纳米CeO2粉体发光性能的研究

采用草酸沉淀法制备了纳米CeO2粉体,通过XRD、TEM等测试手段对其进行了结构表征和形貌分析;应用荧光光谱法对样品的发光性能进行了测试;探讨了纳米CeO2粉体的发光机理以及热处理温度对其发光性能的影响．结果表明,实验所得的纳米CeO2为立方萤石结构,其颗粒尺寸约为20-30nm,形貌接近于球形．纳米CeO2粉体具有良好的紫蓝色发光性能,主要是Ce4f→O2p跃迁和缺陷能级→O2p跃迁共同作用的结果,其发光强度随热处理温度的升高而增强．     

CeO_2:Eu~(3+)薄膜的制备及其发光性能研究

采用Pechini法制备Eu3+掺杂的CeO2:Eu3+薄膜.利用X射线衍射(XRD)﹑原子力显微镜(AFM)和光致荧光光谱(PL)对样品进行表征.结果表明:薄膜样品在700℃就结晶成纯面心立方萤石结构的多晶薄膜;PL激发谱中,300～360 nm的宽带激发峰起源于基质CeO2的吸收.     

酸性水热合成 CeO2纳米颗粒的光学和磁学性质

以CeCl3·7H2 O为铈源、NH3· H2 O为矿化剂、HCl为酸性调节剂,利用水热法成功制备了二氧化铈纳米颗粒．采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM ）、紫外‐可见分光光度计（UV‐Vis）、荧光分光光度计（PL ）、拉曼光谱（Raman）和振动样品磁强计（VSM ）等分析测试手段,对CeO2纳米颗粒的晶相、形貌、光学和磁学性质进行了表征．XRD测试结果表明样品的晶格参数略高于块状CeO2的,并随着pH值的增大而减小．所有样品的形貌均为球形．从紫外‐可见吸收光谱中,估计出的样品直接带隙值小于块状CeO2的,且此值随pH值的增加而增加．pH值为2时合成样品具有室温铁磁性,此性质的出现可能与Ce3＋和氧空位的存在有关．     

沉淀法合成的纳米CeO2前驱体的热分解动力学

以Ce(NO3)3.6H2O为铈源,(NH4)2 CO3.H2O为沉淀剂,加入少量PEG4000作为分散剂,采用化学沉淀法并经水洗、超声波醇洗,70℃干燥后得到CeO2的前驱体Ce2(CO3)3.H2 O。对Ce2(CO3)3.H2 O样品运用差示/热重分析(DSC/TG)和X射线衍射(XRD)方法进行其热分解过程研究,并通过多重速率扫描法记录样品在不同升温速率下的DSC/TG曲线,采用Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose(KAS)法和Coats-Redfern法进一步研究Ce2(CO3)3.H2 O的热分解动力学。研究结果表明:Ce2(CO3)3.H2 O热分解反应过程分2步进行,主要反应阶段的反应动力学参数是:反应活化能为105.51 kJ/mol,反应级数为2,频率因子为3.61;由此推断出可能的Ce2(CO3)3.H2 O热分解机理函数为Anti-Jander方程,受三维扩散机制控制。     

Influence of CeO<Subscript>2</Subscript> addition on the preparation of foamed glass-ceramics from high-titanium blast furnace slag

Foamed glass-ceramics doped with cerium oxide (CeO₂) were successfully prepared from high-titanium blast furnace slag by one-step sintering. The influence of CeO₂ addition (1.5wt%–3.5wt%) on the crystalline phases, microstructure, and properties of foamed glass-ceramics was studied. Results show that CeO₂ improves the stability of the glass phase and changes the two-dimensional crystallization mechanism into three-dimensional one. XRD analysis indicates the presence of Ca(Mg, Fe)Si₂O₆ and Ca(Ti, Mg, Al)(Si, Al)₂O₆ in all sintered samples. Added with CeO₂, TiCeO₄ precipitates, and crystallinity increases, leading to increased thickness of pore walls and uniform pores. The comprehensive properties of foamed glass-ceramics are better than that of samples without CeO₂. In particular, the sample added with a suitable amount of CeO₂ (2.5wt%) exhibits bulk density that is similar to and compressive strength (14.9 MPa) that is more than twice of foamed glass-ceramics without CeO₂.     

