3,6-位不对称二取代咔唑衍生物的合成研究

以咔唑为主要合成原料,通过N-烷基化、付克酰基化、硝化以及付克烷基化等反应合成了两个结构新颖的3,6-位不对称二取代咔唑衍生物.探讨了原料摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度及反应时间等因素对反应的影响,得到最佳反应条件:(1)傅克酰基化反应:n(N-乙基咔唑)∶n(三氯化铝)∶n(乙酰氯)=1∶1.2∶1.5,反应温度室温,反应时间4 h,产品收率82%;(2)硝化反应:n(N-乙基咔唑)∶n(65%硝酸)=1∶1.15,反应温度5~10℃,反应时间2 h,产品收率89%;(3)傅克烷基化反应:n(3-乙酰基-N-乙基咔唑)∶n(氯化锌)∶n(叔丁基氯)=1∶1.5∶1.5,反应温度室温,反应时间12 h,产品收率64%.所得产品结构经FTIR1、H NMR1、3C NMR、及MS表征.     

四苯基对苯二酚双磷酸酯的合成与应用研究

用三氯氧磷与苯酚反应制得磷酸三苯酯（TPP）,再由TPP与对苯二酚反应制得四苯基对苯二酚双磷酸酯．采用单因素法分别对物料比、反应温度、催化剂进行讨论,确定了适宜的工艺条件：磷酸三苯酯（TPP）与对苯二酚物质的量之比为2．1：1,第一步反应温度为130～140℃,反应时间为0．5h;第二步反应温度为160～170℃,反应时间为0．5h;催化剂为无水三氯化铝,产品收率达92％．产品经红外光谱验证,与四苯基对苯二酚双磷酸酯的特征峰完全一致;通过热重分析表明产品耐热性能良好;且经过技术质量指标检测,产品的外观、酸值、粘度、磷含量等技术质量指标均达到国外同类产品标准．     

麻疯树油制备生物柴油工艺研究

文章以经过溶剂脱酸预处理的麻疯树油、甲醇为原料,在氢氧化钠催化作用下,研究了通过转酯化反应制备生物柴油工艺并确定了最佳工艺条件。试验依次考察了催化剂用量、反应温度、醇油摩尔比及反应时间对脂肪酸甲酯产品（即生物柴油）得率的影响。试验结果表明,最佳转酯化反应条件为：氢氧化钠用量为麻疯树油重量的1％,反应温度为50℃,醇油摩尔比为6：1,反应时间为60min。在此条件下脂肪酸甲酯产品得率为87．2％。     

辛烷基葡糖苷的合成研究

采用正交试验法确定了直接苷化法合成辛烷基糖苷的反应条件 .实验表明选择温度1 0 0 - 1 1 0℃ ,压力 8.0 - 9.0KPa ,醇 /糖摩尔比为 3∶1为最佳反应条件 .另外 ,还相应确定了产品脱醇和漂白的适宜条件 ,并对产品生物降解等性能作了测定     

马铃薯淀粉转糖苷化合成十二烷基糖苷

以马铃薯淀粉、乙二醇、十二醇为原料,在酸性催化剂的催化作用下通过转糖苷化法合成十二烷基糖苷,探讨了醇(十二醇)糖比对反应的影响,确定了反应的最佳醇糖比为1∶1(摩尔比),产品粗产率为156%,残醇量为3.9%.通过测试,所得产品的最大表面张力为25.8N/m、HLB值为13.2,并且产品的起泡性、泡沫稳定性及乳化稳定性均较佳.     

1,4-二(氯乙酰基)哌嗪的合成

以无水哌嗪和氯乙酰氯为主要起始原料,无水碳酸钠为缚酸刺,水为溶剂,经酰化反应得到1,4-二(氯乙酰基)哌嗪,并对反应的工艺参数进行了优化.最佳反应条件是:n(无水哌嗪)∶n(氯乙酰氯)=1∶2.2,反应温度-6℃,反应60 min,产品收率为83.9%.经1HNMR和MS分析确定产品结构与目标产物相符.     

2-[3-(1,3-二氧戊烷-2-基)-1-羟丙基苯基]-2-甲基丙酸乙酯的合成研究

研究了 2 - [3- ( 1 ,3-二氧戊烷 - 2 -基 ) - 1 -羟丙基苯基 ]- 2 -甲基丙酸乙酯的合成 .丙烯醛与乙二醇溴化氢溶液反应制得 2 - ( 2 -溴乙基 ) - 1 ,3-二氧戊烷 ,适宜的反应条件为 :反应温度 5～ 1 0℃ ,反应时间 5～ 6h.2 - ( 2 -溴乙基 ) - 1 ,3-二氧戊烷与 2 - ( 4 -甲酰基苯基 ) - 2 -甲基丙酸乙酯进行格氏反应制得目标产品 .制格氏试剂时反应温度 30～ 40℃ ,反应时间 2 h;格氏反应温度不超过 2 5℃ ,反应时间2 0 min.产品合成总收率 5 4 .5 % ,产品结构经 IR谱、1HNMR谱等确证 .     

4-乙基-1-羟基-2,3-双氧哌嗪的合成研究

通过1-羟基哌嗪合成工艺的研究,确定了4-乙基-1-羟基-2,3-双氧哌嗪的合成路线。用正交试验考察了物料配比、反应温度和反应时间等因素对反应的影响,得出了最佳的反应条件,产品收率可达74.38%。通过熔点测定、IR和1HNMR分析等手段,对4-乙基-1-羟基-2,3-双氧哌嗪进行了分析。     

硫氢化钠合成新工艺的研究

以硫化钡,硫化钠和硫酸为反应物,一步制得硫氢化钠水溶液。考察了反应物物质的量的比例、反应时间、反应温度对合成工艺的影响。结论是,在物质的量比为1:1:1、反应时间为120min、反应温度在25℃～30℃之间时,可制得符合工业要求的硫氢化钠水溶液产品,其浓度可以达到33%以上。     

1-甲基-3-烷基咪唑/AlCl3催化合成反丁烯二酸二甲酯

研究了顺丁烯酸酐和甲醇在1-甲基-3-烷基咪唑/AlCl3催化作用下,经异构化和酯化反应合成反丁烯二酸二甲酯化合物。用统计序贯实验设计方法对合成过程进行了优化。开发了一条产品收率高,与盐酸、三氯化钕等催化工艺相比具有无腐蚀、无污染、价廉等优点的制备工艺。实验结果表明,1-甲基-3-烷基咪唑/AlCl3催化剂具有异构化和酯化两种催化作用,省去了以顺丁烯二酸酐为原料先制备富马酸中间产品的过程,反应条件温和,操作简便,一步法即可得到产品,其纯度为99.4%。最佳工艺条件为:催化剂用量与顺丁烯二酸酐摩尔比为0.17∶1、甲醇与顺丁烯二酸酐摩尔比为4.01∶1、反应温度为93.0℃、反应时间为5.0小时。在实验条件下,反丁烯二酸二甲酯的收率达到90%。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.