多孔铝纳米列阵模板的形成及其机理分析

利用阳极氧化法可以制备出高度有序的多孔铝纳米阵模板。该文介绍了目前流行的制备模板的方法及对它的形成机不同解释，最后阐述了多孔铝纳米模板的应用前景。     

硅基氧化铝模板的制备

多孔氧化铝(PAA)以其支持均匀有序的纳米级微孔、自身可被大面积制备和在450 nm左右的蓝光发射等特性,成为纳米级材料理想的宿主.通过自组织作用形成的多孔氧化铝具有纳米级的孔径、并且具有尺寸可调等很多优点,因此在制备纳米量级的纤维、纳米棒、金属管、半导体等新型材料上,多孔氧化铝已经成为一种常用的模板.本文通过电子束蒸发在硅衬底镀一层铝膜,然后在酸性电解质溶液中阳极氧化制得多孔氧化铝模板,采用X射线衍射(XRD),电子扫描显微镜(SEM)和光致发光谱(PL)对其结构、表面形貌和性能进行了分析.     

图纹结构Co/Pt多层膜的制备及垂直磁各向异性研究

采用自组装技术制备大面积有序聚苯乙烯微球模板.在此基础上,制备Co/Pt多层膜纳米碗列阵阵列.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对样品表面形貌和磁性进行了分析.结果表明:纳米碗阵列保留了聚苯乙烯微球模板的有序形貌.磁性多层膜随着Pt或Co厚度的增大,矫顽力和Mr/Ms变化的总体趋势是先增大后减小.随着衬底胶体球半径的增加,曲率诱导作用逐渐减弱,矫顽力降低.     

无有机模板剂的二氧化硅纳米纤维在铝膜腔内的合成

【目的】在无有机模板剂条件下,采用溶胶凝胶法于阳极氧化铝膜腔体内进行二氧化硅纳米纤维材料的合成研究。【方法】合成采用压力诱导的方法,考察了水解时间、化学剂量比对材料形貌的影响。实验制得的复合功能铝膜用于Fe2+的分离,同时考察了溶液的pH 值、流速等因素对分离的影响。【结果】纳米纤维仅在铝膜腔体内生长,而在铝膜表面没有残留,制得的纳米纤维长60μm,直径约为100nm。【结论】制得的纳米纤维高度有序,复合功能铝膜能成功应用于金属离子的吸附分离领域。
     

微孔-大孔双孔结构β沸石材料的构筑规律

以聚苯乙烯小球（PS）为模板，纳米沸石为基元构件，采用受限空间和吸附沉降自组装法，在密堆积的聚苯乙烯小球间隙里组装纳米β沸石，高温焙烧除去PS模板后得到具有微孔－大孔双孔结构的β沸石多级孔材料。并考察了几何因素、化学因素以及浓度因素在受限空间自组装法中对制备规整有序大孔材料的影响。     

无有机模板剂的二氧化硅纳米纤维在铝膜腔内的合成

【目的】在无有机模板剂条件下,采用溶胶凝胶法于阳极氧化铝膜腔体内进行二氧化硅纳米纤维材料的合成研究。【方法】合成采用压力诱导的方法,考察了水解时间、化学剂量比对材料形貌的影响。实验制得的复合功能铝膜用于Fe~(2+)的分离,同时考察了溶液的pH值、流速等因素对分离的影响。【结果】纳米纤维仅在铝膜腔体内生长,而在铝膜表面没有残留,制得的纳米纤维长60μm,直径约为100nm。【结论】制得的纳米纤维高度有序,复合功能铝膜能成功应用于金属离子的吸附分离领域。     

空心二氧化硅纳米颗粒的高效绿色合成

为了避免以往用酸碱刻蚀模板法制备空心二氧化硅纳米颗粒带来的安全和环保问题,提出一种高效绿色合成方法。以聚苯乙烯为模板,先将SiO2沉积在模板上,再通过煅烧去除PS模板,制备了空心二氧化硅纳米颗粒,并通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线能谱分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、热重分析仪和物理吸附仪等对其结构进行表征。结果表明:所制备的空心二氧化硅纳米颗粒具有明显的空心结构,颗粒直径约为120 nm;组成元素为Si和O;在20～780℃环境下,空心二氧化硅纳米颗粒都具有优异的热稳定性;N2吸附/脱附曲线呈现出S型吸附等温线的特征,存在明显的滞回环;比表面积为568.82 m2/g。     

阳极氧化铝模板的结构和性能表征及形成机理

用两步阳极氧化法在0.3 mol.L-1草酸中制备了高度有序、具有纳米级孔洞的阳极氧化铝有序阵列模板.用场发射扫描电镜、X射线衍射及荧光光谱对其进行了结构和性能表征.实验结果表明多孔氧化铝模板的蓝发光带是由氧空位缺陷所引起的.对氧化铝模板的形成机理进行了分析,认为它的形成机理可以通过综合参考溶解模型和机械应力模型加以解释,并且电渗在阳极氧化膜的生长过程中起着重要作用.     

单分散型高分子纳米微球的制备和三维有序连接

采用种子乳液聚合法制备了纳米级聚苯乙烯微球,通过重力沉降筛选出尺寸适宜的单分散型聚苯乙烯微球(约100nm),蒸发自组装成微球紧密堆积结构。检测结果表明,获得的纳米级聚苯乙烯微球分散单一,三维有序排列良好。     

Pickering乳液模板法制备复合荧光微球

以正硅酸乙酯为原料,采用改进Stober法合成了粒径均匀的SiO2纳米颗粒,利用罗丹明B对SiO2纳米颗粒疏水改性制得Pickering乳液,并以此为模板制备聚苯乙烯复合微球.通过接触角测量仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)及荧光显微镜对纳米颗粒和复合微球的形貌和性能进行了表征.结果表明,罗丹...     

