烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

锥蜗杆传动节点角的求解及解的分析

出了求解锥蜗杆传动节点角的新公式,并以节点角最佳取值范围图作为设计的依据.采用这种方法设计出的锥蜗杆传动既具有最佳的啮合性能,又具有良好的加工工艺性.     

有界域上具有离散全纯核的积分公式与-方程

通过引进向量函数和实参数,构造了有界域上的一个更一般性的局部全纯的σ点有限的单位分解和核函数,建立了具有离散全纯核的Cauchy-Leray积分公式,并利用该公式讨论了-方程的具有离散全纯核的解.     

不锈钢管材弯曲成形回弹预测模型研究

为提高管材弯曲成形回弹预测精度,对回弹预测模型构建进行了研究.在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢管材拉伸实验的基础上,提出并建立了分段非线性σ-ε模型,进而利用弹塑性变形理论构建了基于σ-ε关系的回弹预测模型,推导了回弹近似计算公式,并且对回弹影响因素进行了分析研究.实验结果表明,回弹预测结果与实验数据吻合较好,验证了理论分析的正确性和模型的有效性.     

未知方差下回归系数常用估计的可容许性

假设一个”维随机向量Y服从正态分布N(β，σ^2In)。在二次损失下，当n≥3和σ^2已知时，Stein在1956年指出Y不是β的容许估计，这是统计判决理论中一个著名的结果，成平在1982年对Stein结果给出了一个有趣的补充，他证明了当σ^2未知时，Y是β的容许估计。这篇文章是成平结果的一般化，即在一个宽广的分布类中，证明了当方差未知时，回归系数最小二乘估计是容许的。这表明当方差未知时，回归系数最小二乘估计是一个适合的估计。     

σ-集体正规空间的无限乘积性质

证明了如下结果:(1)如果X=∏τ∈∑Xτ是λ-超仿紧空间,则X是σ-集体正规空间当且仅当F∈∑ω,X=∏τ∈∑Xτ是σ-集体正规空间。(2)设X=∏i∈ωXi是可数仿紧的,则下列三条等价:X是σ-集体正规的;F∈[ω]ω,X=∏i∈FXi是σ-集体正规的;n∈ω,∏i≤nXi是σ-集体正规的。     

基于跳—扩散过程的组合期权定价

Black-Schole期权定价模型成功解决了有效市场下欧式期权定价问题,但是研究者必须考虑现实金融市场中所面临的问题.本文在股票支付连续红利率ρ（t）、波动率σ（t）、无风险利率r（t）的情况下,建立支付连续红利率服从跳过程的期权定价模型,并利用鞅论和随机分析的方法给出了组合期权的定价公式.     

宽带Σ-Δ波形产生器中器件速率对信号频谱的影响

阐述了宽带Σ-Δ波形产生器的基本原理,并在此基础上分析了高速器件速率对实际信号波形带来的失真,以及对宽带Σ-Δ波形产生器中信号频谱的影响,建立了相应的数学模型和公式推导,进行了频谱分析和比较.仿真结果表明,高速器件速率会给信号的频谱带来一定程度的失真,使带内信号高端部分产生衰减,信噪比降低.     

简单双线性时间序列模型参数的矩法估计及其渐近分布

本文研究简单双线性时间序列模型ｘｔ＝ｅｔ＋ｂｅｔ－１ｘｔ－１，｜ｔ｜＝１，２…参数ｂ和σ２的矩估计问题，证明估计量的渐近正态性。     

樊庄北部3号煤层现今应力场分布数值模拟

为了制定针对樊庄区块北部煤层气井区3号煤层的有效缝网改造措施,利用工区二维地震资料对石炭系二叠系的构造样式及断层特征进行解释,在此基础上,利用压裂法、成像测井及有限元数值模拟方法对山西组3号煤层现今应力场特征进行研究。结果表明,3号煤层主应力满足σ_H > σ_v > σ_h,各主应力随深度的增加而增加,σ_v、σ_H及σ_h的应力梯度分别为0.025 MPa/m、0.018 MPa/m及0.013 MPa/m。3号煤层的σ_H及σ_h均略高于其顶底板砂泥岩地层1.0~2.5 MPa,这种应力特征易造成压裂穿层,缝高难于控制;3号煤层σ_H-σ_h为2.0~6.0 MPa,且随深度增加而增加,这是造成工区埋深相对较浅的煤层压裂效果较好、产气量相对较高的重要原因。研究区现今地应力方向在SN及NNE之间,与喜马拉雅中晚期构造挤压运动相关。有限元模拟显示,煤储层应力场平面分布特征受控于埋深、岩性、褶皱及断层等因素。3号煤层σ_H为15.6~21.0 MPa;σ_h为12.5~16.0 MPa,预测结果与实测值相符。     

关于σ—矩阵的性质的结构特征

利用n-循环置换给出了σ－矩阵的定义,σ－矩阵是循环矩阵的一种推广,讨论了σ－矩阵环的代数性质和σ－矩阵的结果特征,利用循环矩阵和排列矩阵的性质,得到了σ－矩阵的多项式表示,最后求得了σ－矩阵的所有特征值,特征向量。