基于出行的城市客运交通环境系统优化研究

构建了基于出行结构的城市客运交通环境系统优化模型。在系统分析的基础上, 使用系统动力学方法模拟城市客运交通环境系统的发展;建立线性优化模型求解在城市的资源环境等约束条件下, 以交通综合效率最大化为目标的最优出行结构;根据二者的结果, 设计城市交通发展的不同情景, 进行二次模拟;建立灰色关联评价模型对情景分析结果进行综合评价, 在社会经济条件支撑、政策可行、资源环境压力最小化的前提下, 得到城市客运交通环境系统出行结构的优化结果。最后通过北京市的案例研究, 验证了模型的有效性。     

基于云模型铜陵市环境经济系统脆弱性研究

依据PSR模型构建资源枯竭型城市环境经济系统脆弱性评价指标体系,运用云模型和属性识别理论动态评价了铜陵市环境经济系统脆弱性,并运用脱钩理论分析了环境系统、经济系统及环境经济系统内部子系统相互作用机制.结果表明,2005年～2014年,铜陵市环境系统呈高度、中度脆弱性,下降趋势缓慢;经济系统脆弱性高度运行,下降趋势缓慢;环境经济系统各年脆弱性等级居高不下;环境压力与环境响应总体呈进化依赖态势,佐证环境状态趋优对环境治理及环保投入的高度依赖性.经济压力与经济响应呈依赖与脱钩交错变化态势,佐证经济转型内在与外在阻滞力量的错综复杂性.环境系统与经济系统总体以强脱钩为主,即经济发展与环境改善同向趋优发展,表征环境科技和环境教育对环境改善的大于单纯环保经济投入的作用.     

基于土地利用变化的城市规划环境影响评价

城市规划的环境影响具有显著的不确定性,难以定量评价。该文将社会经济活动落实到空间网格上,以土地利用变化表征城市规划的实施,集成情景分析和Monte Carlo技术来模拟土地利用变化,并结合不确定性分析技术构建了城市规划环境影响的定量评价方法。对大连市发展规划的地表水环境影响评价进行了方法应用,识别了规划年主要河流的环境风险、环境压力、极端环境影响、关键污染物和关键污染源。该方法可以系统识别城市规划环境影响的不确定性并定量评价其影响,为科学规划提供决策支持。     

基于土地利用变化的城市规划环境影响评价

城市规划的环境影响具有显著的不确定性,难以定量评价。该文将社会经济活动落实到空间网格上,以土地利用变化表征城市规划的实施,集成情景分析和Monte Carlo技术来模拟土地利用变化,并结合不确定性分析技术构建了城市规划环境影响的定量评价方法。对大连市发展规划的地表水环境影响评价进行了方法应用,识别了规划年主要河流的环境风险、环境压力、极端环境影响、关键污染物和关键污染源。该方法可以系统识别城市规划环境影响的不确定性并定量评价其影响,为科学规划提供决策支持。     

区域规划累积环境影响评价方法框架研究

鉴于累积环境影响评价在区域规划环评中的重要性和必要性, 提出包括规划描述、影响识别、尺度确定、因果分析、评价基准、情景构建、累积评价与预警、减缓措施以及适应调控等主要步骤在内的累积环境影响评价方法框架。同时, 考虑到累积环境影响的不确定性和动态性特征,采用情景分析和系统动力学模型相结合的方法, 模拟、分析和评价区域规划在时间和空间尺度上的累积环境影响。基于该方法框架,以郑州航空港地区总体规划为例,开展了评价区域环境空气和地表水环境质量的累积环境影响评价和预警实证研究。设计了基准情景、零方案情景、规划方案情景以及改善型情景 4 种情景模式, 分别对规划方案实施的区域水环境、大气环境的累积影响做出评价;并提出包括生态空间格局调控优化、产业结构调控与布局优化以及污染防治等在内的减缓措施,以及跟踪监测评估与适应性反馈调控对策。     

