气淬法粒化高炉渣实验研究

为了有效利用高炉渣余热,提高炉渣附加值,采用干式处理方法——气淬法,对高炉渣进行粒化,研究碱度和喷吹气体压力对成珠率、渣珠平均直径和粒径分布的影响规律.结果表明:成珠率随碱度的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,碱度1.2时获得最高成珠率;渣珠的平均直径随碱度的增加先减小后增大,碱度超过1.2后,平均粒径显著增大;随喷吹压力的增加,成珠率呈先增加后减小之后又增加的趋势,压力为0.2MPa时成珠率最高;渣珠平均直径基本呈逐渐减小趋势并且减小趋势变缓;渣珠粒径集中分布在1~2.5mm之间,基本呈正态分布,分布较均匀.     

Effect of Water-Soluble Drug Ionization on the Properties of Emulsion Electrospun Polycaprolactone Nanofibers

Core-shell drug-loaded nanofibers were investigated to reduce adverse effects of drugs and achieve stable storage and also to release drugs continuously. In this study,ultrafine polycaprolactone( PCL) fibers were obtained by emulsion electrospinning and the resulting fiber diameters were in the range of 219-475 nm. The fiber diameter,diameter distribution and its release behaviors varied depending on the type and concentration of the added drug solution.Study demonstrated that conductivity of the drug solution was a major parameter that affected the properties of the drug-loaded nanofibers.     

Disc-Electrospun PCL Nanofiber Formed Micro-patterned Structure Scaffold

Disc-electrospinning using a disc as spinneret and a rotary drum as collector is a novel technology to prepare nanofiber which has been applied in tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, nanofibrous mats with mlcro-patterned structure were fabricated via disc-electrospinning. Poly （ε-eaprolactone） （PCL） was dissolved in trifluoroethanol （TFE） at various concentrations （ 2 %-7 % ） （w/v） for electrospinning and the applied voltage ranged from 40 to 70 kV. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） was employed to observe the morphology of the nanofibrous scaffolds. SEM images illustrated that the nanofibers with beads formed micro-patterned structure such as triangles and other polygons. The average diameter of nanofibers presented various size with the concentration increased from 2% to 7%. The beads on the nanofibers constructed the vertexes of the polygons, while nanofibers bridged between adjacent vertexes. The concentration of solution and applied voltage may be two dominant factors to influence the topological structure of the nanofibrons scaffolds. Cells cultured on the micro-patterned scaffold spread along the edges of the polygons. The scaffold with patterned structure may have a promising application in tissue engineering.     

气淬法制备高炉渣玻璃微珠的性能

通过实验分别检测了高炉渣珠的堆积密度、粒度分布、化学侵蚀性、筒压强度和表观特性.结果表明,堆积密度随粒径的增加先增加后减小,0.3~1mm粒径范围内渣珠堆积密度最大,并且渣珠粒径主要集中在0.30~1.0mm之间,成珠率较高;渣珠不耐酸,在同一侵蚀溶液中,粒径较大的渣珠的抗侵蚀能力强于粒径较小的渣珠;粒径越小,渣珠筒压强度越大,渣珠承受压力的能力越强;高炉渣珠表面光滑平整,呈圆球状,粒径大小均匀;由于渣珠气淬的冷却速率较快,渣珠非晶相含量较高,当渣珠粒径<0.30mm时,XRD曲线变为馒头峰,基本不再有晶相析出,矿相变为非晶相.     

用电纺法制备的BiFeO_3纳米纤维及其结构和形态研究

本实验以硝酸铋和硝酸铁为原料,由溶胶凝胶法制得纯相BiFeO3(BFO)溶胶,再利用电纺方法将溶胶成功制备成为纳米纤维.X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明样品为纯相BFO,结晶性能良好.SEM观察结果表明:电纺法制备BFO纳米纤维的最佳条件为溶胶-凝胶法制备的BFO前驱体溶液与等体积的0.6 g/mL PVP乙醇溶液混合后的溶液浓度,电压值采用25 kV.在最佳条件下电纺得到的纳米纤维连续、光滑、直径均匀,无珠状物和粘连现象出现,纤维直径退火前为1.1～1.3 um,退火后为333～434 nm.     

