HLA-G蛋白在不同孕期胎盘绒毛中的表达及意义

人类白细胞抗原-G(HLA-G)主要表达于胎盘组织中,在维持母胎界面的免疫耐受过程中发挥着关键作用。为研究HLA-G在正常胎盘形成过程中的表达模式,实验检测了妊娠不同阶段的胎盘绒毛组织中HLA-G蛋白的表达水平。实验结果显示HLA-G蛋白在孕6周与7周的绒毛中表达量最高,从孕8周开始,表达量逐渐下降,至足月时,表达量达到最低水平。由此推测HLA-G在妊娠早、中期与胎盘形成有关,在妊娠晚期可能参与妊娠维持。     

HLA-G inhibits xenogenetic cytotoxicity mediated by human NK cells and T lymphocytes against PECs

The worldwide shortage in the supply of human do-nor organs is becoming more and more pronounced. Xenotransplantation may probably give the hope to over-come the problem ultimately. Because it has a great pros-pect of clinical application, xenotransplantation has drawn great attention[1]. The pig appears to be an ideal source for human transplantation. But the xenograft has to face the challenge of three severe rejections (the hyperacute rejec-tion, the delayed xenograft rejection and acute ce…     

胚胎停育绒毛中HLA-G mRNA和蛋白水平的表达及差异

研究HLA-G mRNA及蛋白在早孕绒毛和胚胎停育绒毛中的表达及意义,在50例正常早期妊娠妇女和50例胚胎停育妇女绒毛中,半定量RT-PCR法检测HLA-G mRNA的水平。S-P免疫组织化学染色法检测HLA-G蛋白的水平。两组标本中HLA-G mRNA水平差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05);胚胎停育绒毛标本中HLA-G蛋白水平降低,与正常早孕绒毛标本相比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。说明HLA-G分子可能参与了胚胎停育的发生发展。     

HLA－G inhibits xenogenetic cytotoxicity mediated by human NK cells and T lymphocytes against PECs

In order to investigate whether the non-classical HLA-G class I molecule protects the prcine endothelial cells(PECs)from the lysis mediated by human immune cells in pig to human discordant xenotransplantation,we have cloned HLA-G cDNA from a human placents by RT-PCR.Mammalian expression vector,pEFG-neo,was constructed by insertion of HLA-G cDNA in pEF-neo.We obtained efficiently expressed PECs by stable transfection.Cytotoxicity assay showed that overexpression of HLA-G on PECs was sufficient to inhibit human NK-92 cell lysis.The level of lysis was equal to or less than that of the lysis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells mediated by human NK-92 cells.It also indicated that HLA-G inhibited the lysis of PECs mediated by xeno-antigen specific T lymphocytes.The reduction of lysis ranged between 59.1% and 88.9A%.These findings suggest that the transgenic approach to overexpress HLA-G is believed to be a new immunotherapy in overconing the immune rejections in xenotransplantion,including delayed xenograft rejection and cell-mediated rejection.     

食管鳞癌患者血清可溶性HLA-G分子表达水平及其临床意义

研究可溶性人类白细胞抗原G分子(sHLA-G)在食管鳞癌患者血清中的水平及其临床意义.应用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测60例食管鳞癌患者及28例对照者血清中sHLA-G(sHLA-G1 和 HLA-G5)水平,免疫组化S-P法检测对应的食管鳞瘤患者癌组织及对照组正常食管组织中HLA-G的表达,应用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法检测组织中HLA-GmRNA及HLA-G5mRNA的表达情况.结果食管鳞癌患者血清sHLA-G平均水平(15.04 u/mL)较对照(6.81 u/mL)升高(P=0.006);血清sHLA-G水平与肿瘤患者临床病理特征无相关性;HLA-G在60例癌组织表达率为70%且与肿瘤的分化程度(P=0.033)及淋巴结转移相关(P=0.035),正常食管组织无HLA-G表达;HLA-GmRNA和HLA-G5mRNA在20例HLA-G表达阳性的食管鳞癌组织中的均有表达,正常食管组织无HLA-GmRNA和HLA-G5mRNA表达.说明食管鳞癌组织可异常表达HLA-G分子,联合检测血清sHLA-G水平及HLA-G分子可作为临床食管癌的诊断和判断预后的指标.     

