红曲色素生产中代谢调控的研究进展

红曲色素由红曲霉发酵而得,它的发酵质量直接影响红曲色素的产量和质量.文章对近几年红曲色素发酵中代谢调控的研究进展以及控制过程中建立的数学模型作一简单介绍.     

清爽型红曲黄酒发酵的工艺优化

在保留传统工艺技术基础上,采用正交实验改进并优化发酵工艺,结果表明:影响酿造清爽型红曲黄酒的主次因素依次为A(m(糯米)∶m(水))、B(θ主发酵)、D(ω(酵母))、C(t头耙).优化工艺条件组合为A2B2C2D3,即A为1∶1.3、B为31 ℃、D为0.1%、C为25 h.方差分析得出A是影响清爽型红曲黄酒质量的重要因素.以优化工艺组合酿造清爽型红曲黄酒感官品评达到优质黄酒标准.     

红曲的研究现状及应用

红曲（亦名红曲米），是以大米为原料，经红曲霉（Monacous）发酵而成的一种紫红色米曲，故又称赤曲。红曲的发明至今已有一千多年的历史。广泛用于酿酒、食品着色、食品发酵及中药等方面。现阶段国内红曲主要有色素红曲、酿造红曲和功能红曲。红曲在食品工业中的研究和应用越来越深入。     

红曲甜酒酿发酵工艺优化及过程指标变化研究

以糯米为原料,以红曲和甜酒曲的混合曲为菌种制作红曲甜酒酿.通过单因素和正交试验对发酵工艺进行优化,确定最佳工艺参数为接种总量1. 5%,红曲与甜酒曲配比1∶1,加水量50%,发酵温度33℃,发酵时间72 h;同时对发酵过程的几个主要指标的变化进行了检测,结果显示,总酸在发酵时间48 h前快速上升,48 h后上升缓慢;糖度前期、中期上升较快,后期上升缓慢;酒精度前期缓慢上升,中后期急剧上升;霉菌数呈先增加后减少的趋势,酵母菌数一直呈上升趋势.     

影响红曲酒糟发酵物γ—氨基丁酸含量的因子分析

红曲制品含有降血压功能的天然γ—氨基丁酸。增加红曲酒糟的γ—氨基丁酸含量可以显著提高制酒和醋的副产品红曲酒糟的附加值。本研究对影响红曲酒糟二次发酵中发酵温度、原料比、料水比、pH值、发酵时间、红曲霉菌株、金属离子等对发酵物γ—氨基丁酸含量的影响效应进行了分析,确定了红曲酒糟高天然γ—氨基丁酸二次发酵的各因子参数为：选用＂丹溪1号＂红曲霉菌株,红曲/酒糟/米皮原料比0.10/2/0.8,料水比128/100,添加0.12%CaCl,pH4.6,35℃恒温发酵72 h～79h。结果表明,该工艺可使二次发酵的红曲酒糟γ—氨基丁酸含量显著提高,具有很好的应用前景。     

紫色红曲霉的微波诱变及其产红曲色素发酵条件的优化

以紫色红曲霉S1为出发菌株进行微波诱变,筛选出产红曲色素能力最高的突变株紫色红曲霉S1-29,其红曲色素值达3 240 U/g,比出发菌株提高了57%.针对菌株S1-29固态发酵培养产红曲色素的条件进行优化,添加不同的碳源、氮源以及无机盐,研究添加物对产红曲色素能力的影响,并进行正交实验,得到最佳发酵条件:在大米基质中添加葡萄糖、蛋白胨、硫酸镁和磷酸氢二钾,使其质量分数分别为4%,6%,0.4%和0.3%,32 ℃培养11 d,菌株S1-29红曲色素值达到4 003 U/g,比优化前提高23.55%.     

福建红曲醋发酵液的细菌群落结构分析

采用非培养法和培养法对福建红曲醋的细菌菌落结构进行分析.从红曲醋发酵液样品中提取基因组DNA,构建16S r DNA文库.随机挑取16S r DNA文库中的克隆子进行ARDRA分析,通过部分克隆序列测定构建系统发育树.结果显示,非培养法16S r DNA克隆文库得到15种OTUs,主要分为3大菌群,分别是:Acetobacter属、Lactobacillus属、Pseudomonas属;培养法16S r DNA克隆文库得到11种OTUs,主要分为2大菌群,分别是:Acetobacter属、Lactobacillus属.在文库的标准多样性指数方面,非培养法文库的香侬-威纳指数(Shannon-Weiner index)、辛普森指数(Simpson index)、丰富度指数(Margalef's richness index)分别为2.56、0.075、3.04,培养法文库香侬-威纳指数(Shannon-Weiner index)、辛普森指数(Simpson index)、丰富度指数(Margalefs'richness index)分别为2.26、0.104、2.17.两个文库的均一度指数(Evenness index)数值均高于0.90,显示出两个文库自身较高的多样性.实验结果表明:Acetobacter属和Lactobacillus属是红曲醋发酵的优势菌群,占整个细菌群落的85%以上.红曲醋发酵是一个多菌种的发酵过程,福建红曲醋的非挥发性酸含量与其醋酸发酵伴随乳酸发酵过程产生丰富的有机酸是相关的.     

双载体固定化红曲发酵红曲色素的研究

对以粉丝生产废液为主要培养基，以聚乙烯醇和海藻酸钠双载体固定红曲（Monascus purpureus），采用气升式生物反应器重复发酵生产红曲色素进行了考察研究，实验结果表明：粉丝生产废液经适当补加营养盐可作为发酵生产红曲色素的良好培养基，其最佳发酵条件为发酵培养基始初pH值5－6、发酵温度30℃、固定化细胞粒子接入量20％、通气量0.35vvm、发酵周期50h左右。     

红曲红色素替代亚硝酸盐在川式香肠中的应用研究

腌腊肉制品中利用亚硝酸盐发色已经成为急需解决的食品安全问题.本研究在亚硝酸钠添加量为0.04 g/kg的条件下,通过直接添加红曲红色素、异抗坏血酸钠部分替代亚硝酸钠,在避光包装和透明包装的情况下测定香肠的红度值变化.结果表明:从色泽和风味方面考虑,在避光包装条件下,红曲红色素添加量为0.12 g/kg时,或在透明包装条件下,红曲红色素添加量为0.12 g/kg,异抗坏血酸钠添加量为0.45 g/kg时,两者在贮藏27 d后均能达到亚硝酸钠添加量为0.12 g/kg的添加水平.     

两株紫色红曲菌根癌农杆菌介导的T-DNA转化子的生物学特性

从根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导的紫色红曲菌(Monascus purpureus)菌株S的转化子库中筛选出2株产红曲色素性能变化显著且遗传稳定的转化子S62和S158,分别对其菌落形态、显微结构、菌落生长速度、遗传稳定性、潮霉素抗性及其产色素和桔霉素的能力等进行了分析.结果表明,2株转化子的生物学特性均发生了显著变化,且发酵后红曲色素的色价和桔霉素的产量降低.其中:转化子S62液态发酵后色价为2.71 U/mL,仅为原始菌株S色价的0.04倍;转化子S158发酵后色价为17.62 U/mL.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to