5—氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖缓释微囊制备工艺研究

5－氟尿嘧啶（5－Fu)以壳聚糖为载体,采用乳化化学交联技术,制备了5－Fu壳聚糖微囊。用正交安排试验,以微囊载药量,药物包封率,粒子分布百分数为指标优化微量的制备工艺,并以最佳制备工艺条件制得含药微囊,方法重现性好,制备工艺稳定,体外释放度试验表明,该微囊具有较好的缓释作用。     

马钱子生物碱微囊的制备及评价

为降低马钱子生物碱的释放速率,采用乳化-溶剂扩散法制备马钱子生物碱微囊,以载药量、包封率、外观形态等为考核指标,通过正交试验对制备工艺条件进行优化并考察其体外溶出性能。结果表明:在优化的工艺条件(囊芯和囊材质量比为1∶2,囊材质量浓度0.135g/mL,乳化剂体积分数2%,有机相和水相体积比为1∶5)下3次平行制得微囊的包封率和载药量的平均值分别为53.99%和18.25%;微囊外观光滑圆整,流动性好且粒径分布较窄;微囊中的马钱子碱与士的宁在人工胃液中具有良好的体外缓释效果。     

洛伐他汀聚乳酸缓释微球的制备及其体外释药

采用油/水型乳化溶剂挥发法制备了洛伐他汀聚乳酸缓释微球,通过正交试验筛选最优制备工艺;考察了微球的粒径,形态,及载药量、包封率等特征,采用透析法进行微球体外释药研究。结果表明由最佳工艺制备的洛伐他汀聚乳酸微球形态圆整,粒径分布较为均匀。分子量5万聚乳酸制备的微球,载药量32.28%,包封率81.81%,平均粒径65.8μm ;分子量3万聚乳酸制备的微球,载药量27.66%,包封率60.84%,平均粒径63.3μm。二者在10d内体外累积释放率分别为34.81%和40.96%,释药动力学符合Higuchi方程。     

依托泊苷纳米混合胶束的制备及其理化性质

为提高依托泊苷制剂的水溶性和稳定性,采用星点设计-效应面法优化依托泊苷纳米混合胶束(ETP mPEG-PLA/P123)的处方工艺。在单因素试验基础上,以投药量、mPEG-PLA所占质量比和水化体积为自变量,以依托泊苷包封率、载药量以及粒径为因变量,进行3因素5水平的星点设计-效应面法实验,采用荧光探针法测定临界胶束浓度(CMC),并对所制备的胶束制剂进行理化性质和释放行为的评估。结果表明,ETP mPEG-PLA/P123胶束制剂的最优处方工艺如下:mPEG-PLA与P123质量比为38∶62,投药量为5 mg,水化体积为6 mL;采用最优处方制得的混合胶束的包封率为87.4%,载药量为4.19%,粒径为115.6 nm, PDI为0.216,Zeta电位为-16.3 mV;荧光探针法测定的CMC值为1.7×10~(-3 )g/L,mPEG-PLA/P123胶束稳定性良好;体外释放实验中,依托泊苷可从胶束中缓慢而持续地释放,在48 h内释放量可达80%。采用优化处方制得的ETP mPEG-PLA/P123纳米混合胶束,能显著增加依托泊苷的溶解度,胶束制剂稳定性好,且有一定的缓释作用,可为进一步拓宽依托泊苷新型制剂的应用范围提供理论依据。     

离子交联法制备氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖微球

以壳聚糖为药用载体,5-氟尿嘧啶为模型药物,三聚磷酸钠为离子交联剂,采用离子交联法制备壳聚糖微球制剂,考察处方和工艺因素对载药微球形态、包封率及体外释放行为的影响;采用扫描电镜、粒度分析仪和红外光谱对微球结构进行表征。结果表明:5-氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖微球的包封率可达到77.8%,平均粒径为6.4μm,30 min时体外突释为21.3%,48 h以内的累积释药率为77.0%,缓释作用明显。     

姜黄素PLGA-PEG-PLGA胶束的制备及理化性质研究

本文以膜透析法制备载药胶束,研究了载体材料用量、药物投入量、透析时间、溶剂等对胶束的载药量、包封率及粒径的影响。对所制得胶束的理化性质如粒径分布、微观形态及体外释放进行了研究。采用UV法研究姜黄素溶液对照和姜黄素载药胶束的体外释放,对其释放曲线进行拟合。结果显示采用膜透析法制备的PLGA PEG PLGA载药胶束,平均粒径26.29 nm,包封率(70.03±0.34)%,载药量(6.4±0.02)%。姜黄素对照溶液和姜黄素胶束体外释放分别符合双指数双相动力学模型。     

青蒿素脂质体的制备及性能研究

目的:通过对青蒿素脂质体的处方和制备工艺研究,研制高包封率和稳定的脂质体。方法:采用乙醇注入法制备脂质体,以正交实验优化处方,测定了脂质体中药物的包封率,并初步考察了脂质体的稳定性。结果:优化处方与工艺所得脂质体形态均匀,包封率大于85%,载药量达27.22%,粒径约为90 nm,Zeta电位约为-68.4 mV,具有良好的稳定性。结论:乙醇注入法制备脂质体工艺简便,包封率高,制备的脂质体稳定好。     

5-氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖纳米微球的制备及表征

壳聚糖(CS)作载体,与三聚磷酸钠(TPP)和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)发生离子交联反应,制备具有缓释效能的5-氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖纳米微球,并以微球载药量、颗粒大小为指标设计优化了其制备方法,考察不同因数水平对微球的载药量的影响。用傅立叶红外光谱表征了其结构,用激光散射粒径仪测得微球的平均粒径为143~212 nm。氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖微球最大载药量为48.3%,在pH 7.1磷酸盐缓冲溶液中对氟尿嘧啶的缓释作用明显,释放周期较长,药物含量越大,药物从微球中释放出来的速率越快,可作为靶向药物控释体系。     

载羟基喜树碱叶酸-壳聚糖微球制备及其缓释性

以羟基喜树碱为药物模型,壳聚糖为药物载体,叶酸为肿瘤靶向配体,利用静电相互作用的原理,通过离子交联法合成载羟基喜树碱的叶酸-壳聚糖(FA-CTS/HCPT)微球.利用动态光散射、扫描电镜、以及红外等技术对微球的结构、平均粒径及粒径分布、形态特征、对药物的包封率及载药量、体外释放等特点进行了初步研究.结果表明,所制得的微球平均粒径为32.65μm.扫描电镜下观察其形态圆整,大小均匀,无粘连.对羟基喜树碱包封率最高为90.9%,载药量为20.9%.在人工胃液pH值1.2及人工小肠液pH值6.8条件下具有很好的缓释作用且无突释现象.     

壳聚糖载药微球的研制

采用乳化交联法制备壳聚糖载 5 -氟尿嘧啶微球 .研究了乳化剂 ,有机分散介质、交联反应时间、戊二醛用量、壳聚糖浓度和 5 -氟尿嘧啶浓度对微球性能的影响 ,结果表明 :当以苯甲酸乙酯为有机分散介质 ,Span - 80用量 2ml,交联反应 90min ,戊二醛用量 2ml,壳聚糖浓度 1% ,5 -氟尿嘧啶浓度1%时 ,所制壳聚糖微球粒径 10～ 5 0 μm ,载药率为 19.7% ,包药率 5 2 .3% ,为黄褐色致密球体 .     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.