基于驾驶模拟的紧急避险车道断面宽度设置

在紧急避险车道断面宽度为4.5,7.7,9.0和12.2m条件下,利用UCWin Road Ver.9驾驶模拟仿真平台测试了5名驾驶员48次驶入紧急避险车道的几何运动参数.选取方向盘转速、方向盘转角、横向偏移率指标分别对车辆驶入紧急避险车道的最小转向半径、方向调整时间、转向角幅值、转向角频率和起弯点指标进行提取,采用多因素方差分析,检验断面宽度、驶入速度、断面宽度与驶入速度的交互作用对5个指标影响的显著性,通过多重分析检验不同断面宽度下各指标差异的显著性.研究结果表明:断面宽度4.5m时最小转向半径、转向角频率、转向角幅值与其他3组存在显著性差异,失控车速90km·h~(-1)时车辆即面临侧滑风险,车辆驶入紧急避险车道的难度大,驾驶员心理紧张程度高.仅断面宽度12.2m时起弯点位于渐变点之后,其起弯点与渐变段起点的差值与其他3组存在显著性差异.断面宽度对方向调整时间影响显著且不同断面间的方向调整时间存在显著差异,方向调整时间与断面宽度呈幂函数关系.综合分析,紧急避险车道的设置宽度不宜低于7.7m.     

右转圆曲线处避险车道流出角度与引道长度

采用UC-win Road 9.0驾驶仿真平台,对设置于右转圆曲线的紧急避险车道的流出角与引道阈值进行研究.选择方向调整时间、最小转向半径、方向盘转角幅值、方向盘转角频率4个指标对16名驾驶员驶入避险车道的数据进行回归分析,确定各指标与圆曲线半径的定量关系模型.随后,通过二阶聚类的方法缩小了流出角度与引道的设置范围.最后,考虑车辆的横向行驶稳定性,确定了避险车道的设置参数.建议将紧急避险车道设置于半径1 000m及以上的主线处,流出角0°~5°,引道6s设计行程.条件困难时,紧急避险车道可设置于半径600~1 000m的曲线处,流出角0°~5°,引道为9s设计行程,流出角5°~10°,引道为12s设计行程.     

允许两辆车驶入的避险车道设置

针对允许两辆车驶入的避险车道(TER),将先后驶入制动床的两辆车的停驶位置抽象为相互独立事件,建立了两辆车均能成功驶入避险车道的概率模型.基于仿真数据的研究结果表明:主线为直线时两辆车成功驶入避险车道的概率高于主线为平曲线时;即使主线为直线,制动床宽度为车辆宽度的5倍,两辆车均能成功驶入制动床的概率也不超过15%,这说明仅通过拓宽制动床宽度而不设置满足长度要求的引道,仍不能保证第二辆车成功驶入制动床.     

紧急避险车道驶出角度及引道长度设置

通过UCWin Road Ver.9驾驶模拟仿真平台测试5名驾驶员144次驶入紧急避险车道的运动参数.依据方向盘转速提取调整段长度、调整时间与最小转向半径指标,分析3个指标与驶入速度、驶出角度的相关性,并基于二阶聚类模型提出紧急避险车道驶出角度与引道长度设置范围.研究结果表明:紧急避险车道驶出角宜在5°以内,最大宜在12.5°以内,且必须在引道设置超高.引道设计长度宜采取调整时间作为控制指标,驶出角在5°以内时引道长度为6s设计行程,驶出角在5°~12.5°时引道长度为9s设计行程.     

山区高速公路紧急避险车道驶入角研究

避险车道驶入角的大小对避险车道安全性有着重要影响,是影响避险车道功能发挥的关键性因素。通过分析失控车辆在转弯时的受力情况及运行特征,得出了失控车辆驶入避险车道时的横向倾覆条件和横向滑移条件,保证失控车辆的行驶稳定性;并在此基础之上,提出了避险车道驶入角的设置方法,给出了在不同渐变段长度下避险车道驶入角的最大限值。最后,通过工程实例进行了验证性分析,说明所给出的避险车道驶入角限值具有合理性。     

山区高速公路紧急避险车道辅助车道设置

通过对8处紧急避险车道主线外侧车道车头时距的收集与分析,运用拟合分析和卡方检验,发现当外侧车道交通流小于500veh·h-1时,车头时距符合负指数分布.考虑主线外侧车道交通流量、失控车辆的速度与失控车辆汇入的临界间隙,应用微分法求导得到失控车辆汇入主线外侧车道的汇入概率模型.通过分析失控车辆汇入主线外侧车道的换车道驾驶行为,得到了不同路面状况下车辆汇入临界间隙.在保证失控车辆95%的汇入成功率条件下,计算不同路面状况、主线外侧交通流量与驶入速度下的辅助车道长度设置值.     

山区公路长大下坡路段避险车道设置

山区公路连续长大下坡路段对驾驶员及行车存在着潜在危险,设置避险车道可有效预防失控车辆造成车毁人亡等事故发生。本文主要从避险车道的设置位置,避险车道组成及避险车道的技术参数探讨山区公路避险车道的设计。     

失控车辆在避险车道制动床上减速过程的 三维离散元模拟

由于中国避险车道设计规范或指南不完善,存在设计缺陷的避险车道易诱发失控车辆冲出避险车道末端或在制动床上侧翻等事故,严重威胁驾驶员生命。以往研究还不能体现车轮沉陷变形对失控车辆减速作用的影响。为此,从颗粒层面入手采用离散元方法,分别构建集料离散元和车轮离散元,在PFC^3D软件平台建立集料－车轮三维离散元模型；采用模拟静力三轴压缩试验标定集料离散元颗粒微观参数；采用实车足尺试验数据标定车轮离散元颗粒微观参数。利用标定后模型对失控车辆在避险车道制动床上的减速过程进行数值模拟,设计4组数值模拟试验分析失控车辆车轮沉陷深度、停车距离的变化规律。研究成果为避险车道制动床长度设计和集料铺筑厚度设计提供了理论依据,对避险车道设计规范或指南的完善具有指导意义。     

山区高速公路长陡坡路段避险车道设置位置研究

首先明确了制动失效时车辆距坡顶距离与坡度、车辆运行速度的关系.为便于在具体设计工作中采用该关系作为设置避险车道的计算依据,引入设计车速概念到公式中对运行速度进行替换,从而在实际设计中更加具备实用性.最后结合广东省连州(湘粤界)至怀集公路项目A2设计合同段中59 kmn+800 m～72 km+300 m长大纵坡路段内避险车道设置位置的分析过程,逐步采用该文所提出的分析方法进行分析.     

双向四车道高速公路防眩板设置高度研究

通过对绝大多数资料中防眩板设置高度计算公式的研究,分析了设置高度计算公式的推导过程;根据防眩板设置高度的计算图示,推导了在计算防眩板设置高度时的车道组合原则;根据车辆的前灯高度与驾驶员视线高度的建议值、一般情况下的中央分隔带宽度、车道宽度和防眩板的抗风载能力等因素,确定了在双向四车道高速公路上防眩板的合理设置高度应为1.60～1.70 m;最后,根据防眩板设置高度为1.60 m或1.70 m时,得出了双向四车道高速公路上中央分隔带宽度应大于等于3.75 m或2 m。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.