自抗扰控制器在交流伺服系统中的应用

本文以交流伺服系统为被控对象，利用自抗扰控制器对其进行控制，并进行了大量的仿真实验。仿真结果表明，自抗扰控制器具有较强的鲁棒性和适应性．同时也得到了交流伺服系统的一种有效的控制方法。     

生物流化床氨氮废水处理过程自抗扰控制系统研究

内循环三相生物流化床氨氮废水处理过程的时间常数长达1 800 s,并有不确定性,是一类生化机理复杂、难以取得好的控制效果的对象.以该过程的主导数学模型为基础,用仿真方法研究自抗扰控制,以达到在有外扰和内扰时,出水氨氮浓度稳定达标和节能的目的.对控制器进行限幅,并整定一阶自抗扰控制器的各参数,获得给定阶跃和扰动阶跃输入下稳态误差为零、无超调,调整时间小于等于2 000 s的性能,对内扰和外扰都有较强的鲁棒性.自抗扰控制器的这一特性能克服被控对象模型不精确或不确定问题,从而可工程应用于生物流化床氨氮废水处理过程.     

车辆主动悬架舒适性的自抗扰控制

针对现有车辆主动悬架控制方法受模型精度影响较大的不足,提出汽车半车模型主动悬架的自抗扰控制方法,设计了主动悬架的自抗扰控制器。为验证自抗扰控制器的有效性,进行了随机路面输入试验,对比分析了自抗扰控制主动悬架、被动悬架以及LQG控制主动悬架的性能。相对于主动悬架常用控制方法,自抗扰控制器设计不需精确数学模型,干扰的抑制也不需扰动模型,控制方法简单。仿真试验结果表明,在所设计的控制器作用下,质心垂向加速度和前、后悬架动挠度均方根值分别下降39.2%,12.7%和14.9%;自抗扰控制器实现对主动悬架的控制,改善了车辆乘坐舒适性,且性能优于LQG控制。     

基于ADRC的无人机纵向通道控制

根据自抗扰控制器不依赖对象的精确数学模型以及能够对系统模型内扰和外界干扰进行补偿的特点,提出了在无人机纵向通道中引入自抗扰控制器的方法。设计的自抗控制器在不同的飞行状态下,不需要改变控制器参数,就能实现对俯仰指令的精确跟踪控制,以及速度回路与俯仰角回路的解耦控制。仿真结果表明,系统具有良好的动态响应和鲁棒性。     

基于DE算法的自抗扰控制器在并联型APF中的应用

PID控制器难以满足高性能的控制要求,自抗扰控制器不依赖于被控对象的模型,具有很好的鲁棒性、适应性,但其参数众多,不利于设计。本文介绍了自抗扰控制器的结构与工作原理,采用微分进化算法对自抗扰控制器进行参数整定,寻找较优的ADRC参数。在MATLAB/Simulink中,将寻优得到的参数应用于基于自抗扰控制的并联型有源电力滤波器中。静态与动态仿真结果表明,与常规整定方法相比,该方法简单有效,易于操作,提高了抑制谐波的能力,改善了系统的稳态性能。     

基于自抗扰控制的秒流量AGC研究

在传统秒流量AGC控制器的基础上,针对其系统非线性、时变及干扰因素多的特点,提出一种基于改进自抗扰控制的秒流量AGC控制方法。根据某四辊板带冷轧机各部分工作原理及相应的参数建立被控对象模型,并对传统秒流量AGC系统和基于改进自抗扰控制的秒流量AGC系统分别进行仿真分析。结果表明,基于改进自抗扰控制的秒流量AGC系统具有更好的动态响应、鲁棒性和抗干扰能力。     

球磨机制粉系统的线性自抗扰控制

球磨机制粉系统具有大惯性、大时滞和强耦合等特点,很难建立精确的数学模型。本文分析了球磨机制粉系统的动态特性,并为其设计分散线性自抗扰控制方案。该方案综合分散控制和线性自抗扰控制器的优点,结构简单,不依赖于对象精确模型,可以对被控对象中存在的耦合、干扰和不确定性等进行估计并补偿。根据实际现场要求,对球磨机制粉系统进行设定值跟踪实验、输入扰动实验和性能鲁棒性实验,并比较所设计方案与PID方案的控制性能。结果表明,分散线性自抗扰控制具有更强的解耦能力和抗干扰能力,且性能鲁棒性更优。     

