厦门白鹭自然保护区的白鹭繁殖行为和繁殖力研究

2 0 0 1年 3月至 7月对厦门白鹭自然保护区鸡屿岛的白鹭 (Egrettagarzetta)繁殖行为和繁殖力进行了研究 .白鹭集群、择巢、筑巢于 2月中旬至 3月中旬 ,3月底部分亲鸟开始产卵和孵化 ,4月中旬雏鸟开始出壳 .白鹭窝卵数为 4.43± 0 .6 8(SD)枚 ,孵化期为 2 3.2± 1.4d ,孵化率为 88.5 0 % ,窝雏数为 3.8± 0 .8只 ,育雏期 2 8～ 35d ,雏鸟成活率为 87.7% .每年每只白鹭的繁殖力为 1.96只雏鸟 ,每巢成功繁殖 3.37只雏鸟 .鸡屿岛白鹭繁殖前期的种群数量为 5 0 32只 ,繁殖结束时亲鸟和成活雏鸟数量共 135 0 6只 .本文分析影响白鹭繁殖的主要因素 ,并提出白鹭繁殖期的管理和保护措施     

暗色型白鹭繁殖及其子代雏鸟生长的研究

2003年6月在厦门大兔屿鹭类营巢地首次发现暗色型白鹭,对其形态、繁殖以及子代雏鸟进行研究.暗色型白鹭在厦门的数量稀少,其羽色为暗灰色,但在头、喉、胸或腹部上存在着不同程度的白羽差异.暗色型白鹭与白色型白鹭结对繁殖,共同完成孵卵和育雏过程.暗色型白鹭巢位高度为520cm,较同一树上其他4个白鹭的巢位(428±62)cm高,巢高21.2cm,巢深10.8cm,巢内径38.0cm,巢外径60.2cm;卵呈鸭蛋青色,卵的长径为3.33cm,短径4.52cm,质量23g;窝雏数为4只;1日龄雏鸟平均体长(10.8±0.2)cm,平均体质量(21±0.5)g,子代雏鸟的羽色为白色,喙表现为乌黑发亮,皮肤颜色也较白色型黑.暗色型白鹭亲鸟和雏鸟的繁殖及生长发育等其它生物学特性与白色型白鹭基本相同.本文对国内暗色型白鹭的来源及其羽毛颜色的遗传特性进行分析探讨.     

西藏拉萨地区小云雀inopinata亚种的繁殖生态

文章报道了小云雀inopinata亚种(Alauda gulgula inopinata)(以下称为小云雀亚种)在西藏拉萨地区的繁殖生态。小云雀亚种在拉萨地区一般4月下旬进入繁殖期,选择本地的冬小麦地等作为它们的繁殖生境。雌雄鸟均参加筑巢,筑巢期为3.8±1d(n=4),10个巢的大小为5.6±0.7cm×8.7±0.9cm(n=10),巢深4.1±0.3cm(n=10),巢的平均重量24.6±4.3g(n=5)。平均窝卵数为2.6±0.5枚(2～3枚,n=7),其中3枚者居多;产一窝卵需要2～3d,卵平均重量2.2±0.3g(1.8～2.8g,n=7),卵的大小为20.4±0.5mm(19～21)×14.2±3mm(14～15),(n=7)。平均孵卵期为15±0.6d(14～16,n=6),孵化率为67%,育雏期12±0.6d(11～13,n=6),雏鸟成活率仅50%。农业活动及天敌是影响孵化率及雏鸟成活率的主要因子。     

郑州鹭类的生态习性

1999～2003年对河南郑州市区鹭鸟的生态习性进行了研究。结果表明:郑州市区共有夜鹭(Nycticoraxnycticorax)、池鹭(Ardeolabacchus)、白鹭(Egrettagarzetta)及苍鹭(Ardeacinerea)4种鹭鸟营巢繁殖,栖息地道路总长4600m,道路面积约132400m2。2003年栖息地共有鹭巢6762个,巢密度为0.051个/m2。平均每株行道树有鹭巢12.47个,多的超过30个。鹭类对营巢树的利用具有选择性。从种群数量上看,夜鹭占绝对优势,占98.05%,其次是池鹭,白鹭和苍鹭数量较少。据2003年统计,在市区停留的时间为:夜鹭212天,池鹭158天,白鹭147天。雏鸟留巢期为夜鹭49.17±0.835天,池鹭32.7±1.059天,白鹭41.43±1.134天,均较荒野地长。平均出雏数为:夜鹭2.85±1.268只,池鹭4.50±1.35只,白鹭4.43±1.27只。鹭鸟在市区繁殖是人类活动影响的结果,并对市区环境造成一定的影响。     

