控制水解Sol—gel法制备氧化钇稳定的ZrO2膜

应用硝酸钇水溶液和冰乙酸为水解剂,通过丙醇锆控制水解的溶胶凝胶法制备稳定的溶胶先驱物．研究表明：氧化物、水及酸的含量是影响氧化锆溶胶稳定性和胶凝时间的主要因素,而在溶胶中加进高聚物能够延长胶凝时间和调节溶胶粘度．氧化钇稳定的氧化锆膜是通过将多孔αＡｌ２Ｏ３衬底插入溶胶中,然后干燥和灼烧而制得．实验发现,为避免操作过程中出现裂纹和针孔要注意下述几点：（１）需要合适的溶胶浓度和粘度;（２）支撑体应有平滑的表面和窄的孔尺寸分布,并用高聚物溶液涂敷表面进行预处理;（３）在相对湿度３３７６％的气氛下干燥;（４）加热速率要低,特别在灼烧的早期阶段．     

丝光沸石的处理对萘异丙基化反应的影响

萘和丙烯的异丙基化反应是连串反应，生成不同烷基化程度的异构体。其中，2，6-二异丙基萘（2，6．diisopropylnaphthalene，简称2，6-DIPN）是制备高分子单体2，6．萘二甲酸的前体。采用水汽脱铅丝光沸石（SDHM）进行萘的择形异丙基化反应合成2，6-DIPN，效果优于用盐酸脱铝得到的丝光沸石。综合考察了影响SDHM催化性能的主要因素，优化后的处理条件为：水汽脱铝温度450℃，通水汽时间1．5h，灼烧温度450℃及灼烧时间6h。同时考察了丝光沸石中Na2O含量对SDHM催化性能的影响，发现较低的Na2O含量有利于提高沸石的活性、选择性和进一步脱铝。     

镧锰酸盐前驱体的制备及性能研究

首次用草酸共沉淀法和柠檬酸络合法分别制得了两种甲烷氧化偶联反应催化剂镧锰酸盐前驱体ＬａＭｎ（Ｃ２Ｏ４）２．５８Ｈ２Ｏ和ＬａＭｎ（Ｃｉｔ）２３ＨＮＯ３６Ｈ２Ｏ。通过元素分析、红外光谱、热重－差热等手段对这两个前驱体进行了表征，并对在１２７０°Ｃ灼烧后的两种样品进行了Ｘ－射线衍射分析、比表面测定和催化性能测试。     

从碳酸轻稀土提取二氧化铈

本实验，首先根据铈易被氧化成四价铈的性质，使Ce(OH)3lfnywx o C(OH)4.须稀酸（PH≈2．5）中，Ce(OH)4不溶解，而E（OH）3能溶解，使铈与其他轻稀土元素得到初级分离，再根据四价铈容易被磷酸三丁酯（TBP）萃取的性质，使铈得到进一步纯化，后经草酸沉淀、过滤、灼烧得到纯的二氧化铈。     

杨木制取高质量颗粒活性炭的研究

研究利用杨木和杨树枝丫材，制取高质量颗粒活性炭的工艺，先把杨树枝杈烧成木炭，再把木炭粉碎，添加复合粘结剂，混合成型，炭化和多步活化，制得高品位颗粒活性炭，其关键技术是使用了复合粘结剂和独特的加工方法，按本方法制得的杨木颗粒活性炭碘吸附值１３５４ｍｇ／ｇ，亚甲基兰吸附值１６ｍＬ／０．１ｇ（２４０ｍｇ／ｇ），苯吸附率３４．８％，强度（硬度）９５％，灼烧残渣（灰分）０．８３％。这些指标达到或超过不定型椰     

固相法制备氧化铁纳米粒子

采用固相法制备了氧化铁的纳米粒子，并对其进行了XRD谱图表征，发现产物氧化铁的晶型与灼烧温度及灼烧时间有关，随着灼烧温度的升高和灼烧时间的延长，氧化铁的晶型从γ型向α型转变。同时讨论了温度、时间等条件对产品粒径、产率等因素的影响。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定人参和西洋参中微量元素

采用干法灰化法处理样品，用HNO3溶解灼烧后的残渣，用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定溶液中Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn、Co、Ni、Ca、Mg、Cd、Pb等10种微量元素的含量．方法简便、快速，并获得满意结果．     

