Removal of Organic Pollutants in Municipal Wastewater for Artificial Groundwater Recharge

IntroductionChina is a developing country with about onefifth of the world's population. Rapid economicdevelopment in China has created the need toimprove the country's infrastructure,notably withrespect to freshwater availability in the dry andsemi- arid regions in northern China. More than30 0 of China's 60 0 cities suffer from watershortages totalling about6× 1 0 9m3annually,whilemost of the rivers,lakes,and reservoirs arepolluted to some degree. Except for some inlandrivers and large re…     

土壤基质对回灌水的净化效果

在水资源管理体系中,人工地下水回灌是实现水资源再生的有效途径。介绍了城市污水人工地下水回灌技术的基础理论与发展现状。利用在北京市高碑店污水处理厂内的建立的人工地下水回灌示范工程,初步研究了城市污水处理厂二级出水经深度处理后进行地下水回灌对地下水水质的影响。引入钠吸附比表征回灌水在渗滤过程对土壤结构的影响。研究结果表明:土壤非饱和带对可溶解性有机碳(DOC)、氨氮(NH_4~ -N)、UV-254表征的有机物有良好的去除效果,对回灌水中可吸附有机卤化物(AOX)的去除率很低。     

Activated Carbon Adsorption Properties of the Residual Matters in Textile Dyeing and Printing Secondary Effluent

The research employed the adsorption isotherm measurement, the batch kinetic adsorption and the rapid small-scalecarbon column test （RSSCT） to find out the characteristics and main impacting factors of＇granular activated carbon （GAC） adsorption, in treating the textile dyeing-printing/polyester alkali de-weighting secondary effluent （TSE）. The adsorption affinities and capacities for the organics surrogated by CODCr, color and UV254 （UV absorbency-at λ= 254 nm） predicted by isotherm, small- seale-fixed bed were discussed. ＇Adsorption rates for CODCr, color and UV254 are much different and carbon particle size dependent. The color adsorption rate and capacity should be taken as the main consideration factors in designing bioactivated carbon filter（BACF）. The breakthrough of GAC adsorption column is mainly influenced by the low MW readily adsorbable organics in TSE. UV254, is a good adsorption breakthrough indicator. The study provides references for BACFs＇ design and operation control in textile secondary effluent （TSE） tertiary treatment.     

Enriched Oxygen BAC Method in Advanced Treatment of Textile Dyeing-printing & Alkali-peeling Wastewater

IntroductionWith increasing application of polyester deweightingtechniques in Chinese textile plants , a great deal of alkali-peeling waste streams containing high strength recalcitrantorganic matters and waste alkali are discharged . Thesealkali-peeling waste streams are normally mixly treated withdying-printing wastewater by physi-chemical pretreat mentcombined with anaerobic-aerobic bio-treat ment processes .But effluents emitted by most textile plants in China areal ways beyond dischargin…     

Fate of secondary effluent dissolved organic matter during soil-aquifer treatment

The reduction of mass and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its fractions from secondary effluent during laboratory-scale soil-aquifer treatment (SAT) soil columns were studied. Reduction in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), absorbance of ultraviolet light at 254 nm (UV-254), biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) and nonbiodegradable dis- solved organic carbon (NBDOC) for the bulk DOM averaged 72.35%, 53.98%, 97.49% and 35.33% across the soil columns, respectively. Using XAD-8 and XAD-4 resins, DOM was fractionated into 3 fractions: hydrophobic acid (HPO-A), transphilic acid (TPI-A) and hydrophilic fraction (HPI). HPO-A was removed by 61.06%, TPI-A by 54.86% and HPI by 74.95% as DOC as a consequence of the laboratory-scale SAT, respectively. The reduction of THMFP from HPO-A, TPI-A and HPI was 27.24%, 26.24% and 36.08%, respectively. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra revealed that the HPO-A isolated from the secondary effluent contained more aromatic functional groups than the corresponding TPI-A. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum analysis illustrated that TPI-A had decreased hydrocarbon and increased aromatics content in the SAT columns. Specific ultraviolet light absorbance (SUVA) and specific THMFP for each DOM fraction increased across the soil columns and HPI exhibited greater increase in both than HPO-A and TPI-A. The most problematic THM precursor was found to be HPO-A with its high quantity present in recharged water and high chlorine reactivity.     

用于地下回灌的城市污水臭氧处理

为回用城市污水 ,以缓解我国水资源日益短缺的紧张局面 ,研究了臭氧对典型城市二级生化出水 (北京高碑店污水处理厂 )中有机物的去除效果。对以 AOX表征的有机物 ,臭氧与之的直接反应和间接反应的去除率存在限值 ,直接反应的最大去除率可达 2 4% ,间接反应的最大去除率可达 3 8%。间接反应中 ,NO-2 、细菌、苯系物优先与臭氧反应 ,AOX、DOC反应慢 ,臭氧去除 AOX是氧化卤素原子的脱卤作用。二级生化出水经臭氧处理后 ,还可以有效去除细菌 ,并破坏大分子及苯环 ,从而提高了水的可生化降解性。臭氧消耗量为 2 4mg/ L 时 ,再经土壤含水层处理 ,出水 DOC值可达地下水水源标准     