自抗扰控制器在气压伺服控制系统中的应用

为提高控制系统的鲁棒性,增强干扰抑制能力,提出了适用于气压伺服系统的自抗扰控制器方案,并讨论了控制参数的整定.自抗扰控制器为非线性控制器,由跟踪微分器、扩张状态观测器和非线性状态误差反馈控制律3部分构成.扩张状态观测器可以实时观测系统状态和扩张状态,从而实现全状态反馈及系统不确定性和外扰的补偿控制.自抗扰控制器的设计不依赖于被控系统的精确数学模型,并对内外扰有较强的抑制能力,在整个系统工作区间都有良好的鲁棒性.仿真结果表明,自抗扰控制器对气动伺服系统模型的不确定性以及外干扰的鲁棒性较好,且具有较优的动态性能.     

四旋翼无人机滑模自抗扰控制

针对四旋翼无人机易受到非线性、多目标以及控制量受限和其他不确定性因素干扰的影响,本文基于自抗扰控制和滑模控制设计了一种滑模自抗扰控制器。在被控对象姿态角速度未知的情况下,该控制器采用扩张状态观测器对无人机的姿态角速度和未知干扰进行观测;再将估计的姿态角速度和干扰用于控制器的反馈和控制量的补偿;最后利用Lyapunov理论证明控制系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明,本文设计的滑模自抗扰控制器可以保证观测误差的快速收敛,实现被观测量的高精度估计;在姿态角速度未知的情况下,仍可保持稳定的姿态控制。     

循环流化床锅炉汽温系统的自抗扰控制

循环流化床汽温系统存在大滞后、大延迟、多时变、非线性等诸多问题,针对含时滞的回路,实施自抗扰控制,设计循环流化床锅炉(CFBB)串级汽温自抗扰控制系统,利用新型自抗扰控制器参数整定方法优化控制器参数,进行跟踪实验、扰动实验和鲁棒性实验。仿真结果表明:自抗扰控制技术能够使CFBB汽温控制系统的动态性能得到改善,过渡过程更加平稳,系统输出几乎没有超调,调节时间缩短,并且自抗扰控制器对被控对象参数变化有较好的性能鲁棒性。本文方法的有效性和适用性,为提高循环流化床锅炉汽温控制系统的控制品质提供新的思路。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Editorial note for the special topic on ＂Nanopore Analysis＂

The concept of nanopore analysis, using the pore-forming protein a-hemolysin to detect individual nucleic acids at a single-molecule level, was first proposed in 1996. Over the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in the nanopore field, and nanopore analysis has become a label-free and high-throughput method for probing bio- molecules and other analytes with single-molecule sensi- tivity, especially holds the promising for ＂third generation＂ DNA sequencing. However, challenges still remain in the experimental strategies and the design of whole nanopore-based instruments. Here, we proudly present a special topic dedicated to the topic of ＂Nanopore Analysis＂, with 8 reviews/articles providing up to date coverage of the experimental strategies, theoretical calcu- lations and simulations, and instrument design. Reviews and articles on the experimental strategies cover control of DNA partitioning into a nanopore, detection of target DNA, and the advantages of nanopore-based DNA sequencing. The theoretical calculations and simulations discuss the translocation behavior of DNA, and an inte- grated measurement system and data analysis software are presented for instrument design.     

Effects of climate change on biodiversity

1 Rise of studies on climate change＇s effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America＇s annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].     

Discussing the Expansive Learning in Modern Organizations

<正>1 Introduction Endeavours on learning methods have long occupied the mind spaces of scholars and there have been theories abound on how people learn and in what way organisations can use some of the knowledge gained in the art of learning to maximise human productivity.While the theories by themselves are not solutions to problems,they are steps of inquiry that provide us with interesting perspectives that we can use to extend our knowledge of the dimensions of learning.This paper is an exploratory work on the theories postulated by three notable scholars including Zimmerman