Synthesis of 3D ordered porous polystyrene using silica template

A rigid colloidal silica template was formed by self-assembly of the monodispersed silica spheres prepared according to Stober method. The silica template is highly ordered, which was verified by bright color effect due to Bragg diffraction and the results of SEM. The free radical polymerization of styrene was allowed within the interstices of the rigid template to result in the formation of the three-dimensional periodic silica/polystyrene nano-composites. The titled porous polystyrene was prepared by chemical decomposition of the template with concentrated aqueous hydrofluoric acid. Scanning electron microscopy characterization showed that the macroporous polystyrene has ordered arrays of the uniform pores replicated from the template. Moreover, it was found that the morphology of the as-synthesized macroporous polystyrene was greatly affected by the connectivity of the silica spheres treated under different conditions.     

Preparation and characterization of three-dimen-sionally ordered macroporous polystyrene via atom-transfer radical polymerization

Three-dimensionally ordered macroporous polystyrene(3DOM PS) with pore size of 350 nm was fabricated using Cp2Co/Ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate(EBiB) catalytic system by ATRP.The resulting polymers were detected by FT-IR,1H-NMR,SEM,and GPC.The microstructure of 3DOM PS was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H-NMR.SEM micrographs show that both silica spheres within the templates and pores in the 3DOM polystyrene are arranged in highly ordered fashion,and the shrinkage of the pores in the 3DOM PS is 24%.GPC curves show that the 3DOM PS possesses slightly lower Mn and narrow MWD compared with bulk one.This result indicats that living polymerization is different from non-living polymerizationin in the confined space.     

活动模板式侧孔冲模的设计

开发的活动模板式侧孔冲模，具有孔的位置尺寸精度高，效率高，维修方便的特点．为有多个侧壁孔零件的加工提供了新技术．     

Template synthesis of 3-D bimodal ordered porous silica

A dual template synthesis combined with a modified bulk sol-gel process was used to prepare the three dimensional bimodal ordered porous silica, in which the macropore wall is mesoporous and both the pores are interconnected. The macropores were replicated from the template of the dried polystyrene colloidal crystal after being removed by calcination at high temperature, whislt the mesopores were achieved by burning off the surfactant in the gel. The ordered morphologies and interconnection of both the macropores and the mesopores were evidenced by the characterizations with SEM and TEM attached with electron diffraction. Nitrogen adsorption results also confirmed the interconnectivity, sizes and their distribution of the two sorts of pores. The effect of surfactant concentration and calcination conditions on mesopore size and its distribution was also investigated.     

水溶液中聚苯乙烯小球的单光束光操纵及有序结构的形成

利用单束强聚焦激光对悬浮于水中的聚苯乙烯小球进行了二维的光操纵,并研究了聚苯乙烯小球在光阱中的动力学过程。实验果表明:在切向光梯度力的作用下,聚苯乙烯小球会在样品盒的衬底上发生自组装行为形成二维有序的六角密排的周期性结构。利用这种单光束光组装的方法,在玻璃基底上制备了聚苯乙烯小球二维有序周期性结构。该研究结果将为利用单光强聚焦激光来制备微纳光子多功能器件提供理论依据及实验参考。     

Synthesis of 3-D ordered macroporous silicate using the template formed from monodispersed polystyrene latex

Based on the template formed from monodispersed polystyrene (PS) latex, a modified fast sol-gel process was employed to synthesize a three-dimensional (3-D) ordered macroporous silica material after removing the template by calcination at high temperature. It was indicated that there existed highly ordered packed pores within the whole silica material by SEM morphology observation. It was also found that the pores were interconnected. The pore size could be controlled mainly by varying the particle size of the latex ranging from 10¹ to 10² nm. The formation process of the ordered pores was also preliminarily discussed.     

交流电沉积条件对沉积Ni纳米线的影响

采用恒压40V二次阳极氧化方法制备了阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板,模板的孔径均匀有序。在二次阳极氧化的基础上阶梯降低电压至10V,可有效减薄阻隔层,有利于Ni纳米线的交流电沉积。利用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对AAO模板以及Ni纳米线的形貌进行表征。探索了阶梯降低氧化电压、电源滤波以及电沉积频率对沉积Ni纳米线的影响。结果表明,阶梯降低氧化电压、适当的频率以及滤波可以明显提高电沉积效果,得到比较均匀有序的Ni纳米线。     

上向流聚苯乙烯滤料直接过滤原水──Ⅰ凝聚剂种类的选择

通过大量的试验，探讨了上向流聚苯乙烯滤料直接过滤原水时凝聚剂种类对过滤效果的影响．试验结果表明：联合投加硫酸铝和阳离子聚合物（Ｔ３０１０）有利于改善滤出水水质和降低水头损失．     

单分散PS微球的制备及其胶体晶体的组装

无皂乳液聚合法制备了不同尺寸单分散的PS微球,采用离心法和垂直沉降法将之组装成具有光子带隙的人工欧泊.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和可见-紫外光度计对PS胶体晶体的形貌、结构和光学性能进行了观察测试.结果表明厚度较大的PS胶体晶体可以通过离心法组装制得,当转速为1 000 r/min、干燥温度为40℃时可以组装得到高质量的PS胶体晶体,而垂直沉降法则较适合组装薄型的胶体晶体.从样品的光学特性讨论了适合组装的乳液固含量,改变组装胶体晶体的PS微球粒径可以得到不同的光带隙波长.