八肽胆囊收缩素抗血清翻转针刺耐受的电生理学研究

动物整体水平研究证实，八肽胆囊收缩素抗血清（ＣＣＫ－ＡＳ）可翻转电针耐受，而ＣＣＫ－ＡＳ本身不影响基础痛阈。本文采用记录神经元放电的方法证明：脑室注射ＣＣＫ－ＡＳ能翻转对长时间电针产生耐受效应的大鼠丘脑束旁核痛兴奋神经元（ＰＥＮ）和痛抑制神经元（ＰＩＮ）的电活动，使电针镇痛效应重新出现。而脑室注射正常兔血清（ＮＲＳ）对产生电针耐受效应的ＰＥＮ和ＰＩＮ的电活动无影响。从细胞水平得到的这一结果与整体水平研究的证据相一致。提示，内源性ＣＣＫ－８参与电针耐受可能是电针镇痛受到拮抗的机制之一。这一发现同时为临床医学实践提供了进一步的依据。     

电针对佐剂性关节炎大鼠炎症局部阿片肽基因表达的影响

以佐剂性关节炎大鼠为炎症痛模型，选择悬钟，昆仑穴位，采用原位杂交组织化学方法，观察电针（ＥＡ）对大鼠炎症局部阿片肽前体物质前阿黑皮素（ＰＯＭＣ）和前脑啡肽原（ＰＥＮＫ）ｍＲＮＡ的表达，结果ＥＡ可以促进炎症局部免疫细胞中ＰＯＭＣ和ＰＥＮＫ ｍＲＮＡ的表达，使阿片肽的合成和释放增加，以实现外周炎症局部的镇痛作用。     

电针对佐剂性关节炎大鼠炎症局部c-fos表达的影响

目的：观察电针（ＥＡ）对炎症痛模型佐剂性关节炎（ＡＡ）大鼠炎症局部ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达的影响,以探讨针刺对炎症痛的外周镇痛机制。方法：以福氏完全佐剂造成炎症痛模型ＡＡ、选取悬钟、昆仑穴ＥＡ治疗,采用免疫组织化学方法检测ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达。结果：ＥＡ可以抑制ＡＡ大鼠炎症局部ｃ－ｆｏｓ的表达。结论：ｃ－ｆｏｓ可能参与了ＥＡ对炎症痛的外周镇痛作用。     

不同间隔时间电针对佐剂性关节炎大鼠炎症局部前阿黑皮素和前脑啡肽原mRNA表达的影响

目的:观察不同间隔时间电针对佐剂性关节炎(AA)大鼠的镇痛效应,以探讨针刺镇痛的最佳间隔时间和作用机制。方法:将96只大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和电针组,每组再分为3 h、6 h、12 h和24 h小组,以Freund’s完全佐剂造成AA大鼠模型,电针选取悬钟和昆仑穴,分别以3 h、6 h、12 h和24 h作为治疗间隔时间,连续治疗6 d,以痛阈、炎症局部前阿黑皮素(POMC)mRNA和前脑啡肽原(PENK)mRNA表达作为观察指标。结果:间隔24 h电针能显著提高AA大鼠的痛阈;不同间隔时间电针均能促进炎症局部POMC mRNA和PENK mRNA的表达。结论:间隔24 h电针可明显提高对AA大鼠的镇痛效应;不同间隔时间电针镇痛效应与促进炎症局部阿片肽基因表达有关。     

Inhibiting pain with pain— A basic neuromechanism of acupuncture analgesia

(i) The structure and function of the meridian (channel and collateral) described by ancient medical doctors may correspond to the blood circulation, nerve control and neurohumoral modulation of modern medicine. (ii) The needling, which can injure the tissue, is a noxious stimulation inducing pain. Acupuncture manipulation, such as lifting and thrusting, twisting and twirling, or electroacupuncture (EA) with the sufferable biggest intensity for patients should be a stronger pain stimulation. The needling sensation of soreness, numbness, distension and heaviness is a deep pain. (iii) There is an intrinsic analgesic system in brain, which centers around the periventricular and periaqueductal grey matter, contains endorphins as possible mediators, goes through the descending inhibition system in medulla oblon-gata, and acts on the gating mechanism in spinal cord. Itcould be producing analgesia while the system is activated. (iv) NRM might be a supraspinal center modulating pain, and the R-S neurons could form a basic circuit of negative feedback modulating pain. The discovery of excitatory-inhibitory reversible R-S neurons may give a neuro-physiological explanation for the double direction modulation of acupuncture at acupoint. (v) Non-noxious stimulation such as massage or stroking could excite type I and n afferent fibers, producing a weaker and transient analgesia through the spinal mechanism. When the acupoint is near the pain area, the afferent information from them could be converged on the same and neighboring spinal segments, the light acupuncture or low intensity of EA also has analgesic effects, showing acupoint specificity. But the acupoint specificity is not limited in a specially designated channel line, and it is closely related to the segment of innervation. (vi) While acupuncture manipulation of lifting and thrusting, twisting and twirling or a high intensity of EA is used, because the intensities of these stimulations exceed the threshold of afferent C fibers, they could fully excite Ⅲ(Aδ) and Ⅳ (C) afferent fibers, producing a strong and lasting analgesia, mainly through the supraspinal negative feedback mechanism modulating pain, it has curative effects. Therefore, the essence of acupuncture analgesia may chiefly be inhibiting pain with pain.     