采用组合式强化井灌的人工地下水回灌

利用城市再生水补给地下水是扩大地下水资源存储量、缓解水资源短缺的有效解决途径。该文通过土壤柱模拟组合式强化井灌系统,并协同臭氧氧化工艺针对城市再生水补给地下水进行研究。实验结果表明:该系统对化学需氧量(COD)的去除率为53%,对UV254的去除率为59%,对磷有较好的固定作用。土壤优先去除易生物降解、非芳香族特征的有机物。臭氧氧化可以改变再生水中有机物的分子结构,提高再生水的可同化有机碳(AOC)值,促进后续土壤对有机物的降解作用。     

微污染水源水深度处理工艺去除有机污染物的研究

用Ames试验和GC/MS分析仪对某市自来水厂深度处理工艺(生物陶粒滤池、混凝沉淀、过滤、臭氧氧化、活性炭、氯化消毒)各单元出水及原水(某江水)进行分析,结果显示:原水对TA100菌株和TA98菌株均呈阳性(MR.>2)。陶粒滤池对有机物的去除率为83%,其出水对TA98在5L/皿时MR大于2,对TA98在2.5L/皿时MR大于2。臭氧 活性炭对有机物的去除率为53.4%,出水对TA100呈阴性,对TA98呈阳性。加氯后TA100的致突变活性升高32.2%,但出水仍为阴性。因此,该深度处理工艺可以有效的去除有机污染物,保证饮用水的安全性,为我国大部分水厂改造现有传统水处理提供科学依据。     

地下水人工回注污染物迁移转化饱和流模型

利用污水处理厂二级出水进行的人工地下回注伴随有污染物迁移转化的地质化学及生物化学过程,现存的商业化软件无法模拟。该文以饱和流模型为基础,结合对流-扩散过程、吸附过程及可能的生物降解过程,建立了一个针对地下水人工回注的数学模型。采用有限体积差分并对水浸深度不同的网格采取不同的离散措施,保证在地下水面处的连续性。应用算子分裂技术并设计了一种特殊的迎风差分格式,使得模型求解速度加快。该模型已应用于北京市高碑店污水处理厂人工地下水回注示范工程。     

Pilot Study on Drinking Water Advanced Treatment by GAC-MF System

The pilot pedomance of the combined GAC-MF membrane process for drinking water advanced treatment was described. In the process of GAC adsorption, under the conditions of 20min HRT and 6 m/h filtration rate, the removal efficiencies of UV254 and trichloromethane could reach 40% and 50% respectively and the UV254 and trichloromethane in system effluent was less than 0.015cm^-1 and 5 μg/L respectively. Inthe post MF membrane process, MF membrane effectively retained the particles and bacteria in raw water. The effluentturbidity was less than 0.2 NTU and no bacteria were detectedat all in permeate. A computer-controlled system was employedto control this system. The mcmlrane operating parameters of backwash interval, dtration and flux were studied. The backwash interval of 10-min, 20-min and 60-min wasresearched respectively, and the variation of trans-membrane pressure was also analyzed. Comequently short backwash interval was recommended under the same water consume.     

Pilot Test of Advanced Treatments Combination of Wastewaterfor Groundwater Recharge

IntroductionInterests in artificial groundwater recharge ofreclaimed wastewater have been strengthened inrecent years in response to declining groundwaterlevels,increased vulnerability of surface watersupplies to contamination,opposition to increasedreliance upon surface water supplies and manyother reasons[14 ] .　A demonstration plantwill be builtin Beijing forartificial groundwater recharge with reclaimedwastewater effluent as a showplace and trainingcenter in China.This project was undert…     

慢滤-消毒对二级出水中污染物去除及影响因素

再生水回用是解决水资源危机的重要途径,但是城市污水厂二级出水中仍含有大量的污染物,对人们的身体健康存在着潜在威胁。为保证再生水回用的安全性,本研究通过探究生物膜慢滤-次氯酸钠消毒组合工艺处理污水厂二级出水的方法研究了该工艺对水中的有机物和条件致病菌的去除效能,并对其影响因素进行分析。结果表明,相同滤速下,生物膜慢滤较慢滤对溶解性有机物的去除效果好,滤速为20 cm/h时对DOC的去除效果最佳;生物膜慢滤对富里酸类有机物、微生物副产物类有机物、腐殖酸类有机物的处理效果均比慢滤好;相同滤速下,生物膜慢滤对浊度的去除效果优于慢滤;在NaClO最佳投加量8.0 mg/L（以有效氯浓度计）的条件下,生物膜慢滤-NaClO消毒组合工艺对军团菌、铜绿假单胞菌均有较好的去除效果,且NaClO对于自由悬浮态条件致病菌的去除效果更优;另外,较低pH值和较高水温更有利于NaClO消毒对水中条件致病菌的去除。可见,生物膜慢滤-次氯酸钠消毒工艺可以有效控制二级出水中的有机物和条件致病菌等污染物,可以一定程度上保证再生水回用的安全性。     