新乡黄河湿地乌鸫的繁殖生态研究

1996年乌鸫开始栖息于新乡地区,成为当地留鸟,但其繁殖状况并不清楚.为了弄清该地区乌鸫的繁殖生态,2017年3～7月,采用定位观察法,对新乡黄河湿地鸟类国家级自然保护区乌鸫的繁殖生态及巢址选择进行了详细研究,结果表明:新乡乌鸫3月初进入发情期,3月中旬可见到乌鸫配对,具有明显的占区行为.3月下旬开始营巢,营巢任务由雌鸟承担,营巢需时4～10d.最早产卵是3月28日,最晚产卵是5月16日,窝卵数为(5.09±0.70)(n=11)枚,产卵期为一周.卵长径(31.16±2.06)mm,卵短径(23.11±0.68)mm,卵质量(6.73±0.85)g.孵化期为13～14d,由雌鸟承担,孵化率为85.71%.育雏期为13～15d,成活率为54.17%.     

黑枕黄鹂繁殖习性的研究

对黑枕黄鹂的分布和数量、迁徙及活动规律、繁殖习性作了全面系统的报道．黑枕黄鹂分布于海拔800m以下的低山阔叶林中，在海拔300m的次生阔叶林中种群数量较大，为典型的低山带鸟类．春季迁来时间一般在5月中旬，8月中下旬迁出．主要在阔叶林中的阔叶树上营巢．巢位选择过程中，巢址多在树冠下层的外侧，巢筑在离树干较远的侧枝水平枝权间．营巢期6～7d．窝卵数为3～5枚．雏鸟一般13．5d离巢．雏鸟生长方程为：W=59.1/1 e^-0.613(t-1.994).     

苍鹭的繁殖生物学观察研究

1988年3—8月在陕西省勉县铜钱坝乡陈家湾村对苍鹭的繁殖生态进行了观察。结果表明;苍鹭营巢期3～7天,交尾后5～7天产第一枚卵,窝卵数4.27±1.44(n=15)枚,孵化期25～27天,卵的重量损失率为16.6±4.4%(n=23)。雏留巢期约40天,育雏期60天。营巢、孵化、育雏均由双亲共同承担。     

红腹角雉（Tragopan temminckii）的孵卵和育雏行为研究

于2005年4-7月、2006年3-7月,采用焦点动物取样法和所有事件取样法对四川老君山自然保护区红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii)的孵卵和育雏行为进行了研究.对3个孵化期内的树上巢分别观察16、5和9 d,记录到典型行为8种.观察的时段包括孵卵中期、孵卵后期和巢内育雏期.孵卵中、后期以出雏前7 d为界,中、后期之间的行为频次和累计时间均存在明显差异.Spearman秩相关检验显示翻卵日频次和日翻卵时间与观察时间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01).离巢时间和平均气温存在极显著正相关(P<0.01).孵卵期间日离巢0～2次,通常在上午和傍晚离巢,离巢平均时间(27.6 ± 4.4) min (n=29).离巢率孵化中期为4.86%,孵化后期为5.37%.雏鸟在巢期间为(3754.5±42.5) min (n=2),此期雌鸟不离巢,行为复杂.     

北红尾鸲的繁殖习性观察

2002～2004年，在蟒河自然保护区对北红尾鸲的繁殖习性进行了观察．结果表明。该鸟每年3月上旬迁入该区。10月下旬迁离．3月下旬营巢．4月中旬产卵，窝卵数3～6枚．孵化期12～13天。孵化率为90％．巢内育雏期12天．巢外育幼期约10天．在该区全年的种群密度为4．41只／km^2．     

黑翅鸢在福建分布及其繁殖生态的初步研究

黑翅鸢(Elanuscaeruleus)近年来在福建省的分布范围逐渐扩大,在福建省南部和东部为留鸟.对黑翅鸢的繁殖生态学研究结果说明,黑翅鸢繁殖期从4月～12月,筑巢对树种具有一定的选择性,每次繁殖都要重新筑巢,主要巢材为枯树枝,巢离地高度都在11m以上(n=4),巢外径为40cm,巢高30cm,巢深10cm(n=1).黑翅鸢每窝繁殖雏鸟3～4只,离巢时的雏鸟成活率都达到100%(n=4).繁殖期的黑翅鸢食物主要为鼠类.黑翅鸢的繁殖期长,繁殖力强,雏鸟成活率高,对人类活动环境的适应能力强,这可能是近年来黑翅鸢分布范围能够扩大的主要原因.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.