硬膜外注射吗啡用于下腹部手术后镇痛

目的 观察下腹部术后硬膜外注射吗啡镇痛的疗效。方法 择期下腹部手术病人５１例,待手术缝皮时,经硬膜外导管注射吗啡液（吗啡２ｍｇ加生理盐水１０ｍＬ）用于术后镇痛。结果 注药前后ＨＲ,ＭＡＰ,ＳＰＯ２无显著性并异（Ｐ〉０．０５）;术后２４ｈＶＡＳ显著高于术后４ｈ（Ｐ〈０．０５）,但无临床意义;术后并发恶心呕吐６例,尿潴留２例,瘙痒１例。结论 硬膜外注射吗啡用于腹部手术后镇育取得了良好的疗效,值得推广。     

Effect of nocistatin in pain modulation

Using tail-flick latency as the nociceptive index and von Frey hair to measure the mechanical allodynia, the aim of the present study is to determine whether nocistatin, injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.), would reverse the anti-morphine effect of orphanin FQ (OFQ), and, injected i.c.v. or intrathecally (Lt.), would inhibit the mechanical allodynia in a L5 and L6 spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain in rats. The results show that i.c.v. injection of nocistatin produces no significant changes in the TFL, nor does it affect morphine analgesia. In addition, i.c.v. or i.t. nocistatin produces no significant changes in withdrawal threshold of the nerve-lesioned hind paw. However, nocistatin significantly reverses the antagonistic effect of OFQ on morphine analgesia when it was coinjected i.c.v. with OFQ. The results suggest that nocistatin can reverse the anti-morphine effect of OFQ in rat brain, but cannot inhibit the mechanical allodynia of neuropathic pain in rat brain and spinal cord.     

基于学习的人脸图像超分辨率重构算法

提出了一种新的基于学习的人脸图像超分辨率重构算法,利用高分辨率图像和低分辨率图像的拓扑结构相似性,将现有的低分辨率人脸图像在低分辨率人脸图像字典中展开,在保持系数不变的同时将字典换为高分辨率人脸图像字典,最终得到待重构的高分辨率人脸图像.在系数估计时,使用主成分分析的方法,同时加入了最小全变分作为约束,算法充分利用了不同人脸图像之间的相似性和人脸图像本身的内部相关性.实验结果表明,结果既保持了对原有图像的忠实性,又比较适合人眼观察.     

补肾清肝疏脾法对 2 型糖尿病 SD 大鼠模型肠道菌群改善及 MAPK 信号通路的影响

摘要:目的 本研究拟评估补肾清肝疏脾法对 2 型糖尿病 SD 大鼠模型的治疗作用及其对 MAPK 信号通路的影响。 方法 选用 2 型糖尿病 SD 大鼠模型,分为模型对照组( 对照组,n = 8) 和补肾清肝疏脾法组( 实验组,n = 8) 。实验组大鼠采用蒸馏水制备的中药方剂,对照组和正常饲养组( 空白组,n = 8) 使用 无 菌 水,连 续 灌 胃 6 个 月,然后采集样品,进行肠道菌群、胰高血糖素样肽-1( GLP -1) 、酪酪 肽 ( PYY) 含 量、体 质 量、空 腹 血 糖 ( FBG) 、血 脂及胰岛素分泌指数的分析。 结果 对照组大鼠 肠 道 内 双 歧 杆 菌 和 乳 酸 杆 菌 显 著 降 低、而 粪 肠 球 菌 及 大 肠 杆菌有明显的增加。 使用补肾清肝疏 脾 法 对 大 鼠 进 行 治 疗 后, Western bolt 结 果 显 示,糖 尿 病 模 型 大 鼠 肠 道 的GLP -1 含量较治疗前有显 著 性 差 异。 ELISA 结 果 显 示,空 白 组 与 对 照 组 大 鼠 相 比, PYY 含 量 未 见 显 著 性 变化;而实验组大鼠其含量增加显 著。 实 验 组 大 鼠 的 血 糖、血 脂、 HOMA-β、体 质 量 与 对 照 组 相 比,在 3 个 月、6个月均有显著性差异。 结论 补肾清肝疏脾法可控制糖尿病的发展,其作用 机 制 可 能 是 通 过 改 善 肠 道 菌 群、GLP -1 和 PYY 含量进行的。     