盘基网柄菌allC的克隆、表达和多克隆抗体的制备

运用RT-PCR技术从盘基网柄菌(Dictyostelium discoideum)总mRNA中克隆到了尿囊酸酶基因(allC),该基因编码区开放读框长1 100bp,编码的蛋白约42kD.由于是在野生型和突变型细胞中差异表达的片段,表明该基因在盘基网柄菌多细胞发育中起到重要作用,因此将allC克隆入融合表达载体pET-32a(+),在大肠杆菌E.coliBL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达带有6个组氨酸标签的尿囊酸酶(ALC)融合蛋白,经镍柱亲和层析,获得了电泳纯蛋白.用纯化的融合蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔,制备多克隆抗体.ELISA测得制备的抗ALC蛋白的多克隆抗体的效价可达1∶64 000,Western Blotting检测证明该抗体有较强的针对ALC蛋白的专一性.这些数据表明重组质粒表达的ALC融合蛋白具有良好的抗原性,制备ALC的多克隆抗体有良好特异性和效价,能够满足针对ALC免疫印迹和细胞内定位检测等实验要求,为深入研究ALC蛋白在盘基网柄菌多细胞发育的功能作用提供了有力工具.     

SARS冠状病毒核衣壳蛋白基因的表达及其在SARS诊断中的应用

目的为SARS感染后建立一种特异性免疫学诊断方法,为基因疫苗的研制提供备选实验材料.方法利用基因重组的方法,在大肠杆菌中表达了SARS冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)N蛋白全长基因,经包涵体的初步纯化,金属螯合层析进一步纯化N蛋白,SDS-PAGE电泳和ELISA方法进行结果检测.结果N蛋白抗原与30名SARS感染患者血清结合全部为阳性,对照组30名正常人血清为阴性,30名发热但非SARS患者血清为阴性.结论利用基因重组的方法对SARS-CoV N蛋白进行了表达和纯化,证明该重组N蛋白抗原具有良好的反应特异性,是良好的应用于病毒感染早期诊断的抗原.完全可用于组构检测核心抗体的诊断试剂.并建立了免疫学的检测方法,为抗体检测提供了安全、方便的手段,并为基因工程疫苗研究奠定了基础.     

Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒包膜糖蛋白L基因片段的克隆及高效表达

 采用PCR方法扩增HSV-1病毒型特异性包膜糖蛋白L(gL)基因片段并克隆至原核表达载体pGEX-5X-1获得重组质粒pGEX-5X-1-gL,将重组质粒转化E.coli BL21表达菌后经IPTG诱导表达目的蛋白.SDS-PAGE蛋白检测表明,在分子质量56 ku处有HSV-1 GST-gL融合蛋白的高效表达,通过IPTG浓度筛选和诱导前表达菌扩增培养时间的比较分析对诱导条件进行了优化,GST-gL融合蛋白表达量可达到菌体蛋白总量的48.65%.Western blot中利用HSV-1灭活病毒获得的多克隆抗体确证所表达蛋白为HSV-1病毒组分.这一表达系统的建立和优化对进一步探讨HSV-1 gL蛋白功能及其免疫原性提供了有利条件.     

Design and optimization of a linker for fusion protein construction

Bivalent, bispecific single-chain antibody fusion protein construction appears to be a promising tool for tumor therapy. One of its drawbacks is that the function and activity of the fusion proteins have varied affinity and/or anti-tumor activity compared with the original molecules from which they are derived. A more optimized linker for fusion proteins would confer more favorable biological activities upon bispecific single-chain antibodies. Thus, it is critical to design and optimize an inter-peptide linker. With different functional domains and optimized linkers, fusion proteins provide a solid base for targeted immune therapy for malignancies. In this paper, we review the inter-peptide linker studies and the design of an optimized linker using genetic algorithms. The spatial structure of the fusion protein can be predicted by using genetic and bioinformatics research. Based on current research, the future focus will be on different correlation models to perform simulations of spatial structures and drug molecule design.     

CpG DNA enhances the immune responses elicited by the DNA vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease virus in guinea pigs

CpG DNA is DNA sequence that has immune stimulatory effects. Several lines of investigation over the past few years indicate that CpG DNA plays an important role in the induction of immune responses to DNA vaccines. In this study, CpG DNA-containing synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) was cloned into the eukaryotic expression plasmid encoding a fusion protein containing b- galactosidase from E. coli and immunogenic epitopes of foot- and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type O, and the immune responses induced by the plasmid were assayed. The results showed that guinea pigs immunized with the recombinant plasmid containing CpG-ODN generated a higher level of FMDV-neutralizing antibody and a stronger T cell proliferative response and protection against viral challenge than those receiving the plasmid containing no CpG-ODN. Our study demonstrated that it is an effective route to enhance the efficacy of DNA vaccines by inserting exogenous CpG DNA into the plasmids, and the DNA vaccine developed here is a promising candidate to prevent FMDV infection.     