Ce-Y-O固溶体及其PdO/Ce-Y-O催化剂的制备，表征和CH4氧化性能

采用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ce-Y-O固溶体,并用XRD和Raman对Ce-Y-O固溶体的物相结构进行了表征,发现当n(Ce)/n(Ce+Y)(摩尔比)≥0.6时,Ce-Y-O固溶体为面心立方结构,而n(Ce)/n(Ce+Y)≤0.5时为体心立方结构。固溶体的生成有利于提高氧化还原性能。Ce-Y-O固溶体担载PdO催化剂的CH4氧化活性表明,n(Ce)/n(Ce+Y)对担载PdO催化剂的CH₄氧化活性影响很大,当n(Ce)/n(Ce+Y)=0.8时催化剂活性最高,CH₄转化率50%的温度为350℃,完全转化温度为600℃。     

高温热退火时异质结薄膜CeO_2/Si界面扩散-反应的机理研究

基于CeO2／Si异质结在氧气氛下高温退火界面存在扩散反应过程，建立了扩散－反应方程，对有关的实测数据进行了计算机拟会，其结果与实验能很好地吻合．不同温度下的拟合结果还表明，异质结界面处O，Ce，Si的扩散系数及Si的氧化反应系数均随温度指数上升，并计算出扩散反应激活能．     

Doping effect on thermoelectric properties of nonstoichiometric AgSbTe<Subscript>2</Subscript> compounds

Nonstoichiometric ternary thermoelectric materials Ag_0.84Sb_1.15M_0.01Te_2.16 (M=Ce, Yb, Cu) were prepared by a direct melt-quench and hot press process. The carrier concentration of all the samples increased after doping. Thermoelectric properties, namely electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal conductivity, were measured from 300 to 673 K. The phase transition occurring at about 418 K representing the phase transition from β-Ag₂Te to α-Ag₂Te influenced the electrical transport properties. The electrical conductivities of Ce and Yb doped samples increased after doping from 1.9×10⁴ to 2.5×10⁴ and 2.3×10⁴ S·m⁻¹, respectively, at 673 K. Also, at room temperature, the Seebeck coefficient of the Ce doped sample relatively increased corresponding to the high carrier concentration due to the changes in the band structure. However, all the thermal conductivities increased after doping at low temperature. Because of the higher thermal conductivity, the dimensionless figure of merit ZT of these doped samples has not been improved.     

Preparation of activated ceria and its desulfurization performance

Activated ceria (CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃) prepared by impregnation was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). The desulfurization of the activated ceria was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The results showed that ceria could be highly dispersed or crystallized on the surface of γ-alumina. The reduction temperatures of 0.1CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃, 0.45CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃, and CeO₂ ranged from 250℃ to 470℃, 330℃ to 550℃, and 350℃ to 550℃, respectively. The reduction peak temperature of 0.45CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃ was higher than that of 0.1CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃, which was consistent with the reduction temperature of CeO₂. O₂ participated in the reaction between ceria and sulfur dioxide. The desulfurization product was cerium(Ⅲ) sulfate. The intensity of the hydroxyl band decreased with the formation of sulfate species.     

CeO_2:Eu~(3+)发光粉的制备与光谱研究

通过高温固相反应法制备掺Eu3+基质为CeO2的发光粉系列样品,并对其做X射线衍射谱(XRD)和光致发光谱(PL)检测.结果表明,在Eu3+掺杂浓度为0.2at.%～10at.%的范围内,Eu3+完全进入了CeO2的晶格,形成固溶体Ce1-xEuxO2;Eu3+的发射峰强度依赖于Eu3+的掺杂浓度,在Eu3+的含量为1at.%时最强,随后出现浓度猝灭.     

