汽车制动舒适性控制研究综述

随着汽车自动化水平不断提高,悬架、制动等系统可以主动调节作用力,使汽车制动舒适性成为一个重要的研究课题。回顾了车辆乘坐舒适性问题,重点关注在制动工况下的乘坐舒适性。制动舒适性是指车辆在制动时因车辆纵向动力学变化所引起的驾乘人员的不适。从影响因素、控制结构、研究方法等方面对乘坐舒适性问题进行了综述和对比分析;悬架系统、制动系统是影响乘坐舒适性的关键因素,通过对制动过程的解构得出,频域有着十分重要的影响;结合自动驾驶技术的快速发展的背景,分析了典型工况下的乘坐舒适性;总结了现有研究存在的不足,最后对乘坐舒适性的发展趋势进行了展望。     

车辆防抱制动系统与主动悬架系统集成协调控制算法的仿真

文章以车辆的7自由度半车模型为研究对象,建立悬架系统的最优控制模型和制动系统的模糊控制模型,2个系统在1个上层控制器的协调作用下进行集成控制。仿真结果表明,系统经过集成控制后,车辆的乘坐舒适性和行车安全性相对于单独控制悬架系统或制动系统均得到了不同程度的提高,证明了这一控制方法的有效性。     

满载汽车动力学模型及仿真

以某款轿车为研究对象,建立12自由度汽车乘坐动力学模型,通过达朗贝尔原理推导动力学方程.首先,采用滤波白噪声法建立路面不平度时域模型,生成的C级路面随机激励高程变化在-0.05~0.05 m范围以内,符合实际路面.然后,在Simulink中建立人-车-路系统仿真模型,对轿车在不同车速下不同位置的人体振动响应进行仿真分析,并进行舒适性评价.最后,进行实车试验,验证模型的正确性.结果表明:在50 km·h^-1车速下,所有乘员的主观感受为稍有不舒适;随着车速的增加,前排乘客和驾驶员稍有不舒适的主观感受越来越强,而后排乘客的主观感受由稍有不舒适增加到有些不舒适.     

基于车辆制动后期的纵向振动控制

车辆制动易引起乘坐不适,"点头效应"可以通过半主动/主动悬架进行控制,但制动后期的纵向振动峰值频率在3 Hz左右,处于人体敏感区域中间。文章搭建车辆纵向动力学模型,仿真并试验分析了纵向固有频率;建立动态轮胎模型和制动系统模型,设计了模型预测控制器(model predictive controller, MPC),在车速为0、2 km/h时介入MPC控制并且进行了试验验证。结果表明,在制动后期使用MPC减小制动压力,可以大幅度减小制动后期的纵向振动,制动距离恶化很小。     

基于气动方程的列车管路充排气数学模型

智能化制动试验系统的核心是建立不同编组列车首车制动压力控制模型。从气动力学方程入手,建立了不同编组列车首车列车管充排气特性数学模型,该模型考虑了编组列车除首车之外的其余车辆充排气特性对首车列车管气压变化的影响。提出通过对制动阀有效截面积的设计计算,并带入所建立的数学模型中进行仿真试验,从而对研制新制动阀以及改进或检修制动阀提供理论基础与技术指导。利用列车制动试验台得到的试验数据与仿真结果进行对比分析,验证模型的准确性,并预测了更长编组列车首车列车管的初充气及常用制动时的气压数据。     

车用座椅发泡密度对乘坐舒适性的影响分析

为量化座椅坐垫发泡密度对车辆驾乘人员乘坐舒适性的影响,建立了中国95百分位体征的人体有限元模型和不同发泡密度的驾乘人员-座椅模型,进行驾乘人员与不同发泡密度座椅之间的整体体压分布及其躯体各部位体压分布的仿真分析.仿真结果表明:本文更精确测定了不同发泡密度座椅与驾乘人员之间的体压分布和剪切力的变化规律,缩短了座椅研发周期,实现了在座椅试制前的概念设计阶段评定发泡密度对乘坐舒适性影响的定量化精细化分析.     

铁道车辆制动系统防滑控制仿真与试验研究

通过建立铁道车辆单轮对运动学模型、轮轨蠕滑力模型、制动过程的制动力开环与闭环控制模型,分析了单轮对制动工况下的防滑控制仿真方法.针对电空直通制动系统防滑单元,基于DSHplus软件建立了气路仿真模型与防滑控制策略仿真模型,通过与Matlab联合仿真,分析了电空直通制动系统防滑单元的气路特性与控制参数的选择,研制了制动防滑单元并进行了相关试验,结果表明,该仿真模型可用于模拟轮对制动过程的滑行工况,可用于防滑单元的集成设计与参数优化.     

基于相对坐标建模的悬架参数D-最优试验设计

为了使人体乘坐舒适性评价指标获得更优值,使用实际车型的主要特性参数并基于相对坐标建立悬架及整车多体模型;参照平顺性道路试验标准,以悬架的弹簧刚度和减振器阻尼系数共四个主要参数作为优化对象,以基于"416-A"设计之X表的近似D-最优试验设计为方法,进行4因素水平16组不同组合的行驶平顺性仿真,建立二次回归方程并依据相应因素编码公式得出最佳参数匹配组合,通过优化前后的平顺性评价指标对比验证,发现人体主观感受有所提高,其中的驾驶员座椅处垂向加速度功率谱值降低了47.2%,说明该试验优化法在改善人体乘坐舒适性方面作用明显.     

踏板行程模拟器在线控制动系统中的应用

为了提高制动过程的舒适性并消除制动操作时的不适感,考虑到制动踏板感觉是线控制动系统研究的核心内容并直接关系到车辆的驾驶舒适度及行驶安全性,利用踏板行程模拟器来模拟制动踏板感觉,并分析比较传统制动系统和带有踏板行程模拟器的线控制动系统.利用AMESim软件建立踏板行程模拟器模型,利用MATLAB/Simulink软件设计踏板行程模拟器的单神经元自适应智能PID控制策略.设置传统车辆制动系统台架试验基本参数并进行仿真验证,最终得出该线控制动系统中的踏板行程模拟器和控制策略均能达到传统制动系统的性能要求,并有效地改善了制动过程中的舒适度.     

BP神经网络在车辆制动性能预测中的应用

首先建立了车辆制动过程数学模型,利用该数学模型对JS2310农用运输车的制动性能进行了计算机仿真,并与试验结果进行了比较,表明模型是正确的为进一步提高该车辆制动性能预测的精度,引入了神经网络技术使用BP网络对不同条件下的多次仿真结果进行第一步学习,将数学模型转化为车辆制动性能预测的神经网络模型,再进一步使用整车部分试验结果对已得到的神经网络进行训练,得到最终的预测模型结果表明使用神经网络模型可以提高车辆制动性能预测的精度     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。