测数据进行比对.结果分析表明,经过植被消除后,实测站点垂直极化后向散射系数平均衰减量与植被覆盖度之间时间序列上相关系数达到0.83;土壤湿度反演值与实测值趋势相关性平均提升0.08,且提升程度与植被覆盖度相关系数也达到0.8以上,表明本算法针对植被覆盖度越大区域反演效果越好.该方法通过SAR影像和光学影像融合反演长时间序列土壤湿度具有良好可信度.     

基于EOS/MODIS数据的土壤水分遥感监测方法

美国国家航空航天局(NASA)自1991年开始实施对地观测系统(EOS)计划以来,EOS/MODIS传感器的高时间分辨率、高光谱分辨率、适中的空间分辨率等特点使其在干旱监测中具有突出的优势.纵观近年来国内外基于EOS/MODIS资料遥感监测土壤水分的理论、方法的发展和应用特点,可以分为5类:①基于植被指数类的遥感干旱监测方法,如简单植被指数、比值植被指数、归一化植被指数、增强植被指数、归一化水分指数法、距平植被指数等;②基于红外的遥感干旱监测方法,如垂直干旱指数法、修正的垂直干旱指数法等;③基于地表温度(LST)的遥感干旱监测方法,如热惯量法、条件温度指数、归一化差值温度指数、表观热惯量植被干旱指数等;④基于植被指数和温度的遥感干旱监测方法,如条件植被温度指数、植被温度梯形指数、温度植被干旱指数模型等;⑤基于植被与土壤的遥感监测方法,如地表含水量指数作物缺水指数法等.重点介绍了目前生物、物理意义较明显,比较成熟和广泛应用的基于可见光与热红外波段的改进型垂直干旱指数法(MPDI)、作物缺水指数法(CWSI)、地表含水量指数法(SWCI)、热惯量法(ATI)等;对各种遥感监测土壤水分方法的优缺点做出评价;指出利用高分辨率卫星资料(如EOS/MODIS和中国发射的风云三号极轨气象卫星250 m分辨率资料)进行农业干旱监测研究将成为主要的研究方向,"土壤-作物-大气"多圈层立体监测、多学科的融合将是解决提高旱情定量化监测精度、使之实用化和业务化的必由之路:最后,展望了遥感监测土壤水分的发展前景.     

基于无人机可见光波段对荒漠植被覆盖度提取的研究——以沙坡头地区为例

以腾格里沙漠东南缘沙坡头地区为研究区域,采用无人机(Phantom 3A)拍摄获取指定范围可见光影像,通过ENVI软件分析照片的红、绿、蓝信息进行植被指数的提取和植被覆盖度的计算,主要分析了可见光波段差异植被指数、归一化绿化差异指数、归一化绿蓝差异指数、过绿指数、红绿比值指数与研究区荒漠植被覆盖度回归模型,探究最优反演模型,目的是验证在相同区域、相同时间拍摄的无人机影像的植被覆盖度.计算出来的植被覆盖度和无人机航片的处理方法进行比对,验证反演模型的正确性.结果表明:通过无人机可见光波段提取的植被指数结果中可见光波段差异植被指数的提取精度最好,能很好地将植被与非植被区分,为荒漠植被覆盖度和植被指数的反演模型的验证提供了依据,节约了实地测量带来的时间和人力成本.对比研究植被指数和荒漠植被覆盖度的线性、对数、三次、乘幂、增长及指数的回归模型结果,最优的荒漠植被覆盖度的反演模型是可见光波段差异植被指数的三次模型,为y=-200.06x3+706.763x2-430.779x+17.916,能很好地监测荒漠植被覆盖度的动态变化,为今后荒漠生态系统的防护和管理提供较好的技术支持.     

基于PROSPECT+SAIL模型反演叶面积指数的较强适用性植被指数的筛选

基于PROSPECT+SAIL植被辐射传输模型,通过控制不同的植被生化变量、地表参数和土壤光谱参数建立光谱数据集,定量地分析了归一化植被指数(NDVI)、比值植被指数(SR)、土壤调节植被指数(SAVI)等10种常用的植被指数(VIs)对叶面积指数(LAI)的响应.利用敏感性函数定量地筛选出具有较强适用性的转换型土壤调节植被指数(TSAVI).在此基础上,分别建立了TSAVI及常用植被指数NDVI反演LAI的模型.以张掖市南部地区的TM影像为数据源,进行了LAI的反演,并利用黑河生态水文遥感试验获得的中游LAI数据集对模型进行精度评价.结果表明:TSAVI–LAI模型最佳拟合关系为指数形式,其反演结果与LAI实测值的偏差最小(0.200),R2最大(0.686),RMSE最小(0.397).TSAVI可以作为较强适用性植被指数来进行LAI的反演.     

