枸杞多糖的研究与应用

枸杞多糖是枸杞中主要的生物活性成分之一,因具有抗氧化、免疫调节、抗肿瘤等多种功能作用而成为近年来研究的热点。详细介绍了枸杞多糖的制备、生物活性作用及其开发利用现状。枸杞多糖的制备过程包括提取、分离与纯化。提取方法有水提醇沉法、碱液提取法、超声波提取法、微波辅助法等;分离与纯化方法主要有Sevage法、三氯乙酸法、蛋白酶法、活性炭脱色、聚合物-盐双水相系统等,主要是去除多糖中游离蛋白质、色素等杂质,再通过分级沉淀、纤维素离子交换柱层析和凝胶柱层析方法进一步纯化得到单一多糖。此外,还对近年来枸杞多糖在医药、食品、畜牧与饲料等领域的开发利用进行了较详细介绍,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望,旨在为枸杞多糖的进一步研究与开发提供参考。     

茶树花多糖研究进展

茶树花与茶叶同根共生,但往往被视为茶树的废弃物,不能很好地加以利用,从而造成资源的浪费与损失。茶树花含有丰富的活性物质,其中茶树花中的多糖成分与茶叶中含有的多糖成分基本相同,但含量明显高于茶鲜叶。茶树花多糖具有降血糖、抗氧化、免疫调节作用及抗肿瘤、肝保护、抗凝血等多种生物活性,是非常宝贵的新资源食品。茶树花多糖主要的提取方法包括溶剂提取法、酶法提取、微波辅助提取和超声辅助提取法。提取出的茶树花粗多糖,一般需要经过脱蛋白、脱色、色谱柱分离等纯化工艺,得到纯净的茶树花多糖。目前,围绕茶树花多糖的研究报道较少,值得对其进行深入研究。聚焦茶树花这一新资源食品,围绕茶树花多糖的生物活性、提取方法、分离纯化方法等方面进行阐述,以期为研究茶树花及其多糖活性物质的开发利用提供新的研究思路。     

糖脂康多糖的分离与纯化研究

目的:研究糖脂康多糖的提取、分离与纯化方法,并筛选出糖脂康多糖脱蛋白、脱色的最佳方法。方法:采用水提醇沉法提取分离糖脂康多糖,以提取多糖物质多糖损失率、蛋白质去除率为测定指标,分别考察不同实验方法对糖脂康多糖脱蛋白、脱色的影响。结果:三氯乙酸脱蛋白法为糖脂康多糖脱蛋白的最佳方法,活性炭脱色法对糖脂康多糖的脱色效果优于过氧化氢脱色法。结论:糖脂康粗多糖的纯化,脱蛋白、脱色方法的优化为进一步研究糖脂康多糖的生物活性提供了基础。     

甘薯多糖SPP-Ⅰ的制备与结构初步研究

研究采用水提醇沉法提取甘薯粗多糖,进行单因素试验考察,用正交法优化工艺.再经DEAE-纤维素-52阴离子交换柱和Sephadex G200凝胶柱对所得粗多糖进行层析纯化,得到甘薯多糖组分SPP-Ⅰ.应用苯酚硫酸法测定多糖百分含量,HPLC法测定多糖分子质量,紫外光谱、红外光谱、甲基化衍生结合GC-MS分析多糖结构.结果表明甘薯多糖最优提取工艺为提取温度90℃,提取时间3 h,液料比40∶1,提取次数3次.甘薯多糖SPP-Ⅰ总糖百分含量分别为97. 61%,分子质量为245ku,紫外光谱扫描结果显示无核酸和蛋白质吸收峰,红外光谱扫描结果表明含有多糖类物质的特征吸收峰,结合甲基化和GC-MS分析初步确定甘薯多糖SPP-Ⅰ是具有1→3、1→3→6糖苷键结构的α-葡聚糖.     

莪术多糖的分离纯化

研究莪术多糖分离纯化的最佳条件,优化莪术多糖的提取纯化工艺,为进一步探讨莪术多糖的生物活性奠定基础.莪术经热水提取,酒精沉淀,脱色,脱蛋白得粗多糖.粗多糖用50%、75%乙醇分级沉淀得2个级分CZ1、CZ2,进行DEAE-纤维素柱层析.调节DEAE-纤维素的pH值,比较洗脱曲线的不同.CZ1经DEAE-纤维素柱层析得到1个组分,CZ2在酸性、中性条件下层析得2个组分,在碱性条件下得1个组分,随pH升高,回收率降低,纯度增高.各纯化得到的多糖组分经纸层析、琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定为单一成分.实验证明,pH是影响层析的一个重要因素,因此莪术多糖的最佳纯化pH值为7.0.     

白术多糖的研究进展

白术多糖具有多种重要的生物活性和功能,是目前药物开发和研究的热点之一.对白术多糖提取、分离纯化、结构分析和生物活性的研究现状进行综述,并指出研究存在的问题和今后的研究方向.     

虎奶菇中多糖的提取工艺、结构分析和生物活性研究进展

虎奶菇是一种具有大型菌核且营养丰富的食药两用型担子菌,其在民间常被用于治疗哮喘、感冒发烧、胃病等常见病症,具有显著提高人体免疫力的功能。有关虎奶菇中活性物质的研究文献逐年增多,对近年来虎奶菇中的一种活性物质——多糖的提取和纯化技术、结构鉴定方法、生物活性等方面进行了较为详细的总结和概括,可为虎奶菇活性多糖的进一步深入研究和产品开发提供参考。     

双孢蘑菇菇柄中多糖、核酸等成分的提取利用

废弃的双孢蘑菇菇柄富含多糖、核酸等活性物质,应获得更好的开发利用。本文就改进食用菌多糖的提取纯化工艺和简化核酸类物质的提取纯化工艺,采用膜分离技术,获得较高纯度的多糖产品、核酸产品进行了探索。     

薏苡多糖的提取、分离与纯化工艺研究

目的：建立薏苡非种仁部位中多糖的提取、分离和纯化工艺．方法：利用正交设计优化薏苡多糖的提取工艺,用Sevag法和三氯乙酸法脱蛋白．结果：正交设计优选薏苡多糖的提取工艺为12倍量的水提取2次,每次1h;Sevag法和三氯乙酸法均能有效地除去多糖中的蛋白质．结论：本实验为薏苡多糖的提取分离的条件提供了参考,为薏苡的进一步开发研究提供依据．     

仙人掌多糖的超滤膜分离提取及其影响因素

应用不同截留分子质量的超滤膜对仙人掌多糖浸提液进行分离、纯化和浓缩,并分析了超滤压力、超滤温度、纯化时间、料液体积流量、浓缩倍数等对超滤过程的影响,得出了最适宜的操作条件.研究结果表明,当选用截留分子质量为10000 ku的超滤膜、超滤压力为0.20MPa、超滤温度为25℃、料液体积流量控制在0.04~0.05 L/min、浓缩倍数为5~7倍时,粗多糖得率达0.95%.与传统的真空浓缩法相比,超滤浓缩法的粗多糖得率较高,所得多糖的品质也得到了改善,减轻了后续工艺进一步分离纯化多糖的负担.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.