琥珀酰CCK—7对小鼠记忆的影响

琥珀酰ＣＣＫ－７是对ＣＣＫ－８进行分子改构后获得的一种新药，本实验以一次被动回避反应模型观察比较了这种改构物与ＣＣＫ－８对小鼠记忆巩固过程的影响，同时探讨了ｓｕｃ－ＣＣＫ－７影响记忆过程的剂量－效应关系以及时相－效应关系。结果表明：（１）ｓｕｃ－ＣＣＫ－７促进记忆的有效剂量为１００－２００μｇ／ｋｇ，小于１００μｇ／ｋｇ无明显效应。（２）ｓｕｃ－ＣＣＫ－７增强小鼠记忆的效应在电击后４８ｈ最明显，７     

A VIP-containing system concentrated in the lumbosacral region of human spinal cord

Neuropeptides were first localized in the human spinal cord by immunocytochemistry and substance P has been shown, by the same method, to be reduced ipsilaterally in the dorsal horn after limb amputation and bilaterally in the Riley-Day syndrome. Several neuropeptides increasingly fulfil the criteria to establish them as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators, and they may also have trophic actions in the spinal cord. Using radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry, we present here for the first time a quantitative regional distribution and localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P, somatostatin, bombesin and cholecystokinin (CCK-8) in normal postmortem human spinal cord. A comparison of the distribution of these peptides reveals an exceptional pattern for VIP, with relatively much higher levels in the lumbosacral region. Immunocytochemical analysis shows a distinctive distribution of VIP-containing fibres and terminals at the lumbosacral segments. This VIP-containing system may have an important role in the spinal control of urogenital function in man.     

电针对大脑中动脉阻塞大鼠一氧化氮合酶mRNA表达的影响

本课题旨在探讨电针对动物急性脑缺血时神经保护作用的可能机制，由于ＮＯ的作用在脑缺血不同阶段及细胞来源而有所不同，因此，观察了电针对脑缺血后各型ＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ表达的影响，结果表明，针刺可能通过抑制脑缺血后ｎＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ，ｉＮＯＳｍＲＡＮ的过量表达而起到对神经元的保护作用     

Effects of Season, Variety, and Processing Method on Ellagic Acid Content in Pomegranate Leaves*

Ellagic acid （EA） has aroused great interest worldwide owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenetic properties. The EA content in pomegranate leaf was measured in this study using high performance liquid chromatography to investigate the effects of season, variety, and processing method on the EA level. The results show that the EA content in 11 varieties of pomegranate from the Zaozhuang region in China range from 1.30 mg · g^-1 to 6.46 mg · g^-1 of dry weight in five consecutive seasons from June to October. An analysis of variance （ANOVA） shows that the EA content is significantly dependent on the season （p〈0.05）. The EA content increases significantly during the growing season to the highest level in September and October. The effect of the leaf variety on the EA content is less significant than the season. The processing methods have different effects on the EA content. Soaking for 24 hours slightly increases the EA content （p〈0.05）. Heating at 80℃ or 100℃ for 1 h after soaking has little influence on the EA content, while slow-fired cooking at high temperature significantly elevates the EA content （p〈0.05）. To improve quality and stability, several parameters such as leaf collection time, slow-fired cooking, and cooking time should be strictly controlled during the processing of pomegranate leaf tea and its extract.     

腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉在妇科子宫切除术中的应用

目的探讨腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉的优点.方法110例病人随机分2组,CSEA组腰麻硬膜外联合麻醉,EA组硬膜外麻醉.结果CSEA组用药量、起效时间和副反应均好于EA组.结论在子宫切除术中,腰麻-硬膜外联合麻醉优于硬膜外麻醉.     

