点火和喷射正时对甲醇发动机冷起动特性的影响

在一台125mL的单缸电控喷射点燃式甲醇发动机上进行了冷起动瞬态工况着火特性的试验研究．基于循环控制研究了点火正时和喷射正时对甲醇发动机冷起动的着火特性和HC排放的影响．试验结果表明：点火正时和喷射正时对甲醇发动机的冷起动着火特性和HC排放均有显著影响;推迟点火从-20°（上止点前,下同）到10°,发动机的后燃逐渐增多,气缸压力逐渐降低,直至最后不能起动,甲醇发动机点火正时优化为-20°;喷射正时比点火正时对冷起动着火特性影响更显著,合理控制起动喷射正时,可保证混合气全部在受控的着火循环时进入气缸,实现“即喷即着”的理想着火,并提高发动机的着火可靠性;曲轴转角为471°上止点后）喷射甲醇比-35°喷射甲醇时的气缸最高燃烧压力提高了140％,HC排放降低了65％．     

压缩比对双燃料发动机燃烧和排放特性影响的研究

在一台CY25TQ型柴油机上,对甲醇预混合气F-T柴油引燃燃烧模式下压缩比对发动机燃烧和排放特性的影响进行了研究。研究结果表明：在预混合引燃燃烧方式中,将压缩比从16.9降到15.4过程中,燃烧始点最大推迟到上止点前0.6°CA,爆发压力和最大压力升高率降幅分别达到44.5%、37.7%,瞬时放热率峰值最大增幅达54.4%;HC和CO排放有上升的趋势,NOX 和碳烟排放大幅度降低,碳烟最大降幅为50%。     

两种Cr(Ⅲ)配合物的合成、结构和光物理性质

采用溶剂热合成方法,得到了2种Cr（Ⅲ）配合物：Cr（oxinate）3·CH3CH2OH（1）和Cr（oxinate）3·CH3OH（2）．对2种化合物的单晶体进行X-射线衍射分析,确定了分子结构和晶体结构．2种化合物均为单斜晶系,P2（1）／n空间群．晶胞参数分别为：a=1．1255nm,b=1．3281nm,c=1．6783nm,α=90°,β=94．479°,γ=90°,V=2．5011nm^3,Z=4,F=1．052,R=0．0511（1）;a=1．0912nm,b=1．3136nm,c=1．6847nm,α=90°,β=97．73°,γ=90°,V=2．3930nm^3,Z=4,F=1．098,R=0．0467（2）．结构解析表明,2种化合物均存在着分子内氢键．对2种化合物的UV—VIS-NIR和荧光光谱进行了测定、分析指认和对比．     

引燃油量对甲醇柴油双燃料发动机燃烧特性的影响

在一台TY1100单缸柴油机的进气管上安装了一套电控甲醇喷射装置，采用柴油引燃甲醇方式，开展了引燃油量对甲醇柴油双燃料发动机燃烧特性影响的研究．结果表明：在相同的平均有效压力和转速下，随着引燃油量的减少，双燃料燃烧的滞燃期延长，主燃期缩短，缸内气体最高爆发压力和最大压力升高率在高负荷时增加，放热率曲线第1峰值增大，第2峰值减小，表明预混燃烧量增加而扩散燃烧量减少；高负荷时放热率曲线型心向上止点靠近，燃烧等容度提高，燃油经济性改善；提高转速和增大供油提前角，最大放热率和最大压力均增加．     

博斯腾湖污染现状与治理对策

一、博斯腾湖自然地理概况 新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州境内的博斯腾湖是我国最大的内陆淡水湖泊,简称博湖。博湖位于新疆天山南麓,焉耆盆地的东南,属中生代断陷湖;博湖水域辽阔,湖区介于东经86°19′-87°28′、北纬41°46′-42°08v之间。东西长55公里,南北平均宽约20公里。在海拔高程为1047．0米时,水面面积为1064平方公里,容积73-108立方米,平均水深为6．8米,最深为16米。湖盆呈深碟状,     

