稀硫酸水解棉花秸秆制糖的工艺

酸水解是一种既简单又可直接将生物质水解转化成可发酵糖的常见方法。本研究以棉花秸秆为原料,在反应温度为121℃时,考察了硫酸浓度和反应时间对棉花秸秆中半纤维素水解生成可发酵糖产量的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应曲面法设计实验,建立了硫酸浓度和反应时间影响可发酵糖产量的二元二次多项式数学模型,借助模型方程及统计软件求得121℃时棉花秸秆在稀硫酸中水解的最佳工艺条件。通过验证实验得到:硫酸浓度为2.3%,水解时间为55 min时,棉花秸秆水解得到的可发酵糖产量最高,为11.81 g/100 g棉花秸秆。实验通过对棉花秸秆中半纤维素水解条件的优化,提高了棉花秸秆水解制糖的产率,为新疆棉花秸秆的高值化利用奠定应用基础。     

用羽毛提取混合氨基酸

采用硫酸水解家禽羽毛提取混合氨基酸,研究了硫酸浓度,用量,反应温度,反应时间,催化剂等因素对羽毛水解反应的影响,确定了提取氨基酸的最佳工艺条件,硫酸浓度为30％,用量300mL,反应温度为105℃,催化剂为10g,反应时间为4h,羽毛水解氨基酸的产率可达90％。     

α-苯乙醇的酶法拆分工艺优化

使用一种重组脂肪酶对乙酸苯乙酯进行选择性水解拆分以得到R-α-苯乙醇.研究首先以选择性和转化率为指标,测定了底物浓度、酶量、缓冲液的浓度和pH、反应温度、摇床转速以及反应时间等因素对拆分效果的影响.结果显示,在最佳条件下,产物R-α-苯乙醇ee达到97.2%,转化率48%.反应液进行过硅胶柱分离后,R-α-苯乙醇的产率为30%,ee值为98%;S-乙酸苯乙酯在碱性条件下水解得到S-α-苯乙醇产率为40%,ee值为85%.     

正交实验法优化超细硫酸沙丁胺醇的制备工艺

以沙丁胺醇和硫酸为反应物,在异丙醇溶液中采用反应结晶法制备超细硫酸沙丁胺醇颗粒。通过正交实验,对制备过程中影响产物粒度和产率的因素,如:硫酸浓度、反应温度、搅拌转速、反应时间等进行了系统研究并对优选条件进行了验证。实验结果表明:当硫酸浓度为1.0mol/L、反应温度为5℃、搅拌转速为900r/min、反应时间为10min时,可以得到短轴为50～60nm、长径比为 20～35且粒度分布较窄的针状硫酸沙丁胺醇颗粒。经IR、XRD分析表明,所得产品的纯度大于98.0%,产率大于95.0% ,各项指标均符合中国和英国药典的要求.     

硫酸催化蔗髓半纤维素的水解条件研究

用硫酸作催化剂水解蔗髓木质纤维素,考察不同催化剂用量、水解液固比、水解时间以及温度对蔗髓水解生成木糖、葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖和糠醛的影响。结果确定出蔗髓稀酸水解处理的最佳水解条件是:催化剂用量130%、液固比20、水解温度120℃,时间20min,在此条件下,木糖产率23.06%,葡萄糖产率1.97%,阿拉伯糖产率0.85%,糠醛产率2.34%。     

热酸浸出黄钠铁矾渣工艺

以黄钠铁矾渣为原料,研究硫酸浸出过程的工艺条件,分析浸出过程的热力学和动力学机理.实验结果表明,在液固比为5∶1,搅拌速率为350 r/min条件下,浸出黄钠铁矾渣的最佳工艺条件为:硫酸质量浓度为225 g/L,反应温度为95 ℃,反应时间为2.5 h,该条件下多组实验的渣中Fe、Zn浸出率均大于96%.黄钠铁矾渣硫酸浸出过程在动力学上属于收缩核模型,受化学反应控制.     

乙醇还原法制备消毒剂二氧化氯的研究

探讨了以乙醇、氯酸钠、硫酸为原料制备二氧化氯,通过正交实验研究了影响二氧化氯产率和纯度的因素,即物料的配比、酸度和温度,得出了最佳工艺条件:在投料比(物质的量比)n氯酸钠:n乙醇为4:1.5,硫酸的浓度为6 mol/L,反应温度为55℃,反应时间为35 min的条件下,二氧化氯的产率可达93％,纯度达94％.本文在一定程度上拓展了二氧化氯制备的思路.     

纳米微晶纤维素的制备与表征

本文用硫酸水解微晶纤维素来制备纳米纤维素(nanocrystalline cellulose,以下简称为NCC).通过正交试验方法确定了硫酸水解法制备纳米纤维素的最佳反应条件,并通过粒径分析、XRD(X-ray diffraction)衍射、红外光谱(infrared spectroscopy,简称为IR)分析和扫描电镜分析对所制备的纳米纤维素进行了表征.对纳米纤维素粒径大小的影响因素中最主要的是硫酸浓度,其次是水解时间,最后是反应温度,最佳反应条件为硫酸浓度60%,反应时间2.5 h,反应温度45℃;纳米纤维素的平均粒径为187 nm,粒径分布系数PDI为0.394;通过XRD衍射和红外光谱分析,可以看出纤维素的特征和晶体结构未发生明显变化.     

稀盐酸水解棉秆产糖工艺的神经网络模拟与优化

稀酸水解可以提高生物质中糖类物质的释放。为提高稀盐酸水解棉秆产糖的效率及棉秆的高值化利用奠定应用基础,本研究以棉花秸秆为原料,以反应温度、时间、盐酸浓度和固含量为考察因素,选择木糖和葡萄糖产量作为期望输出,在响应曲面实验的基础上采用神经网络对稀盐酸水解棉秆产糖的过程进行预测和优化,建立稀盐酸水解棉秆制糖工艺的神经网络模型,得到稀盐酸水解棉秆的最佳工艺条件:在132℃,45 min,0.6 mol/L和10%时,木糖和葡萄糖产量分别为6.89 g/L和2.85 g/L。SEM和XRD分析结果表明,水解过程中无定形纤维素和半纤维素被水解。     

固体酸催化剂SO42-/TiO2催化木糖脱水制备糠醛的新方法

探索了以固体超强酸SO42 -/TiO2为催化剂,催化木糖脱水环化制备糠醛的新方法.以TiCl4乙醇溶液(体积比1∶1)作为钛源、以浓氨水作为沉淀剂制备二氧化钛,硫酸溶液作为浸渍液,制备了SO42 -/TiO2固体超强酸.采用二溴化法(溴酸钠-溴化钠)对糠醛产量进行分析,研究了反应条件和催化剂制备过程中硫酸浸渍液浓度、焙烧温度等对糠醛产率的影响.结果表明,使用固体超强酸作催化剂,在最佳条件下,糠醛产率达到42.6％,而同样条件下用硫酸作催化剂糖醛产率只有15.6％.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to