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RNA干涉与基因沉默研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
张彬彬 《山东理工大学学报:自然科学版》2004,18(1):106-110
生物体内导入双链RNA(dsRNA)后会引起体内同源基因特异的沉默,这种现象称为RNA干涉(RNAi).基因沉默是生物体基因表达调控的一种重要机制,具有重要生物学功能.就RNA干涉与基因沉默的研究历史、作用机制和应用作了综述. 相似文献
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RNA干扰(RNAi)是指生物体内利用双链RNA(dsRNA)诱导同源靶基因的mRNA特异性降解,从而导致转录后基因沉默的现象.RNAi主要通过核酸酶Dicer切割dsRNA生成21-23 nt的小干扰RNA(siRNA),继而由siRNA识别并靶向降解同源靶基因mRNA,从而抑制靶基因的蛋白表达.近年来,RNAi技术在医学研究中的广泛应用均取得了显著的基因沉默效果,RNAi以其高特异性、高效性等显著优势将成为研究基因功能的全新手段.文中综述了该技术在医学研究中的应用. 相似文献
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RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)是真核生物中普遍存在的一种自然现象,是由双链RNA(double—stranded RNA,dsRNA)启动的序列特异的转录后基因沉默过程.在这一过程中,双链RNA被核酸内切酶切割成小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA),小干扰RNA与相关的蛋白质结合成RNA诱导沉默复合体(siRNA—induced silencing complex,RISC),RISC识别并降解靶mRNA.现在认为RNA干扰是真核生物共有的抗病毒、抗转座子、抗转基因和抗异常RNA的基因组免疫系统.随着RNA干扰的研究,产生了一种新的技术-RNA干扰技术,并得到了广泛的应用. 相似文献
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陈旷 《江汉大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,35(3):73-76
目的:通过探讨小分子双链RNA(siRNA)通过RNA干扰(RNAi)机制沉默肝癌细胞株Hep G2荧光素报告基因GFP的各项生物学指标,为进一步实验和临床研究提供依据.方法:通过体外实验,对siRNA和siRNA脂质体的稳定性和细胞毒性进行评估;通过荧光标记技术,研究不同时间siRNA脂质体的转染效率;通过荧光显微镜下观察转染细胞和RT-PCR检测靶基因mRNA表达,确定不同种类、形式、剂量的siRNA对靶基因的沉默效能.结果:在空白培养液中,siRNA和siRNA脂质体可稳定至4h,在5%血清中2~4h后明显降解;100nM的siRNA和siRNA脂质体无明显细胞毒性;siRNA脂质体转染细胞株的效率随时间不同而不同,4h可达90%;非特异性siRNA/脂质体无沉默靶基因表达作用,特异性siRNA/脂质体对靶基因的沉默作用在一定范围内随剂量升高(20nM、50nM、100nM)而升高.结论:siRNA的稳定性可满足实验需要,且无明显细胞毒性,特异性siRNA转染肝癌细胞株能有效抑制靶基因表达,用脂质体转染可提高转染效率.siRNA通过RNAi机制沉默靶基因表达,为肿瘤的治疗和基础研究提供了新的工具和思路. 相似文献
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RNAi是由双链RNA引起的基因沉默现象,它通过降解具有同源序列的mRNA起作用,特殊设计的siRNA能使目的基因发生特异性沉默.目前,获得siRNA已经非常方便,导入方式最常用的是微注射.RNAi技术有编码区RNAi和启动子区RNAi两大类,均可以产生类似基因敲除的功能。在家蚕功能基因的研究中已经使用了这种方法.随着RNAi技术的不断进步,RNAi可广泛地应用到功能基因组学,药物靶点筛选,疾病治疗等方面. 相似文献
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RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)是一项新的分子生物学技术,是外源和内源性双链RNA(double-strands RNA,dsRNA)在生物体内诱导同源靶基因的mRNA特异性降解,从而导致转录后基因沉默的现象。目前,RNAi及相关沉默反应的机制在植物中的研究取得了重大进展,在此对RNAi在植物功能基因组分析、抗逆性、抗病虫害和农作物遗传改良等方面的研究进行概述,以期为RNAi技术在植物上的深入研究提供参考。 相似文献
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RNAi作用机制及其应用研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在Dicer酶作用下,dsRNA形成siRNA,组装成具有活性的蛋白质复合物RISC,触发染色质固缩,DNA甲基化、基因沉默和干扰蛋白质合成等。RNAi基因沉默高效、特异和简捷等优点,为细胞内基因表达研究提供了新思路、新方法,为临床治疗遗传性基因扩增型疾病提供极具潜力的全新策略。文章就RNAi机制及其应用研究做一综述。 相似文献
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Caudy AA Ketting RF Hammond SM Denli AM Bathoorn AM Tops BB Silva JM Myers MM Hannon GJ Plasterk RH 《Nature》2003,425(6956):411-414
RNA interference (RNAi) regulates gene expression by the cleavage of messenger RNA, by mRNA degradation and by preventing protein synthesis. These effects are mediated by a ribonucleoprotein complex known as RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex). We have previously identified four Drosophila components (short interfering RNAs, Argonaute 2 (ref. 2), VIG and FXR) of a RISC enzyme that degrades specific mRNAs in response to a double-stranded-RNA trigger. Here we show that Tudor-SN (tudor staphylococcal nuclease)--a protein containing five staphylococcal/micrococcal nuclease domains and a tudor domain--is a component of the RISC enzyme in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila and mammals. Although Tudor-SN contains non-canonical active-site sequences, we show that purified Tudor-SN exhibits nuclease activity similar to that of other staphylococcal nucleases. Notably, both purified Tudor-SN and RISC are inhibited by a specific competitive inhibitor of micrococcal nuclease. Tudor-SN is the first RISC subunit to be identified that contains a recognizable nuclease domain, and could therefore contribute to the RNA degradation observed in RNAi. 相似文献
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TANGNi ZHANGBingqiang YANGe PUDan GAOXiaolin Tong-ChuanHe HUANGAilong 《科学通报(英文版)》2004,49(14):1470-1475
Persistent and recurrent infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) represents one of the most common and severe viral infections of humans, and has caused a formidable health problem in the affected countries. Currently used antiviral drugs have a very limited success on controlling HBV replication and infection. RNA interference (RNAi), a process by which double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) directs sequence-specific degradation of target mRNA in mammalian and plant cells, has recently been used to knockdown gene expression in various species. In this study, we sought to determine whether RNAi-mediated silencing of HBV viral gene expression could lead to the effective inhibition of HBV replication. We first developed RNAi vectors that expressed small interfering RNA (siRNA) and targeted the HBV core or surface gene sequence. Our results demonstrated that these specific siRNAs efficiently reduced the levels of corresponding viral RNAs and proteins, and thus suppressed viral replication. Treatment with siRNA gave the greatest reduction in the levels of HBsAg (92%) and in HBeAg (85%) respectively in the cultured cell medium. Our findings further demonstrated that the RNAi-mediated antiviral effect was sequence-specific and dose-dependent. Therefore, our findings strongly suggest that RNAi-mediated silencing of HBV viral genes could effectively inhibit the replication of HBV, hence RNAi-based strategy should be further explored as a more efficacious antiviral therapy of HBV infection. 相似文献
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