Identification of Some AOX Compounds Formed in Wool Chlorination Using Model Chemicals

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深层承压含水层人工回灌条件下地下水中硝酸根的衰减

 收集了某地深层承压含水层人工回灌从2012 年8 月13 日至2013 年1 月16 日的水质数据,研究了回灌过程中地下水中NO₃^- 的衰减。在深层承压含水层中,硝酸根的衰减主要受反硝化作用的影响。讨论了pH 值、电子供体、温度、溶解氧等影响因素,结果表明,在本次回灌过程中,pH 值、电子供体对NO₃^- 的衰减基本没有影响,硝酸根衰减主要受到地下水水温及溶解氧的影响。回灌过程中,由于地下水水温逐渐下降,溶解氧质量浓度逐渐上升,NO₃^- 衰减半衰期经历了一个先保持稳定而后迅速上升的过程。     

上流式生物活性炭滤池沿程TTC-DHA生物活性的研究

采用上流式生物活性炭滤池（UBACF）深度处理纺织废水，讨论了滤池内附着生物膜的测定方法，研究了滤池沿程截留生物膜与附着生物膜活性的大小与变化规律。通过TTC-DHA活性实验检测到生物活性炭BAC经脱膜后炭粒存在对脱氢酶的吸附，吸附量同生物膜的总活性大小与活性炭自身的吸附性能强弱有关。活性炭粒吸附有利于提高滤池内的生物活性，特别是炭粒表面生物膜遭到破坏后，炭粒吸附功能有助于保留部分生物活性。研究发现UBACF顶部的BAC同样存在较高活性，利于滤池内难处理有机物的生物降解去除。     

滹沱河地下水超采区人工回灌的水岩相互作用模拟

人工回灌条件下回灌水与地下水混合带的水岩相互作用是决定地下水水质演化和含水层发生化学堵塞的关键过程。为研究人工回灌对滹沱河地下水超采区水质演化的影响,以石家庄市人工回灌场地为例,利用石津灌渠水作为回灌水源,通过室内实验结合反向水文地球化学模拟揭示回灌层位地表水与地下水混合带的水-岩相互作用机理。结果显示：混合带水的TDS（total dissolved solids）变化特征表现为先增大后缓慢降低,且地表水占比越大、含水介质粒径越细,则其变幅越大;混合带水中主要离子质量浓度变化特征受混合、碳酸平衡、溶解-沉淀、阳离子交换及硝化作用控制,其中K⁺、Ca²⁺、SO₄^2-质量浓度主要受溶解-沉淀作用控制,Na⁺、Cl^-、HCO₃^-、NO₃^-质量浓度主要受混合NO₃^-作用控制,Mg²⁺质量浓度主要受阳离子交换作用...     

Removal of disinfection by-product formation potentials by biologically assisted GAC treatment

The object of this paper is to evaluate the removal of disinfection by-products formation potential by artificially intensified biological activated carbon（BAC） process which is developed on the basis of traditional ozone granular activated carbon （GAC）. The results show that 23.1% of trihalomethane formation potential （THMFP） and 68% of haloacetic acid formation potential （HAAFP） can be removed by BAC, respectively. Under the same conditions, the removal rates of the same substances were 12.2% and 13-25% respectively only by GAC process. Compared with GAC, the high removal rates of the two formed potential substances were due to the increasing of bioactivity of the media and the synergistic capabilities of biological degradation cooperating with activated carbon adsorption of organic compounds. BAC process has some advantages such as long backwashing cycle time, low backwashing intensity and prolonged activated carbon lifetime, etc.     

Pilot Study on Nanofiltration Combined with Ozonation and GAC for Advanced Drinking Water Treatment

IntroductionThe conventional process for surface water treatment,which consists of flocculation, sedimentation and filtrationcurrently, had been applied inproducingdrinkingwater formany years. Although this process can remove turbidityand bacteria in surface water effectively, only about from20% to 30% of natural organic matter ( NOM) can beeliminated. When the purified water is disinfected bychlorination, these NOMs may react with chlorine. As aresult some dis…     

常规滤池改造为活性炭滤池的研究

活性炭吸附作为饮用水深度处理的重要手段,在发达国家早已被广泛的应用。从节省改造投资费用、降低运行成本、节省土地面积等方面考滤,对常规滤池改造为活性炭滤池的方式作了初步的探讨和试验研究。试验采用0.8m、1.5m、2.0m三种炭层厚度的活性炭滤柱过滤澄清池出水,研究各种工艺参数条件下的活性炭滤柱对浊度、铝、CODMn、UV254和藻类的处理效果,为水厂采用活性炭深度处理工艺提供参考和依据。     

试论Haberer水处理工艺的特点及其应用范围

Ｈａｂｅｒｅｒ工艺由上向流轻质滤料技术、再絮凝过滤技术及其载粉末活性炭过滤技术组成，集接触絮凝、过滤及粉末活性吸附为一体，以扩大过滤的原水范围，提高水处理效果，变革了水处理传统工艺．本文分析了其除浊、去除有机物的机理及特点，并提出了其应用范围．