乙苯脱氢制苯乙烯Fe_2O_3-K_2O系催化剂的XPS研究

对铈、钼助催的Fe_2O_3-K_2O乙苯脱氢制苯乙烯催化剂使用前后和工业用后卸下的样品作XPS研究,结果表明:用后催化剂中铁以Fe~(2+)和e~(3+)两种价态并存,表面上生成一定量羟基,反应条件下钾和氧化铁发生作用生成新相K_2Fe_2O_4,它也是活性相,表面钾被水蒸汽溶解随物料流动而迁移流失,钾的流失是失活的重要原因,还有结构因素的影响,在催化剂表面铈以CeO_2微晶存在,反应条件下部分被还原,因而增加了晶格氧的活动性和电子传递渠道,通过促进氧转移脱氢而使催化剂脱氢活性增加。     

高温固相法制备Sm2O3掺杂La2Ce2O7热障涂层材料

以La2 O3、CeO2和Sm2 O3为原料,采用高温固相反应法制备了Sm2 O3部分掺杂La2 Ce2 O7热障涂层陶瓷材料,其化学式为(SmxLa1-x)2Ce2O7.采用X射线衍射法研究了试样的物相结构,并通过对比各实验条件下制备的试样的X射线衍射图谱,对试样的掺杂比例、烧制温度及烧制时间进行了探究.结果表明,所制备试样为萤石结构,当掺杂摩尔比Sm：La为1：2或1：3时试样均能保持良好的相结构,以掺杂摩尔比Sm：La=1：2制备的( Sm0.33 La0.67)2 Ce2 O7材料在1600℃下具有良好的相稳定性,且其最佳制备条件为1550℃下烧制10 h,该材料是一种很有潜力的新型热障涂层陶瓷材料.     

TiO_2/CeO_2复合薄膜的制备及其电化学发光性质

以Ce(NO3)3.6H2O和Ti(OC4H9)4为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法,在ITO导电玻璃基底上制备TiO2/CeO2复合薄膜.利用SEM、XRD、UV、FT-IR等测试手段对它们的形貌、晶型等进行表征.通过循环伏安法(CV)对所得薄膜的电化学发光(ECL)性质进行研究.结果表明:TiO2/CeO2复合薄膜的电化学发光性能比单纯TiO2薄膜有很大提高.     

稀土掺杂纳米二氧化钛染毒对大鼠生化指标的影响

探讨了稀土铈掺杂纳米二氧化钛(纳米TiO2、Ce/TiO2和CeO2/TiO2)经口长期染毒对大鼠血清生化指标的影响。方法:以每只0.15 g/kg的初始剂量给大鼠灌胃染毒,每4天递增1.5倍剂量,共染毒28 d。采集测定各组大鼠第4、16、28 d血清生化指标的变化。结果:长期毒性第4和16 d TiO2、Ce/TiO2和CeO2/TiO2三组大鼠血清生化AST和LDH活力明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。长期毒性的第28 d Ce/TiO2和CeO2/TiO2三组大鼠血清生化ALT活力明显高于对照组(P<0.05),Ce/TiO2组大鼠血清的BUN活力明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:纳米TiO2、Ce/TiO2和CeO2/TiO2长期染毒对大鼠血清LDH、AST、ALT活力及BUN水平有不同程度的影响,与其他两组相比,纳米TiO2组对大鼠生化指标的影响最小。     

Synthesis and characterization of Co<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> prepared from atmospheric pressure acid leach liquors of nickel laterite ores

A chemical precipitation-thermal decomposition method was developed to synthesize Co₃O₄ nanoparticles using cobalt liquor obtained from the atmospheric pressure acid leaching process of nickel laterite ores. The effects of the precursor reaction temperature, the concentration of Co2+, and the calcination temperature on the specific surface area, morphology, and the electrochemical behavior of the obtained Co₃O₄ particles were investigated. The precursor basic cobaltous carbonate and cobaltosic oxide products were characterized and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area analysis, and electrochemical analysis. The results indicate that the specific surface area of the Co₃O₄ particles with a diameter of 30 nm, which were obtained under the optimum conditions of a precursor reaction temperature of 30℃, 0.25 mol/L Co2+, and a calcination temperature of 350℃, was 48.89 m2/g. Electrodes fabricated using Co₃O₄ nanoparticles exhibited good electrochemical properties, with a specific capacitance of 216.3 F/g at a scan rate of 100 mV/s.     