Na3H3[C4FN3OH4]6[TeMo6O24]·8H2O和Na2H[C4FN3OH4]2[Al（OH）6Mo6O18]·13H2O的合成与晶体结构

采用常规方法合成了2个Anderson型多金属氧酸盐Na3H3[C4FN3OH4]6[TeMo6O24]·8H2O（Ⅰ）和Na2H[C4FN3OH4]2[Al（OH）6Mo6O18]·13H2O（Ⅱ）．通过元素分析、红外光谱、热重分析、X射线单晶衍射对其进行了表征．结果表明：2个化合物均属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群;化合物Ⅰ的晶胞参数a=1．10691（10）nm,b=1．14899（10）nm,c=1．35807（12）nm,a=71．63（2）°,β=66．25（10）°,γ=67．44（2）°,V=1．4334（2）nm^3,Z=1,R1=0．0748,wR2=0．1279;化合物Ⅱ的晶胞参数a=0．68788（4）nm,b=1．16845（7）nm,C=1．30690（8）nm,a=81．3390（10）°,β=77．8900（10）°,γ=79．5480（10）°,V=1．00307（10）nm^3,Z=1,R1=0．0314,wR2=0．0995．     

巴州草地生态现状及治理对策

一、巴州草地生态现状 巴音郭楞蒙古自治州简称巴州,“巴音郭楞”为蒙古语音译,意为“富饶的流域”。巴州地处新疆维吾尔自治区东南部,位于东经82°38—93°45’、北纬35°33,—42°26’之间。全州行政区划471526平方公里,占新疆总面积的四分之一,是中国面积最大的地级行政区。     

f1×f2×…×fn及f^n的拓扑遍历性

讨论了f1×f2×…×fn及f^n的拓扑遍历性,证明了扑拓全遍历,n-拓扑遍历与拓扑遍历是等价的．给出了这个结果在动力系统中的一些应用．得到了f1×f2×…×fn及f^n是拓扑遍历的一些充要条件和充分条件,同时还研究了f °g的拓扑遍历性,得到扑拓遍历性质是拓扑共轭不变性．     

缸内直喷灵活燃料发动机燃烧特性的研究

根据实测示功图,计算了发动机的燃烧放热规律,并系统分析了一台采用火花点火、缸内直喷、周向分层的燃烧系统灵活燃用甲醇、乙醇和汽油时发动机的燃烧特性.研究表明,缸内直喷灵活燃料发动机在燃烧过程中预混燃烧与扩散燃烧并存,燃烧循环变动小于6%;具有非常快的燃烧速率,上止点后曲轴转角为3°～6°时就可燃烧完50%的燃料,燃烧持续期在28°～37°曲轴转角范围内;甲醇的燃烧速率最快,汽油的燃烧速率在低负荷时比乙醇稍快,在高负荷时比乙醇慢.     

K5H11[WO2（PW9O34）2]·33H2O和K6Na2H2[Ni4（H2O）2（PW9O34）2]·23H2O的合成与表征

在常规条件下合成了2种具有一维链状结构的多金属钨酸盐K5H11[WO2（PW9O34）2]·33H2O（1）和K6Na2H2[Ni4（H2O）2（PW9O34）2]·23H2O（2）．采用X射线单晶结构分析、元素分析和红外光谱对其进行了表征．结果表明：化合物1属于正交晶系,Fddd空间群;晶胞参数a=2．9063nm,b=3．1790nm,c=3．9148nm,α=90．00°,β=90．00°γ=90．00°,V：36．1940nm^3,Z=2,R1=0．0706,ωR2=0．1621．化合物2属于单斜晶系,P2（1）／n空间群;晶胞参数a=1．1916nm,b=1．6547nm,C=2．1211nm,α=90．00°,β=100．66°,γ=90．00°,V=4．1098nm^3,Z=16,R1=0．0638,ωR2=0．1432．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.