跨膜离子回旋谐振运动的计算及分析

从离子在电磁场作用下的基本运动方程出发，对在不同频率和幅值的外场作用下跨膜离子的运动特性进行了数值分析，揭示了离子发生谐振的外场参数条件。指出离子谐振时动能随时间迅速增长，并且在离散的谐振点上。离子动能的增长速度随交变磁场幅值的增大而增大，离上谐振运动能够获得很大的功能，通过能量转换，可能导致磁生物效应的发生。     

轴向变速运动黏弹性梁稳态响应：近似分析及其数值验证

用近似解析方法分析轴向变速黏弹性梁横向非线性参数振动并进行数值验证．基于轴向速度有周期涨落的有限小变形细长梁的非线性模型,用多尺度法建立了亚谐波共振时的可解性条件,进而导出稳态周期响应的幅值及其存在条件．稳定稳态周期解的幅值随轴向速度涨落幅值的增大而增大,随黏弹性系数或非线性系数的增大而减小;使稳态周期响应存在的解谐参数下限随轴向速度涨落幅值的增大而减小,随黏弹性系数的增大而增大．采用有限差分法数值求解描述梁横向运动的非线性偏微分方程和非线性偏微分——积分方程．计算结果定性验证了近似解析方法预测的相关参数对稳定稳态周期响应幅值和存在条件的影响,定量比较表明解析结果有较高的精度．     

有界噪声参激下Duffing振子混沌运动的数值方法

研究了有界噪声参激下Duffing振子出现混沌运动的可能性.用数值方法计算了该系统的最大Lyapunov指数,由最大Lyapunov指数为零,给出了出现混沌的临界激励幅值,发现在噪声强度大于一定值后,临界幅值均随噪声强度的增大而增大.     

双驱动热声热机谐振管中声波的传播特性研究

分析了双驱动热声热机谐振管中声波的传播特性,通过分析指出,对于双驱动的热声热机,可以通过改变其反射系数和驱动声源的驱动相位差,进而实现谐振管声场的声压幅值和声场相位的改变.理论研究表明,在|rp|=0.3,相位差为σπ=0.5π时的声压幅值大于σπ=π的声压幅值;而在σπ=0.5π时,声场幅值随反射系数|rp|的增大而增大.实验研究表明,在相位差σπ为常数时,通过改变不同的反射系数值,就可以实现谐振管中声场的调节;在反射系数|rp|为常数时,通过改变谐振管两边驱动声源的驱动电压值,也可以实现声场幅值和相位差的调节.这样就有利于调节结构已经确定的微型热声热机的最佳声场分布,使其达到最优热声转换效率,实现微型双驱动热声制冷机热声制冷效率的最优化.     

多个白噪声驱动下一维周期势中粒子的迁移率

高阻尼条件下推导了在加性和乘性白噪声共同驱动下一维周期势中运动粒子的迁移率公式．当周期势为余弦势时，发现：在加性白噪声的基础上，由于周期势幅涨落导致乘性白噪声的加入，使运动粒子的迁移率增大，并且在两个噪声强度一定的条件下，运动粒子的迁移率随周期势幅的增大而减少，直至为零．     

自作用电子在外场中的非定态状态

论述了在非相对论近似下自组织带电物质的量子理论．得到了关于自作用电子在外场中的Ehrenfest定理和量子力学Newton运动方程,利用它们研究了自作用电子的非定态状态．结果表明：在任意外场中自作用电子的质心作如此的运动,就象没有Coulomb自作用力一样．自作用电子在均匀外场中的波函数不随时间扩散而保待自己的大小和几何形状．     

非常态分子CH4在稀土La薄膜不同表面温度下的激活化学吸附

本用分子束改变平动能的方法，研究了非常态分子ＣＨ４在处于不同表面温度下的稀土Ｌａ薄膜上的激活化学吸附。实验结果表明，当非常态分子的平动能在１０．１－６４．０ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ之间变化时，只有能量大于５２．３ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ的分子才发生化学吸附，此值称为阈值。当非常态分子的平动能超过阈值时，初始粘着几率Ｓ０随平动能的增大而线性增加。当样品表面温度由５００Ｋ升至７００Ｋ时，虽然样品表面温度升高，但ＣＨ４的阈值     

基于有机分子亚铁磁体棱型自旋链外场下的热力学性质研究

基于近来有机高分子亚铁磁体在试验上成功的合成，本文采用量子转移矩阵方法，研究一维反铁磁-铁磁自旋1／2棱型自旋链在外场条件下低温下的热力学性质．磁化强度在低温下随外场的变化出现台阶式的平台结构，并表现出三个临界外场值，反映了系统磁相互耦合作用与热力学波动间的相互竞争；同时磁化率在外场下呈现双峰结构，其来源于系统在外场下的能隙和长程序参量的变化．本文的数值结果表明该棱型链与自旋1-1／2海森堡链性质一致．     