纳米TiO2的制备、表征及其表面光电性能研究

采用均匀沉淀和直接沉淀2种方法合成了纳米TiO2,对所得产物进行了透射电镜和粒度分布的测试．结果表明：均匀沉淀法制备的纳米TiO2粒度分布均匀,团聚少,并且粒径较小,大约在20nm左右,基本呈球形;直接沉淀法制备的纳米TiO2粒度分布不够均匀,团聚现象比较严重,有较大颗粒存在,粒径在40nm左右,近似呈球形．对均匀沉淀法制得的TiO2前驱物采用不同的灼烧温度和灼烧时间,得到了不同晶型和粒径的TiO2粉体．对相同灼烧温度、不同灼烧时间的TiO2进行了XRD测试．并从均匀沉淀法制备的不同粒径的金红石型纳米TiO2中选取3种不同粒径的样品,进行了表面光电压测试和分析．     

盐酸乙脒中难挥发杂质的重量分析法

采用重量分析法测定盐酸乙脒中难挥发杂质的含量。将2．0g盐酸乙脒样品放入恒重瓷坩埚内，将其在电炉上炭化1．0h后转入马弗炉，700℃高温下灼烧1．5h。结果表明，盐酸乙脒平均灰分为0.6％，当盐酸乙脒中含有氯化钠时，灰分升高，且氯化钠添加量与灰分呈高度正相关关系（相关系数r^2=0．998）。     

竟聚率值,烷基基团和系列有机锡单体,MMA共聚活性的相关性

本文采用ＦＴＩＲ技术测定了共聚物的组成，用Ｆｉｎｅｍａｎ—Ｒｏｓｓ法、最小二乘曲线拟合法（ＮＬＳ法）、置信区间法计算了甲基丙烯酸三甲基锡酯（ＴＭＴＭ）、三乙基锡酯（ＴＥＴＭ），三丁基锡酯（ＴＢＴＭ）和三苯基锡酯（ＴＰＴＭ）与甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＭＭＡ）的竟聚率，ＮＬＳ法的数值分别为：ｒ１＝１．０７，ｒ２＝０．６３（ＴＭＴＭ／ＭＭＡ）；０．８７，０．６２（ＴＥＴＭ／ＭＭＡ）；０．６２，０．５８（ＴＢＴＭ／ＭＭＡ）；０．６８，０．６０（ＴＰＴＭ／ＭＭＡ），并计算了各单体的Ｑ和ｅ值，讨论了不同取代基结构对其共聚合相对活性的影响．     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

<正>~~     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Editorial note for the special topic on ＂Nanopore Analysis＂

The concept of nanopore analysis, using the pore-forming protein a-hemolysin to detect individual nucleic acids at a single-molecule level, was first proposed in 1996. Over the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in the nanopore field, and nanopore analysis has become a label-free and high-throughput method for probing bio- molecules and other analytes with single-molecule sensi- tivity, especially holds the promising for ＂third generation＂ DNA sequencing. However, challenges still remain in the experimental strategies and the design of whole nanopore-based instruments. Here, we proudly present a special topic dedicated to the topic of ＂Nanopore Analysis＂, with 8 reviews/articles providing up to date coverage of the experimental strategies, theoretical calcu- lations and simulations, and instrument design. Reviews and articles on the experimental strategies cover control of DNA partitioning into a nanopore, detection of target DNA, and the advantages of nanopore-based DNA sequencing. The theoretical calculations and simulations discuss the translocation behavior of DNA, and an inte- grated measurement system and data analysis software are presented for instrument design.     

Effects of climate change on biodiversity

1 Rise of studies on climate change＇s effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America＇s annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].     

Discussing the Expansive Learning in Modern Organizations

<正>1 Introduction Endeavours on learning methods have long occupied the mind spaces of scholars and there have been theories abound on how people learn and in what way organisations can use some of the knowledge gained in the art of learning to maximise human productivity.While the theories by themselves are not solutions to problems,they are steps of inquiry that provide us with interesting perspectives that we can use to extend our knowledge of the dimensions of learning.This paper is an exploratory work on the theories postulated by three notable scholars including Zimmerman