重庆经济-资源-环境发展的系统动力学分析及不同情景模拟

经济-资源-环境的协调发展是可持续发展的关键环节,城市经济的发展越来越多地受到资源和环境方面的限制,如何摆脱当前的困境,实现经济资源环境的可持续发展,是当前亟需解决的问题。研究城市经济-资源-环境可持续发展的内涵及框架,利用系统动力学的原理和方法,以重庆为例,通过道格拉斯生产函数将资源、环境、技术等子系统与GDP子系统联系起来,构建了经济-资源-环境系统动力学模型处理由于城市资源耗尽和环境恶化所限制的经济增长问题,同时设定了基础、资源、环境、技术和经济5个情景,对不同情景模拟结果进行了比较分析。结果表明:单独改变系统中的子系统不能实现重庆的可持续发展,转变经济发展模式才是重庆可持续发展的优化发展方案。     

雄安新区资源环境承载力评价指标体系构建研究

 通过分析雄安新区资源与环境的禀赋特征,结合雄安新区的发展规划定位,以资源、环境、生态（绿色生态）与社会经济系统为一级指标,遵循科学性、系统性、动态性、体现人地关系协调性及可持续发展的主要原则,选择土地资源、水资源、矿产资源、水环境、大气环境、地质环境、绿色治理、绿色生产、绿色生活、经济与社会为二级要素性指标及若干个三级基础性指标,在运用SPSS的相关性分析消除信息重复评价指标进行初步筛选的基础上,基于主成分分析法提炼雄安新区资源环境承载力的主要影响因子,进一步优化选择评价指标确定最终的48个三级评价指标,构建起能够更加真实、准确地反映雄安新区资源、环境、生态与社会经济系统之间协调发展程度的资源环境承载力评价指标体系,有助于揭示雄安新区资源环境承载力关键要素的变化及驱动机制。     

基于多期随机优化的个人财务计划模型

根据个人储蓄、消费特点,建立了个人财务计划多期随机优化模型.进一步以我国经济环境为依托,考虑未来各种资产收益、工资变动以及未来支付的不确定性,进行了仿真计算.通过构建情景树来反映未来经济环境,利用向量自回归模型对工资收入、物价水平以及未来各种资产收益进行估计,并根据个人消费偏好、退休计划不同,在保证基本消费、教育支出和实现长期目标在退休之后有保障的收入,同时满足个人的消费欲望的情况下,给出了个人最优储蓄、消费和贷款策略.     

基于系统动力学模型的深圳市龙华新区水资源供需平衡预测及优化

为解决深圳市龙华新区水资源供需矛盾,运用系统动力学模型(SD模型),结合该区"来-蓄-用-排"的水资源结构链,将人口、经济、产业发展与水资源供需相结合,建立水资源SD模型,模拟了2010~2030年水资源供需比的变化.结果显示,未来在限定境外调水总量的前提下龙华新区水资源匮乏,供需矛盾突出.通过参数敏感性分析识别出6个对水资源供需比影响较大的参数,分别是污水处理回用率、雨水利用率、人均生活用水定额、万元工业产值用水量、第二产业增长率、第三产业增长率.将以上参数作为主要调控变量,依据龙华新区发展规划及国家发展战略设计了情景优化方案,最终给出短期规划与长期规划综合优化方案.短期规划到2020年水资源供需比可由0.93提高到1.05,长期规划到2030年水资源供需比可由0.84提高到1.04.未来龙华新区需进一步加快产业结构调整,建设节水型城市,提高非常规水资源利用率,才能有效解决水资源供需矛盾,保持经济稳增与水资源可持续发展的协调统一.     

新型城镇化动力机制的SD仿真研究——以云南省大理市为例

自改革开放以来,中国的城镇化发展取得了举世瞩目的成就.然而,在城镇化快速发展过程中,人口膨胀、资源短缺、环境污染等问题逐渐显现出来.本文根据系统动力学基本原理,建立新型城镇化动力机制模型,涉及人口城镇化、产业发展、土地城镇化、水资源发展、社会发展、生态环境6个子系统,分析了各子系统内部与相互之间的动力反馈机制.以大理市为例,设定了自然发展型、产业升级型、环境友好型、以人为本型、土地集约型、和谐发展型共6种发展情景对模型进行优化调控,并仿真预测了模型的关键变量在6种情景下的发展趋势.通过分析6种发展情景对各个子系统的优化调控力度,证明和谐发展型为最优化的发展情景,该发展情景满足了大理市新型城镇化发展中6个子系统的同步优化.大理市在今后的新型城镇化发展进程中应走"以人为本、产业升级、土地集约、环境友好、资源节约"多路融合的发展道路.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.