无阀压电泵用平面锥管的非稳态特性研究

利用CFX软件在不同Womersley数(Wo)下对锥角为5°和10°的平面锥管的非稳态特性进行了数值模拟研究,目的在于获得非稳态条件下影响无阀压电泵用平面锥管流动特性的因素。锥管进口设为随时间按正弦规律变化的压力边界条件,压力幅值分别取0.5、1和5kPa。结果表明:流量变化滞后于压力变化,且Wo越大,压力幅值越小,相位差越大;净流量随压力幅值和锥角的增大而增大;锥管扩散方向和收缩方向的压力损失系数随Wo的增大而增大,随压力幅值和锥角的增大而减小;低Wo下,压力幅值越大,微泵的整流效率越高,高Wo下,压力幅值越小,整流效率越高;非稳态流动产生的旋涡对无阀压电泵的输出性能有重要影响。     

强电场中氢负离子光剥离电子的波包演化

根据半经典的Herman—Kluk冻结高斯近似方法,研究了强电场中氢负离子光剥离电子波包随时间的演化问题,计算了波包的自关联函数．研究表明,电子波包的回归时间随外场增大而减小,在固定场下随波包的初动量增大而增大．数值计算结果显示,该方法是一种研究外场中电子波包演化的有效方法．     

极性晶体中强耦合慢运动磁极化子的有效质量

本文利用线性组合算符法和么正变换研究了极性晶体内强耦合慢运动磁极化子的特性。导出了磁极化子的基态能量、有效质量和回旋共振频率，作了数值计算，结果表明：磁极化子的基态能置随磁场B的增加而减少，有效质量和回旋共振频率随磁场B的增加而增大。     

Current-induced resonance and mass determination of a single magnetic domain wall

A magnetic domain wall (DW) is a spatially localized change of magnetization configuration in a magnet. This topological object has been predicted to behave at low energy as a composite particle with finite mass. This particle will couple directly with electric currents as well as magnetic fields, and its manipulation using electric currents is of particular interest with regard to the development of high-density magnetic memories. The DW mass sets the ultimate operation speed of these devices, but has yet to be determined experimentally. Here we report the direct observation of the dynamics of a single DW in a ferromagnetic nanowire, which demonstrates that such a topological particle has a very small but finite mass of 6.6 x 10(-23) kg. This measurement was realized by preparing a tunable DW potential in the nanowire, and detecting the resonance motion of the DW induced by an oscillating current. The resonance also allows low-current operation, which is crucial in device applications; a DW displacement of 10 microm was induced by a current density of 10(10) A m(-2).     

Coupled quantized mechanical oscillators

The harmonic oscillator is one of the simplest physical systems but also one of the most fundamental. It is ubiquitous in nature, often serving as an approximation for a more complicated system or as a building block in larger models. Realizations of harmonic oscillators in the quantum regime include electromagnetic fields in a cavity and the mechanical modes of a trapped atom or macroscopic solid. Quantized interaction between two motional modes of an individual trapped ion has been achieved by coupling through optical fields, and entangled motion of two ions in separate locations has been accomplished indirectly through their internal states. However, direct controllable coupling between quantized mechanical oscillators held in separate locations has not been realized previously. Here we implement such coupling through the mutual Coulomb interaction of two ions held in trapping potentials separated by 40?μm (similar work is reported in a related paper). By tuning the confining wells into resonance, energy is exchanged between the ions at the quantum level, establishing that direct coherent motional coupling is possible for separately trapped ions. The system demonstrates a building block for quantum information processing and quantum simulation. More broadly, this work is a natural precursor to experiments in hybrid quantum systems, such as coupling a trapped ion to a quantized macroscopic mechanical or electrical oscillator.     

Cyclotron resonance of composite fermions.

It is occasionally possible to interpret strongly interacting many-body systems within a single-particle framework by introducing suitable fictitious entities, or 'quasi-particles'. A notable recent example of the successful application of such an approach is for a two-dimensional electron system that is exposed to a strong perpendicular magnetic field. The conduction properties of the system are governed by electron-electron interactions, which cause the fractional quantum Hall effect. Composite fermions, electrons that are dressed with magnetic flux quanta pointing opposite to the applied magnetic field, were identified as apposite quasi-particles that simplify our understanding of the fractional quantum Hall effect. They precess, like electrons, along circular cyclotron orbits, but with a diameter determined by a reduced effective magnetic field. The frequency of their cyclotron motion has hitherto remained enigmatic, as the effective mass is no longer related to the band mass of the original electrons and is entirely generated from electron-electron interactions. Here we demonstrate enhanced absorption of a microwave field in the composite fermion regime, and interpret it as a resonance with the frequency of their circular motion. From this inferred cyclotron resonance, we derive a composite fermion effective mass that varies from 0.7 to 1.2 times that of the electron mass in vacuum as their density is tuned from 0.6 x 10(11) cm(-2) to 1.2 x 10(11) cm(-2).     