静电纺丝技术制备二氧化铈纳米纤维

采用静电纺丝技术制备了PVP／Ce（NO3）3复合微米纤维,研究了反应体系的最佳组成,获得了最佳制备条件。将PVP／Ce（NO3）3复合微米纤维在600℃焙烧10h,获得了晶态CeO2纳米纤维。XRD分析表明,PVP／Ce（NO3）3复合纤维为无定型,CeO2纳米纤维为立方晶系,空间群为OH^5-F^M3m。SEM分析表明,PVP／Ce（NO3）3复合微米纤维表面光滑,平均直径约为1．0～2．0μm;所制备的CeO2纳米纤维的平均直径为300nm,长度大于50μm。     

负载金催化剂Au/CeO2的制备及其催化氧化性质表征

文中利用简单方法制备出高效的CeO2载体,并通过沉积-沉淀法成功制备出新型催化剂Au/CeO2;通过表征发现,500℃培烧出来的Au/CeO2催化剂对CO氧化活性最高。     

CeO2对原位自生Al2O3-TiCP/Al基复合材料组织结构的影响

利用Al-TiO2-C体系熔铸法制备含稀土CeO2原位自生Al2O3-TiCP/Al基复合材料.借助差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等测试技术,对Al-TiO2-C体系的组织结构进行了详尽的分析,讨论了对稀土CeO2铝对Al2O3-TiCP/Al基复合材料的影响规律.实验结果表明,稀土CeO2的加入可改善陶瓷颗粒Al2O3和TiC与熔体的润湿性,而且有效的细化和净化了组织,降低了反应温度.稀土CeO2添加剂含量为0.5%时利用熔铸法制备的复合材料中原位形成的Al2O3,TiC颗粒尺寸较小,分布均匀.     

Synthesis and characterization of Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>@SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> magnetic composite nanoparticles by a one-pot process

Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ core–shell composite nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a one-pot process. Tetraethyl-orthosilicate was used as a surfactant to synthesize Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ core–shell structures from prepared Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The properties of the Fe₃O₄ and Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ composite nanoparticles were studied by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The prepared Fe₃O₄ particles were approximately 12 nm in size, and the thickness of the SiO₂ coating was approximately 4 nm. The magnetic properties were studied by vibrating sample magnetometry. The results show that the maximum saturation magnetization of the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ powder (34.85 A·m2·kg–1) was markedly lower than that of the Fe₃O₄ powder (79.55 A·m2·kg–1), which demonstrates that Fe₃O₄ was successfully wrapped by SiO₂. The Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ composite nanoparticles have broad prospects in biomedical applications; thus, our next study will apply them in magnetic resonance imaging.     

CeO2掺杂ZnO薄膜制备和紫外吸收性能

 研究射频磁控溅射技术制备的CeO2掺杂ZnO薄膜的结构及紫外光吸收性能。结果显示,ZnO（002）晶面的晶面间距增大,由于晶格畸变的增加导致薄膜中的内应力也相应增加,随着CeO2掺入量的增加,引起ZnO晶格的进一步松弛,因此ZnO将呈混晶方式生长;由于ZnO的晶粒同时有多个生长方向,因而抑制了ZnO晶粒（002）取向生长度的速度,导致了晶粒尺寸的逐渐降低,薄膜的C轴择优取向性随CeO2含量的升高而降低。CeO2掺杂样品与纯ZnO薄膜的吸收谱的形状没有大的改变,吸收峰形基本一致,掺CeO2使薄膜的紫外吸收显著增强,吸收边明显向短波方向移动,吸收边的斜率有微小提高,吸收峰宽度略微增大,吸收强度增加。