基于植被指数和地表温度的干旱监测方法的对比分析

以陕西省关中平原和渭北旱塬为研究区域,应用1999-2005年每年5月上旬的AVHRR卫星遥感数据,对比分析了基于归一化植被指数(NDVI)和地表温度的几种干旱监测方法:包括条件植被指数(VCI)、条件温度指数(TCI)、距平植被指数(AVI)和条件植被温度指数(VTCI)等,研究了VTCI与其他干旱监测方法的优缺点及其在研究区域的适用性.从研究区域旱情分布来看,VCI的干旱监测结果不符合研究区域干旱的分布规律.从监测结果的影像纹理特征来看,VTCI和AVI可能适合于研究区域的旱情监测.通过进一步对比分析遥感干旱监测结果与累计降水量的监测结果,得出了VTCI更适合于研究区域的干旱监测.     

一种基于TVDI模型的边界提取方法研究

提出一种基于TVDI模型的湿地边界信息提取方法,利用TM遥感影像建立地表温度(Ts)与归一化植被指数(NDVI)之间的二维特征空间,用IDL编程在特征空间内拟合温度植被干旱指数法(TVDI)需要的干、湿边方程,并反演出试验区的土壤干湿情况.利用野鸭湖湿地3m×3m植物样方,统计、分析、确定湿地生态系统的上边界.试验测得湿地边界的土壤水分含量阈值0.56,根据该阈值确定湿地边界信息,提取湿地边界.通过该方法提取的湿地核心区准确率达到72%,说明利用遥感方法反演土壤水分含量,提取湿地边界的方法可行.     

机载热红外相机应用于农业干旱监测的实验研究

机载热红外遥感技术为农业干旱监测提供了新的技术手段,对其开展实验研究具有现实意义.本文以红外多角度相机(multi-angular infrared camera,MAIC)获取的高分辨率热红外遥感图像为基本数据源,选取高分一号(GF-1)遥感图像为辅助数据,基于归一化差值植被指数(NDVI)-地表温度(Ts)特征空间计算实验研究区的温度-植被指数(TVDI)值,并据此得到了研究区干旱分级结果;最后利用野外同步测定的土壤水分数据,对遥感反演结果进行验证和精度分析,探寻机载红外相机在农业干旱监测方面的应用潜力.结果表明:(1)利用机载MAIC热红外数据和GF-1数据可以反演地表温度、植被指数等地表参量,进而可以构建NDVI-Ts特征空间;在该二维特征空间中,该研究区的图像像元集聚为三角形形态,可以较好地刻画研究区不同地表覆盖类型的干湿状况;(2)利用该研究区NDVI-Ts特征空间计算得到的TVDI值与地表土壤水分呈显著负相关;TVDI值与实测地表土壤水分线性回归分析结果相关性较高,R2约为0.389 1;(3)干旱等级表达了土壤水分对农作物生长状态的胁迫作用,可以较好地显示农业干旱特征.与星载红外遥感数据相比,机载红外相机获取的数据具有较高灵活性,更利于干旱区域的机动监测.本文研究表明机载MAIC数据在干旱监测方面具有较大的应用前景.     

北部湾沿海流域植被覆盖动态变化及其驱动因素

基于2000—2018年的中分辨率成像光谱仪13Q1数据,利用修正的变化矢量分析、变异系数、Hurst指数等方法分析北部湾沿海流域植被覆盖动态变化趋势及其持续性、预测未来植被覆盖变化情况以及植被覆盖变化的驱动因素.研究表明:北部湾沿海流域植被覆盖度较高,且年际变化幅度较小,多年植被指数均值表现出从陆地到滨海、从流域外边界到河流中心逐渐递减的规律.2000—2018年以来,流域内植被覆盖改善区域(73.6％)大于退化区域(26.3％),河口、滨海区不仅为植被退化明显区域,且为植被变化波动性较强区域.未来流域内植被覆盖变化波动性较强,其中持续改善区域仅占19.6％,持续退化区域占8％,其余的72.4％为波动性变化区域.流域内植被覆盖变化趋势与人为因素和气候因素相关性较高,与地形特征相关性较低.     

基于Landsat 8数据反演地表发射率的几种不同算法对比分析

为了分析研究不同地表发射率反演算法的精度和适用性,文中选取西安市的遥感影像Landsat 8为基础数据,运用ENVI,ArcGIS等软件,首先对Landsat 8数据进行预处理,提取西安市的NDVI影像;然后,建立决策树模型得到西安市地表分类影像,并基于像元二分模型反演得到植被覆盖度,基于NDVI得到4种不同算法的地表发射率;最后,以精度0. 01的MODIS LSE产品为标准数据,从像元尺度上对比分析了4种算法的精度,并依据回归决策树方法的分类结果,对比分析了不同算法在各类地表覆盖类型上的发射率反演差异。结果表明:在像元尺度上,植被指数混合模型法与NDVI~(TEM)改进算法精度较高且较为接近;从不同下垫面的反演差异来看,在植被区域4种算法之间的差异较小,而对于水体区域,4种算法之间的差异较大;从反演方法的适用性而言,植被指数混合模型法与NDVI~(TEM)改进算法较为适合本研究区。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.