Determination of electron orbital magnetic moments in carbon nanotubes

The remarkable transport properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are determined by their unusual electronic structure. The electronic states of a carbon nanotube form one-dimensional electron and hole sub-bands, which, in general, are separated by an energy gap. States near the energy gap are predicted to have an orbital magnetic moment, mu(orb), that is much larger than the Bohr magneton (the magnetic moment of an electron due to its spin). This large moment is due to the motion of electrons around the circumference of the nanotube, and is thought to play a role in the magnetic susceptibility of CNTs and the magnetoresistance observed in large multiwalled CNTs. But the coupling between magnetic field and the electronic states of individual nanotubes remains to be quantified experimentally. Here we report electrical measurements of relatively small diameter (2-5 nm) individual CNTs in the presence of an axial magnetic field. We observe field-induced energy shifts of electronic states and the associated changes in sub-band structure, which enable us to confirm quantitatively the predicted values for mu(orb).     

带电粒子在成任意夹角的电场和磁场中的闭合轨道及其分叉现象研究

从哈密顿正则方程出发,推导出了带电粒子在电场和磁场成任意夹角时的运动方程.根据运动方程讨论了带电粒子的运动轨迹形成闭合轨道所满足的条件,借助于计算机编程对带电粒子的闭合轨道进行了模拟.计算结果表明：在交叉的电场和磁场中,带电粒子的闭合轨道是三维的.随着带电粒子能量的不断增大,闭合轨道的条数不断增多.当能量增加到某一边界能量时,一条新的闭合轨道出现,当能量大于此边界能量时,这条新的闭合轨道发生分叉,由一条分为两条.对应第j个边界能量,共有2j条闭合轨道出现,当能量在第j个和第j＋1个边界能量之间变化时,共有2j＋1条闭合轨道存在.     

场统一之后的思考

在场统一的基础上，提出并论证静电场E和磁场B1的统一体就是电磁运动所表现的“电磁空间”，万有引力场g和磁场B2的统一体就是机械运动表现的空间，称它为“牛顿空间”；明确磁场B1和磁场B2分别属电磁物质和机械物质的“动量场”；论证电荷属电磁运动的“电磁物质”；指出空间与物质是运动表现的矛盾的两个方面，都是运动存在的表现形式，肯定运动绝对性的概念，批评“唯物质论”者们坚持物质绝对化的错误；将物质的原概念进行必要延伸，给出物质新定义；又一次揭示空间的机械能势转换和守恒定律；根据空间和物质的本质关系，将力统一成矛盾的两类力，即“统一力”和“破坏力”；简述依据空间属性否定电磁波属物质的观点，强调应充分重视它传递信息的本质属性。     

磁流变液中磁性颗粒成链与团聚的临界特征分析

热运动对纳米级磁流变液系统的颗粒团聚行为和宏观流变特性扰动影响不可忽视.为研究施加外磁场后系统微结构与热运动间的关系，探讨在不同颗粒粒径情况下热运动能量在系统总能量中的占比.采用CCD设计方法，分析Monte Carlo仿真获取的颗粒位形信息，生成关于外磁场磁感应强度、颗粒粒径和体积分数的系统热耦合系数<λ>回归模型;成链团聚的临界颗粒粒径计算值比文献经验值高出约23%，证实在考虑系统内多因素的综合影响下，纳米级磁流变液具有更严格的流变现象临界发生条件.     

2∶1内共振下超临界输流管道的强迫振动

高流速输流管道广泛应用于航空航天发动机等领域。为了掌握其在超临界流速下的动力学响应特征,本文基于坐标变换法建立了超临界输流管道的运动方程,并使用Galerkin截断法将运动方程离散为非线性常微分方程。通过增量谐波平衡法求解系统具有2:1内共振时的非线性动力学响应,通过Floquet理论研究系统响应的稳定性和分岔行为,并使用数值积分法模拟了系统的拟周期响应。研究结果表明：当系统存在2:1内共振时,系统响应发生不对称的双跳跃现象;而且2:1内共振会导致能量在模态间相互转移,导致系统发生鞍结点分岔和Hopf分岔行为,引起系统响应的拟周期行为。分析系统参数对响应的影响表明,增加阻尼和减小激励幅值可以降低系统发生拟周期响应的可能性。可见,2:1内共振是影响输流管道动力学特征的重要因素,因此设计中应该避免系统存在2:1内共振,也可通过增加阻尼或减小激励的方式减少系统发生拟周期响应。     

Resonance effects indicate a radical-pair mechanism for avian magnetic compass

Migratory birds are known to use the geomagnetic field as a source of compass information. There are two competing hypotheses for the primary process underlying the avian magnetic compass, one involving magnetite, the other a magnetically sensitive chemical reaction. Here we show that oscillating magnetic fields disrupt the magnetic orientation behaviour of migratory birds. Robins were disoriented when exposed to a vertically aligned broadband (0.1-10 MHz) or a single-frequency (7-MHz) field in addition to the geomagnetic field. Moreover, in the 7-MHz oscillating field, this effect depended on the angle between the oscillating and the geomagnetic fields. The birds exhibited seasonally appropriate migratory orientation when the oscillating field was parallel to the geomagnetic field, but were disoriented when it was presented at a 24 degrees or 48 degrees angle. These results are consistent with a resonance effect on singlet-triplet transitions and suggest a magnetic compass based on a radical-pair mechanism.