Transplanted bone marrow regenerates liver by cell fusion

Results from several experimental systems suggest that cells from one tissue type can form other tissue types after transplantation. This could be due to the presence of multipotential or several types of adult stem cells in donor tissues, or alternatively, to fusion of donor and recipient cells. In a model of tyrosinaemia type I, mice with mutations in the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase gene (Fah-/-) regain normal liver function after transplantation of Fah+/+ bone marrow cells, and form regenerating liver nodules with normal histology that express Fah. Here we show that these hepatic nodules contain more mutant than wild-type Fah alleles, and that their hepatocytes express both donor and host genes, consistent with polyploid genome formation by fusion of host and donor cells. Using bone marrow cells marked with integrated foamy virus vectors that express green fluorescent protein, we identify common proviral junctions in hepatic nodules and haematopoietic cells. We also show that the haematopoietic donor genome adopts a more hepatocyte-specific expression profile after cell fusion, as the wild-type Fah gene was activated and the pan-haematopoietic CD45 marker was no longer expressed.     

重组猪生长激素抗体的制备与纯化

为了获得重组猪生长激素抗体,对重组猪生长激素融合基因的真核表达产物进行免疫印迹(Western blot)检测,将利用DNA重组技术构建的重组质粒pPGH020在大肠杆菌(E.coli)BL21中进行诱导表达.表达产物经Ni+亲和层析柱纯化,获得纯化的重组猪生长激素融合蛋白.然后以此为抗原免疫新西兰大白兔,获得多克隆抗体,抗体再经硫铵沉淀、透析和亲和层析纯化.Western印迹结果表明,该纯化抗体显示了良好的免疫反应,其灵敏度比兔抗rpGH抗血清提高50倍,为猪生长激素融合基因在真核细胞的表达及功能鉴定奠定了基础.     

暗纹东方纯CD8α基因克隆、原核表达与多克隆抗体制备

CD8是与Ⅰ型主要组织相容性复合体（MHCI）结合，是T细胞表面受体（TCR）的共受体．也是T淋巴细胞表面的重要标志物。该研究报道了暗纹东方纯胸腺等组织中克隆获得CD8αcDNA序列及其相应的基因组序列。克隆到的cDNA序列全长1061bp，包含1个657bp的开放读码框（ORF），编码218个氨基酸；其对应的基因组序列为1533bp，包含5个内含子和6个外显子。生物信息学分析表明，D8d蛋白质序列由信号肽、胞外可变区、铰链区、跨膜区和胞内区5部分组成。胞外区的可变区和铰链区部分各有两个高度保守的半胱氨酸残基，可能参与链内和链间二硫键的形成。氨基酸序列多重比对表明，暗纹东方鲍与其他鱼类的CD80α，特别是与鲽形目鱼类具有较高的同源性。为进一步研究暗纹东方纯CD8的生物学功能，构建了表达CD8α成熟肽胞外区的重组质粒，诱导表达出重组蛋白。以纯化的重组蛋白为抗原免疫大白兔，制备了抗血清。经间接ELISA法检测抗体效价表明。获得了高效价的特异性暗纹东方纯CD8c~抗体，为进一步研究CD8在鱼类淋巴细胞进化和适应性免疫中的作用奠定了基础。     

人细胞周期蛋白D1在大肠杆菌BL21中的表达及纯化

将人细胞周期蛋白D1全长cDNA克隆入原核表达载体pET-28c(+)中, 经酶切和测序鉴定正确的重组质粒转化E.coli BL21(DE3)后获得表达菌株. 该菌株经IPTG诱导高效表达出带有组氨酸标签的以包涵体形式存在的融合蛋白, 表达量占菌体总蛋白的23%. 包涵体经洗涤和溶解， 在变性条件下利用Ni²⁺螯合柱纯化、 尿素梯度复性后， 得到纯度达98%以上的纯化蛋白. SDS-PAGE显示纯化蛋白的分子量约为43 ０００， Western-b lot分析表明， 在相应分子量处有一特异性条带， 说明成功表达和纯化重组人细胞周期蛋白D1.     

Structure of the Ebola virus glycoprotein bound to an antibody from a human survivor

Ebola virus (EBOV) entry requires the surface glycoprotein (GP) to initiate attachment and fusion of viral and host membranes. Here we report the crystal structure of EBOV GP in its trimeric, pre-fusion conformation (GP1+GP2) bound to a neutralizing antibody, KZ52, derived from a human survivor of the 1995 Kikwit outbreak. Three GP1 viral attachment subunits assemble to form a chalice, cradled by the GP2 fusion subunits, while a novel glycan cap and projected mucin-like domain restrict access to the conserved receptor-binding site sequestered in the chalice bowl. The glycocalyx surrounding GP is likely central to immune evasion and may explain why survivors have insignificant neutralizing antibody titres. KZ52 recognizes a protein epitope at the chalice base where it clamps several regions of the pre-fusion GP2 to the amino terminus of GP1. This structure provides a template for unravelling the mechanism of EBOV GP-mediated fusion and for future immunotherapeutic development.     

