三种非质子酸催化剂的催化性能考察

用考察考察了氧化亚锡、钛酸四丁酯和六水合三氯化铁等3种非质子酸催化剂在石油酸酯化反应中的催化性能。结果表明，在180－230℃下，石油酸与一元醇的摩尔比为0．5，氧化亚锡或钛酸四丁酯用量占石油酸用量的1％－2％，反应3－4h4后都可使石油酸的酯化反应率达99％。在石油酸与二元醇的摩尔比为2．2时，氧化亚锡用量占石油酸用量的2％，反应4h可使二元醇烃基的酯化率达99％。氧化亚锡可重复使用，且酸液的后处理工艺简单。在120－140℃下，石油酸与一元醇的摩尔比为0．33－0．40，六水合三氯化铁的用量占石油酸用量的21％，反应4h可使石油酸的酯化率达到98％。     

催化氧化合成过氧乙酸的本征动力学

过氧乙酸是一种用途广泛的有机过氧化物.利用固体酸催化剂催化氧化乙酸从而间接氧化环己酮合成ε-己内酯是一种绿色生产过程,其中催化氧化乙酸生成过氧乙酸是关键步骤.借助化学滴定分析法,使用Mg/Sn/W复合氧化物为催化剂,以H2O2为氧化剂,以乙酸丁酯为共沸剂研究氧化乙酸生成过氧乙酸过程的本征动力学及过程中H2O2分解动力学.当催化剂粒径为160～200目时,内扩散影响可基本消除,当搅拌速度大于800 r·min－1时,外扩散可以忽略.使用幂函数型模型对动力学过程进行描述,研究结果表明,过氧乙酸生成反应本征动力学速率方程对H2O2、乙酸均为一级,反应活化能为6.76141×104 J·mol－1,指前因子为6.78090×106;适用于该反应过程体系的H2O2分解反应动力学的反应级数为1.59345,反应活化能为7.59041×104 J·mol－1,指前因子为1.08795×108.     

FeCl_3·6H_2O/SiO_2催化合成油酸正丁酯

以油酸和正丁醇为原料,SiO_2负载FeCl_3·6H_2O为催化剂,在120℃~145℃的温度下可催化合成油酸正丁酯.文章通过实验考察了反应条件对合成结果的影响.实验数据表明,FeCl_3·6H_2O/SiO_2催化合成油酸正丁酯的较佳反应条件是:催化剂的用量为3.0g(油酸用量为0.05 mol),反应物中醇酸摩尔比为1.6︰1,酯化反应回流时间为1 h,在此条件下酯化率最高可达到89.10%.     

Ni(VOPO_4)_2·4H_2O的合成与晶体结构

在V2O5－H3PO4－Ni－CH3NH2－H2O体系中,通过反应原料间的组装反应合成Ni（VOPO4）2·4H2O绿色晶体,并通过元素分析、IR、DTA－TGA及ESR谱进行表征．晶体结构由单晶X射线衍射法确定,晶体属四方晶系,I4／m空间群,a＝b＝0．6228（2）nm,c＝1．3327（4）nm,V＝0．5169（5）nm3,Z＝2．     

用氧化双观点解释酶促过氧化氢歧化分解的反应机理

认为过氧化酶（ＥＣ１．１１．１．６）催化过氧化氢歧化分解反应的机理是：过氧化氢酶结合一岔子Ｏ２形成化合物Ｉ后，催化该Ｈ２Ｏ异构化为一种氧化性能很强的Ｈ２Ｏ－Ｏ，然后，放出活性氧原子去氧化另一个Ｈ２Ｏ２分子产生２Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｏ２；并认为为Ｈ２Ｏ２异构化为Ｈ２Ｏ－Ｏ是该总反应的控制环节，据此观点，进行了单分子反应ＰＲＫＭ计算，其结果和实验基本一致。     

用差热分析研究环氧树脂固化反应动力学

用差热分析和红外光谱研究了双酚A二缩水甘油醚型环氧树脂与2－乙基－4－甲基咪唑固化反应的动力学，探讨了固化反应的机理。结果表明，此固化反应是分步进行的，第一步是加成反应，第二步是催化聚合反应，由此确定适宜采用分段固化工艺。通过DNA曲线推得固化工艺湿度，并计算固化反应各步活化能：E1＝36．8KJ.mol^-1,E2=53.9KJ.mol^-1。     

合成4—苯氧基苯甲酸的新工艺研究

以次氯酸钠为氧化剂,在相转移催化剂聚乙二醇（PEG）－400作用下,氧化4－苯氧基苯乙酮合成4－苯氧基苯甲酸,并对氧化反应的物料比、相转移催化剂的选择和用量以及反应混合液的pH等条件进行了较深入的研究,最佳条件为：4－苯氧基苯乙酮：次氯酸钠：PEG＝400为1mol:4mol：150mL,反应混合液的pH为12－13（要求次氯酸有效氯＞15％）,产品收率大于92％。     

过氧化物模拟酶催化氧化测定过氧化氢

在 pH9．58 NH_4Cl－NH_3·H_2O缓冲体系中,氯化血红素(Hemin)呈现过氧化物酶的催化性能,催化过氧化氢氧化有机染料2,4－二羟基苯基荧光酮(2,3,7－tirhydroxy－9(3,5－dihydroxy)phenylfluorone,DHPF)降解褪色．本文研究了Hemin－DHPF－H_2O_2催化体系的褪色反应条件,拟定了测定H_2O_2高灵敏度的光分析方法,测定H_2O_2的线性范围为 0~2．40 × 10－5mol/L,表观摩尔吸光系数为8．06×10~3L·mol-1·cm-1,检测线为2．48×10~6mol·L-1．根据理论计算和实验现象,探讨了酶催化反应的可能反应机理．     

栗子多酚氧化酶催化动力学及抑制机理的研究

用丙酮从栗子中提取多酚氧化酶, 用分光光度法测出酶催化反应的最佳条件是ｐＨ 值为６ ．３ , 温度为２５ ℃, 反应活化能等于２４ ．３６ ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－ １ , 米氏常数ＫＭ＝ １ ．０５４ ×１０ － ２ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１ ; 研究了八种抑制剂对酶活性的抑制作用,其中柠檬酸的抑制机理是属于可逆竞争性抑制, 求得与抑制有关的常数ＫＩ＝ １ ．３４ ×１０ － ２ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－ １ , 对果蔬的保鲜有重要的指导意义     

N-氧化吡啶-2-甲醛缩苯肼的晶体结构

在甲醇中通过N－氧化吡啶－2－甲醛与苯肼反应得Schiff碱N－氧化吡啶－2－甲醛缩苯肼，并用单晶X射线衍射测定其结构，Schiff碱分子式为C12H13N3O2，相对分子质量231．25，晶体属正交晶系，Pbca空间群，晶胞参数：a＝1．11327（16）nm，b＝0．81406（12）nm，c＝2．5782（4）nm，V＝2．335（6)nm^2，Z＝8，Dc＝1．315g.cm^-2，μ＝0．092mm^-1，F（000）＝976，结构偏离因子R1＝0．0389，wR2=0.1035,最佳吻合因子S＝0．661，化合物分子通过氢键（O（1）…O（1W）0．2719nm，O（1）…O（1Wa）0．275nm）形成一维链状结构。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.