基因重组碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对大鼠脊髓损伤神经保护作用

目的 :探索碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (bFGF)对大鼠脊髓损伤的神经保护作用 方法 :将吸入bFGF的胶原蛋白海绵或空白海绵贴敷于大鼠脊髓损伤处 ,术后 1、2、3周 ,对大鼠机能进行评分 ,并对大脑运动皮质进行电镜观察分析 结果 :术后 1、2、3周 ,bFGF组大鼠运动评分均明显优于对照组 (Ρ <0 .0 5) ,运动皮质电镜结果显示bFGF组线粒体、内质网轻度肿胀 ,神经毡结构正常 ,无明显胶质细胞增生 程度较对照组明显减轻 结论 :bFGF对大鼠脊髓受损神经纤维起源脑区—运动皮质的神经细胞具有明显的保护作用 ,进而使大鼠运动功能受损明显减轻     

利心煎剂对正常麻醉大白鼠BP,HR及QT间期的影响

目的 观察利心煎剂对正常麻醉大鼠ＢＰ，ＨＲ及ＱＴ间期的。方法 实验用十二指肠直接给予利心煎剂或生理盐水，观察ＢＰ及心图，测量ＨＲ，ＱＴ间期。结果 利心煎剂能显著延长ＱＴ间期，呈明显量效关系。而对ＢＰ及ＨＲ无明显影响。结论 利心煎剂通过延长ＱＴ间期，可用于防治由心肌缺血等原因引起的折返冲动型的心律失常。     

痂囊腔菌素A的溴代反应及产物的光敏活性研究

 研究了痂囊腔菌素A的溴代反应,反应得一溴代和二溴代2个产物.用微生物纸片法分别测定痂囊腔菌素A、一溴代和二溴代物的光敏活性.结果表明溴代产物的光敏活性均增强,尤其是二溴代物明显增强.     

齐墩果酸、鞣花酸与拉米夫定体外联合抗HBV作用研究

为了观察拉米夫定（3TC）分别与齐墩果酸（OA）、鞣花酸（EA）联合应用抗乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的作用,在HepG2．2．15细胞培养液中分别加入适当浓度的3TC、OA、EA、3TC＋OA、3TC＋EA含药培养液,每4d换用含同等药物浓度的新鲜培养液,第8d末取上清液,用ELISA法检测上清液中HbsAg和HbeAg的量,计算各药对HepG2．2．15细胞分泌HbsAg和HbeAg的抑制率,并用金正均Q值法分析联合用药的抗HBV效果．结果表明,3TC与OA合用,对HbeAg的抑制表现为拮抗作用,在低浓度时对HbsAg的抑制为协同作用,其它浓度时均为相加作用．3TC与EA合用,对HbeAg、HbsAg的抑制均呈相加作用,但对HbeAg的相加作用在所取浓度范围内比较稳定（Q值在0．85-0．90之间）,对HbsAg的相加作用则随药物作用浓度的增大而逐渐减弱．     

微囊藻毒素对Hela细胞和Vero细胞的毒性效应

ＭＣＹＳＴ－ＬＲ,ＭＣＹＳＴ－ＲＲ,ＭＣＹＳＴ－ＹＲ稀释后的毒素溶液处理Ｈｅｌａ细胞和Ｖｅｒｏ细胞后得到如下结果：１．３种毒素溶液对培养的Ｈｅｌａ细胞均有明显的抑制作用和毒性作用,其毒性作用与浓度成正比,致死细胞边缘不整齐不规则,细胞呈脱水状态。倒置显微镜下可见细胞变黑无折光性。高浓度毒素溶液（包括ＭＣＹＳＴ－ＬＲ,ＲＲ和ＹＲ３个样品）作用细胞２４ｈ后,细胞完全致死脱落,３个样品间无明显差别;２．     

八角枫对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的治疗作用及毒性

文章通过考察八角枫醇提物、八角枫总碱对佐剂性关节炎(AA)大鼠的治疗作用及毒性,研究八角枫治疗关节炎的有效部位;分别采用足容积法和5级评分法测定大鼠足肿胀度及关节炎指数(AI),采用HE染色法观察大鼠关节和肝脏组织的形态学变化,并作血清常规检测。结果表明,八角枫醇提物、八角枫总碱可明显减轻AA大鼠的足肿胀度,降低其关节炎指数,改善关节的病理学变化。实验证明了八角枫醇提物对AA大鼠的治疗作用较好,且对肝脏无明显毒性。