人超氧化物歧化酶-过氧化氢酶融合基因的构建、表达及其产物的初步纯化和性质研究

尝试应用基因工程技术制备一种兼具人超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的双功能融合蛋白CAT-PTD-SOD,其中的PTD是序列为RKKRRQRRR的短肽.首先通过重叠PCR构筑CAT-PTD-SOD融合基因,然后把该基因转化进入大肠杆菌表达菌株Rosetta 2(DE3)菌株.通过SDS-PAGE、CAT和SOD活性分析以及分离纯化组分的分析确认该重组菌株能够表达CAT-PTD-SOD,其表达量可达总蛋白的8.9%,SDS-PAGE显示其分子量约为85 kD.可溶性实验发现该融合蛋白大部分以兼具SOD和CAT活性的可溶形式存在.抗H2O2能力实验表明CAT-PTD-SOD具有很好的抗H2O2能力,在0.033 mol.L-1、甚至0.067 mol.L-1的H2O2溶液中,其SOD活性20 min内无明显下降.     

Inducible expression pattern of rice Bowman-Birk inhibitor gene<Emphasis Type="Italic">OsWIP1-2</Emphasis> and its protease inhibitory activity

The WIP1-2 gene was cloned from rice. It be-longs to the Bowman-Birk inhibitor gene family. Northernblot showed that expression of this gene was induced bywounding and jasmonic acid (JA). It indicates that the OsWIPI gene plays an important role in the rice defense sys-tem. The OsWIP1-2 was cloned into pET28a and expressed inE. coli. Its expressed product was purified in the form offusion protein and tested for the inhibitory activities againsttrypsin and chymotrypsin. It was found that the fusion pro-tein could inhibit chymotrypsin, but not trypsin. It was alsofound that the His tag at its C-terminal affected its inhibitoryactivity significantly. The fusion protein with a naturalC-terminal had the inhibitory activity, while no inhibitoryactivity was detected in the fusion protein with a (His)6-tag atits C-terminal. This implies that extra amino acid residues atthe C-terminal of OsWIP1-2 may interfere with its correctfolding. The inhibitory assay indicated that the members ofrice Bowman-Birk inhibitor gene family probably differenti-ated both in their structure and function.     

人穿孔素羧基端肽段的表达纯化与活性鉴定

穿孔素,即成孔蛋白（pore forming protein,PFP),其溶细胞作用与免疫调节和自身免疫病以及其它多种疾病过程中的免疫性病理损伤相关。为得到足够量的PFP建立与之相关的免疫学研究手段用于基础和临床研究,在已克隆人PFP cDNA的基础上,用基因工程方法表达了人PFP C端124个氨基酸肽段（hPFP-C),并通过谷胱甘肽琼脂糖新和层析获得纯化的GST/hPFP-C融合蛋白,经凝血酶酶切和再次北极和层析去除GST部分,得到了纯化的hPFP-C蛋白。纯化的hPFP-C蛋白与兔红细胞共育,呈现钙依赖的溶血活性。     

小鼠非清髓性单倍体相合骨髓移植模型的建立

目的建立小鼠非清髓性单倍体相合骨髓移植模型,为研究移植前诱导免疫耐受或移植后输注供者细胞促进植入提供研究平台。方法以CB6F1雌性小鼠为受鼠,移植前1 d予450 cGy全身照射（TBI）后,随机分为2组,实验组移植0 d输注C57BL/6雄性小鼠骨髓有核细胞5×107/只,对照组不予移植。然后监测受鼠造血恢复、检测供鼠性别决定基因（SRY）判断植入情况,以及外周血供者细胞尤其CD3＋细胞嵌合状态,同时观察小鼠急性移植物抗宿主病（aGVHD）的发生情况。结果对照组小鼠均存活,仅表现轻度aGVHD,血象移植后30 d内基本恢复正常水平。实验组小鼠SRY基因在移植后＋14 d、＋30 d、＋60 d时检测PCR结果均阳性,供鼠外周血淋巴细胞、单核细胞、粒细胞嵌合率在移植后14 d分别为23.8%、36.9%%、19.4%;30 d分别为49.9%、53.2%、54.4%;60 d分别为67.6%、51.6%、56.9%,其中CD3＋细胞嵌合率分别为4.4%、21.2%、54.4%。结论 450 cGyTBI的非清髓性预处理方案,可以诱导受鼠免疫耐受、供者骨髓细胞植入,嵌合率处于中低水平混合嵌合状态。