烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

一类奇异二阶阻尼差分方程周期边值问题正解的存在性

研究了一类奇异二阶阻尼差分方程周期边值问题{Δ²x(t-1)+αΔx(t-1)+βx(t)=f(t,x(t), Δx(t-1)), t∈［1,T］_Z,x(0)=x(T), Δx(0)=Δx(T)正解的存在性,其中T >2是一个整数, α、 β均为常数, f(t,x,y):［1,T］_Z×(0,∞)×R→R关于(x,y)∈(0,∞)×R连续且允许f在x=0处奇异即lim_x→0⁺ f(t,x,y)=+∞,(t,y)∈［1,T］_Z×R。主要结果的证明基于Leray-Schauder非线性抉择。     

具积分边值条件奇异四阶耦合微分方程组正解的存在性

利用Guo-Krasnoselskii不动点定理,考虑具有积分边值条件奇异四阶耦合微分方程组u~(4)(t)=ω_1(t)f(t,v(t),v″(t)),v~(4)(t)=ω_2(t)g(t,u(t),u″(t))正解的存在性,并在一定条件下得到了该方程组的多解性.     

一类离散三点边值共振问题解的存在性

运用紧向量场方程的解集连通理论为三点边值共振问题 Δ²u(t-1)=f(t, u(t)),t∈T, u(0)=εΔu(0), u(T+1)=αu(η) 发展上下解方法, 其中f: T×R→R 连续,T为固定的正整数, T:=｛1, 2,…,T｝, ε∈［0,∞), α∈(0,∞), η∈T 均为固定的常数, 且满足 α(η+ε)=T+1+ε。     

带阻尼项的二阶奇异微分方程的正周期解

研究带阻尼项的二阶微分方程u″+p(t)u'+q(t)u=f(t,u)+c(t)正周期解的存在性, 其中 p,q,c∈L¹(R/TZ;R), f为Carathéodory函数且在u=0处具有奇异性。运用不动点理论, 为该方程建立了若干正周期解的存在性结果, 所得结果推广并改进了已有文献的相关结论。     

奇异三阶两点边值问题的相伴正解

研究了三阶边值问题u''(t)+f(t,u(t))=0, 0相似文献   

线性J-Armendariz环

如果对任意的f(x)=a₀+a₁x, g(x)=b₀+b₁x∈R［x］, f(x)g(x)=0蕴含所有a_ib_j∈J(R), 则环R称为线性J-Armendariz环(简称LJA环）. 其中: i,j∈{0,1}; J(R)是R的Jacobson根. 考虑LJA环的性质及与其他相关环类的关系, 给出了2-primal环的无限直积非2-primal环的简单例子, 并证明了Koethe猜想有肯定解当且仅当任意NI环的多项式环是LJA环.     

带有非线性边界条件的弱记忆型经典反应扩散方程解的渐近性

考虑弱记忆型经典反应扩散方程解的渐近性态, 在内部和边界非线性项超临界指数增长并满足一定的平衡条件时, 用收缩函数方法和半群理论证明全局吸引子在L²(Ω)×L²_μ(R+;L²(Ω))中的存在性.     

一类含参半正二阶离散周期边值问题正解的存在性

用Guo-Krasnoselskii不动点定理给出半正二阶离散周期边值问题正解的存在性和多解性结果, 其中λ>0为参数, ［1,T］_z={1,2,…,T}, f: ［1,T］_z×［0,∞)→R连续且存在常数D>0, 使得f(t,u)≥-D, (t,u)∈［1,T］_z×［0,∞), a: ［1,T］_z→(0,∞), 02(π/2T).     

一类非线性三阶差分方程正周期解的存在性和多解性

考虑一类非线性三阶差分方程Δ³u(t-3)+αΔ²u(t-2)+βΔu(t-1)=f(t,u(t)), t∈［3,T］_Z正周期解的存在性和多解性, 其中 T>4, α>0, -1<β<0, f:［3,T］_Z×［0,∞)→R关于 u∈［0,∞)连续, f(t+ω,u)=f(t,u), ω∈Z⁺。主要结果的证明基于Guo-Krasnoselskii 不动点定理。     

带有非线性边界条件的弱记忆型经典反应扩散方程解的渐近性

考虑弱记忆型经典反应扩散方程解的渐近性态, 在内部和边界非线性项超临界指数增长并满足一定的平衡条件时, 用收缩函数方法和半群理论证明全局吸引子在L²(Ω)×L²_μ(R+;L²(Ω))中的存在性.