Nanosize Effects on Structural and Electrlcal Properties of Conjugated Polymer Nanowires

1 Introduction Conjugated polymer nanofibers (nanowires,nanotubes,nanorods) are promising as building-blocks for many applications,such as bio- and chemical sensors and drug release,field emission or electrochromic displays,nanodevices,and nano OLEDs.Understanding the mechanisms responsible for their unique electrical,optical and electrochemical properties is thus a foremost point.Here,we report for the first time on a systematic study with the diameter of the electrical properties in Poly(3,4-ethylened...     

Carmofur/PLA-PEG微球制备及其对包封率的影响

以开环聚合制备的聚乳酸-聚乙二醇（PLA-PEG）共聚物具有优良的生物相容性，广泛应用于药物载体．将其作为壁材用相分离法制备含抗癌药Carmofur的PLA-PEG微球，研究了共聚物质量浓度、油水体积比、油相和水相的温度、共聚物的特性粘数、表面活性剂的用量等因素对药物包封率的影响，并进行了体外药物释放的测试．     

基于声发射技术的液固体系颗粒粒径测量

基于声发射技术的颗粒测量方法具有非侵入、安装便利、可实时在线测量等优点.搭建了一套液固体系声发射信号测量装置,采用宽带声发射传感器和高速采集卡采集水-玻璃微珠的液固体系声发射信号.运用Welch算法计算3种粒径的玻璃微珠的功率谱估计,结果表明:不同粒径下,两相体系中玻璃微珠的质量浓度均和功率谱估计面积有良好的线性关系,且就粒径和质量浓度相较而言,颗粒粒径对功率谱估计的影响更大;利用FLUENT软件模拟计算出颗粒碰撞壁面的速度,通过对基于Hertz-Zener理论的预测频谱和实测信号功率谱估计的分析比较,采用最小二乘方法估算出玻璃微珠的粒径,其结果和实际平均粒径较为接近,表明该方法用于颗粒粒径测量的可行性和有效性.     

阿昔洛韦/赖氨酸壳聚糖纳米粒的理化性质考察

考察阿昔洛韦/赖氨酸壳聚糖纳米粒的理化性质。利用激光粒度分析仪、透射电镜、扫描电镜、高效液相色谱仪等测定载药纳米粒的形态、粒径、包封率和载药量,并考察载药纳米粒的体外释放行为。考察结果,微球呈类圆形,具有明显的核壳;载药的粒子平均粒径大小为107.96 nm;包封率为(61.24±0.68)%;载药量为(15.36±0.65)%;体外释放符合Higuchi模型。结论:阿昔洛韦/赖氨酸壳聚糖纳米粒理化性能具有良好的稳定性,符合实验设计要求。     

口服胰岛素缓释微球的制备

用液中干燥法制备胰岛素的丙烯酸树脂缓释微球，利用扫描电镜和紫外光谱考察了内相聚合物浓度和搅拌速度对微球粒径和药物包封率的影响，结果表明，随着搅拌速度的增加和内相聚合物浓度的减小，微球粒径减小，药物包封率有所增加。此外，温度、投药量、分散剂对成球有一定的影响。最后，对缓释微球中胰岛素含量进行了测定。     

玻璃微珠改性超高分子量聚乙烯的耐热性能

采用中空玻璃微珠改性超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE),提高其耐热性。研究了经偶联剂处理前后玻璃微珠质量分数对UHMWPE/玻璃微珠复合材料维卡软化温度的影响,并对维卡软化温度所呈现的趋势进行了机理假设与分析;对复合材料各种性能进行测试和表征。结论表明:玻璃微珠、UHMWPE、偶联剂共同组成贯穿网络,使UHMWPE的耐热性得到提高;这种网络增加了非晶区内的缠结点密度,使材料的断裂伸长率和冲击强度提高;另外,适量的玻璃微珠能够起到异相成核作用,一定程度上增加了UHMWPE的结晶度。     

聚合物/无机粒子复合材料的隔声理论模型

应用声学原理分析了无机粒子填充聚合物复合材料的隔声行为，以更深入地揭示其隔声机理．在此基础上，建立了相关的数学模型，并预测了玻璃微珠填充聚乙烯复合材料的隔声性能．结果显示：隔声量与微珠体积分数之间呈线性关系；在较低的噪声频率下，隔声量对噪声频率的敏感性较强；当微珠含量一定时，隔声量随着微珠粒径的增加而下降．声波遇到粒子时发生反射、散射和折射等行为是复合材料隔声性能提高的主因．     

静电纺丝制备复合纳米纤维聚丙烯腈/纳米纤维素晶体/银及其性能

采用静电纺丝技术, 以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂, 聚丙烯腈为载体, 制备复合纳米纤维聚丙烯腈/纳米纤维素晶体/银, 并用Fourier变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、 透射电子显微镜（TEM）、 扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、 差热 热重分析（TG-DTG）和X射线衍射（XRD）等方法对复合纳米纤维的化学结构、 形貌、 热稳定性和晶体结构进行表征. 结果表明： 聚丙烯腈、 纳米纤维素晶体和银纳米粒子有机结合形成复合纳米纤维聚丙烯腈/纳米纤维素晶体/银; 复合纳米纤维的尺寸均匀, 平均直径为（214±12）nm, Ag纳米粒子在复合纳米纤维体系中均匀分布, 粒径为5~25 nm; 该复合纳米纤维对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌性能优异.     

叶酸修饰pH响应壳聚糖衍生物胶束的制备及性能表征

制备了叶酸（FA）、胆固醇琥珀酸单酯（CHS）共修饰的羟丙基壳聚糖衍生物（CHS-HPCHS-FA）,该衍生物在水中能够自组装形成粒径为200~400nm的胶束。研究了疏水片段CHS的取代度对胶束的临界胶束浓度、粒径、载药及释药性能的影响,分析了胶束pH响应控释药物的机理,结果表明,疏水片段取代度高的产物,其临界胶束浓度较低,形成的胶束粒径较小,载药效率较高。体外溶出结果显示,载药胶束在pH5.5条件下释药速率明显比pH7.4条件下更快,体现了pH响应控释药物的效果。体外细胞毒性实验结果表明,胶束的生物相容性较好,且叶酸修饰的载药胶束可增强肿瘤细胞的摄取,细胞毒性明显增大。     

微圆管中纳微米聚合物流动规律

 针对低渗透油藏储集层孔道微细、孔隙结构复杂等特点,采用管径为20、15、10 μm的微圆管,以纳微米聚合物颗粒溶液为流动介质,研究微圆管中流体微观流动规律,分析纳微米聚合物颗粒溶液的实验流速与压力梯度的关系,研究纳微米聚合物颗粒溶液在窄小孔道中微尺度效应下的微观流动规律,明确在微管内所受微观力和流体动力学特性。研究表明：随着微管内径的逐渐减小,纳微米聚合物溶液的流速均明显减小;随着纳微米聚合物颗粒尺寸和溶液质量浓度的增加,流体流速逐渐降低;实验压力范围内,纳微米聚合物流速与压力梯度基本呈线性关系;微管管径越小,颗粒粒径越大,非达西流动特征越显著。     

Bead movement by single kinesin molecules studied with optical tweezers

Kinesin, a mechanoenzyme that couples ATP hydrolysis to movement along microtubules, is thought to power vesicle transport and other forms of microtubule-based motility. Here, microscopic silica beads were precoated with carrier protein, exposed to low concentrations of kinesin, and individually manipulated with a single-beam gradient-force optical particle trap ('optical tweezers') directly onto microtubules. Optical tweezers greatly improved the efficiency of the bead assay, particularly at the lowest kinesin concentrations (corresponding to approximately 1 molecule per bead). Beads incubated with excess kinesin moved smoothly along a microtubule for many micrometres, but beads carrying from 0.17-3 kinesin molecules per bead, moved, on average, only about 1.4 microns and then spontaneously released from the microtubule. Application of the optical trap directly behind such moving beads often pulled them off the microtubule and back into the centre of the trap. This did not occur when a bead was bound by an AMP.PNP-induced rigor linkage, or when beads were propelled by several kinesin molecules. Our results are consistent with a model in which kinesin detaches briefly from the microtubule during a part of each mechanochemical cycle, rather than a model in which kinesin remains bound at all times.     

姜黄素PLGA-PEG-PLGA胶束的制备及理化性质研究

本文以膜透析法制备载药胶束,研究了载体材料用量、药物投入量、透析时间、溶剂等对胶束的载药量、包封率及粒径的影响。对所制得胶束的理化性质如粒径分布、微观形态及体外释放进行了研究。采用UV法研究姜黄素溶液对照和姜黄素载药胶束的体外释放,对其释放曲线进行拟合。结果显示采用膜透析法制备的PLGA PEG PLGA载药胶束,平均粒径26.29 nm,包封率(70.03±0.34)%,载药量(6.4±0.02)%。姜黄素对照溶液和姜黄素胶束体外释放分别符合双指数双相动力学模型。     

利福平Si02纳米微球制备及影响因素的研究

目的,研究纳米SiO2微球组分及制备影响因素、微球表征以及利福平纳米微球的释放效果。方法：1)正交试验选出制备纳米SiO2微球各因素的最佳水平组合;2)乳化剂挥发法制备利福平纳米SiO2微球,并考察和表征其粒径大小、载药量和包封率等指标。3)利福平纳米二氧化硅微球释放评价试验。结果显示：最佳水平组合为A1B3C3D3,即纳米Si02粒径10nm、PLA 80mg/ml、明胶40mg/ml和二氯甲烷:丙酮=2:2。制备的利福平纳米SiO2微球外观圆整,大小均匀,粒径可控。影响载药量因素最主要为聚乳酸含量,其次为两种溶剂(疏水与亲水)的比例,然后是孔径和稳定剂的含量。结论：该方法制备的利福平纳米SiO2微球其载药量、包封率均在60%以上,且体外释放稳定,符合药物缓释的要求。     

Preparation and cellular uptake of PLGA particles loaded with lamivudine

Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with lamivudine and coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were prepared via a double emulsion method. The influences of experiments parameters such as volume of inner aqueous phase, concentration of organic phase and ultrasonication time on the particle size and drug entrapment efficiency were investigated, obtaining PLGA particles with a diameter of ~260 nm and drug entrapment efficiency of ~35%. The particles were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmittance electron microscopy, showing a core-shell structure. BCA assay found that 58 mg BSA was present on/in 1 g LPB particles. The loaded lamivudine showed a burst release at beginning and sustained release until 24 h in physiological conditions. Low pH could accelerate the release of lamivudine from PLGA particles, making the PLGA particles potential intelligent intracellular drug carriers. The PLGA particles were readily internalized into the human liver cells within a short time and increased gradually with the prolongation of incubation time regardless of the loading of lamivudine. The particles either resided within lysosomes or transferred to cytoplasm, but could not enter into the cell nucleus. The cell viability was not significantly influenced in the presence of the particles regardless of lamivudine encapsulation, suggesting that this kind of particles may be a good candidate for the intracellular anti-hepatitis B drug delivery.     

Preparation of molecularly imprinted microspheres by photo-grafting on supports modified with iniferter

Molecularly imprinted microspheres (MIMs) of D-mandelic acid were synthesized in this study. Chloromethylated polystyrene beads modified with iniferter were used as supports for photo-grafting of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) layer. The polymers were characterized by FT-IR, elemental analysis and thermo-gravimetric analysis to testify the polymer formation and its thermal stability. Scan- ning electron micrographs (SEM) show that the MIP particles are mono-dispersed and well-spherical, with the average diameter of 4.38 μm and size distribution coefficient of 1.02. Furthermore, the MIMs were packed in a stainless steel column and evaluated as stationary phases in high performance liquid chro- matography (HPLC). The prepared MIP exhibited a considerable capability of chiral separation between template and its enantiomer. Accordingly, this kind of MIP is likely to have wide applications in chemical sensing, chromatographic analysis and solid phase extraction.