我国婴幼儿配方乳粉产业政策与安全现状解析

中国拥有全球婴幼儿配方乳粉发展潜力最大的市场,然而,“三聚氰胺”事件后,消费者信心受到重创。解析了目前婴幼儿配方奶粉的产业新政策,近年来中国政府出台了一系列堪称史上最严格的乳粉产业政策,在产品配方注册、生产方式、可追溯体系建立等方面作出严格规定;介绍了我国婴幼儿配方奶粉的安全现状,经过行业共同努力,我国原料乳和婴幼儿配方乳粉质量均显著提升,产品抽检合格率近100%;分析了婴幼儿配方乳粉产业发展中存在的基础研究落后、原料和装备依赖进口、消费者信心不足等问题;提出了婴幼儿配方乳粉产业发展建议,发展婴幼儿配方乳粉产业必须加强基础研究和科技支撑,进一步完善监管体系,以稳定的质量、良好的信誉重塑消费者信心。     

婴幼儿配方乳粉标准的相关情况分析

婴幼儿作为国家未来的希望,他们是否可以健康成长不仅是每一位父母关心的问题,也是国家发展战略中的重要问题.现代社会中,奶粉已经大部分取代了母乳,成为婴幼儿主要的饮食来源,直接关系着婴幼儿的健康安全和国家未来发展,为了保证婴幼儿的安全成长,国家加大了对轧制品行业的监控力度,颁布了婴幼儿乳粉配方的相关标准,严格控制乳制品的安全.     

政府规制下乳品供应链安全目标体系的构建

乳品供应链安全目标体系是评价整条乳品供应链安全度的基础,其中的具体指标体系是核心部分.系统分析了供应链不同环节对乳品质量安全影响的关键因素,统计了近些年来我国发布的相关政策规范,提出了乳品供应链安全目标体系,将整个乳品供应链的安全目标自顶向下划分为三个层次,即总体目标,供应链各成员目标和操作环节具体目标.具体目标均以相关政策规范为标准,以此衡量操作环节的安全性.该体系对于乳品供应链质量安全评价和管理具有直接可操作性指导意义.     

我国乳品质量安全问题频发的原因与对策

进入市场的乳制品安全关系到消费者的健康.近年来我国乳品安全事件频发,极大地影响了国内消费者的信心,也使乳品行业受到重创.乳品安全事件频发有其社会基础,也有乳品生产产业链长、存在安全风险的环节多、我国奶牛养殖分散致使原奶质量难以控制等客观原因,还有政府监管不到位、打击违法行为力度不够等主观原因.要保证乳品安全,首先,必须保证原奶的安全;其次,要在乳品企业内部建立完备的质量监管体系,把好乳品加工过程的质量关;再次,政府必须加强立法,并对乳品质量安全进行实时监管,特别要加大对向牛奶中掺杂使假等违法行为的查处与打击力度.     

朱宏任:我国将公布行业企业兼并重组方案

正2014年我国将通过对钢铁、水泥、船舶、光伏、婴幼儿配方乳粉等行业的兼并重组,推动产业升级,化解产能过剩。目前,我国产业结构不合理,集中度低,企业小而分散的问题十分突出,存在重复建设和产能过剩严重,产业无序发展的情况。2014年我国将通过对钢铁、水泥、船舶、光伏、婴幼儿配方乳粉等行业的兼并重组,推动产业升级,化解产能过剩。工信部新闻发言人朱宏任:"中国的企业数量比较多,个头也比较大,但都不强。我们想在这种情     

乳源活性成分功能特性的研究进展

乳不仅能够提供婴幼儿生长发育和人们日常所需的营养物质,还含有大量生物活性成分。乳中的酪蛋白糖巨肽、α-乳白蛋白、乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白和乳脂肪球膜等,不仅提供营养,还具有抗氧化、改善肠道健康、促进骨骼健康、免疫调节、促矿物质吸收、抗菌等生物学功能特性。动物实验和临床研究证实:乳铁蛋白、骨桥蛋白、α-乳白蛋白和乳脂肪球膜能够改善婴幼儿营养吸收、提高婴幼儿免疫力、促进肠道健康和神经发育；此外,酪蛋白糖巨肽、α-乳白蛋白及其酶解物等还具有抗炎、改善胰岛素抵抗等功能。随着食品科学研究的深入和分离技术的发展,乳源活性成分及其衍生物得到了广泛研究与开发,且应用于配方食品生产。将乳源活性成分开发成配料添加到婴幼儿配方乳粉中能够在一定程度上缩小婴幼儿配方乳粉与母乳之间的差距,也可以针对中老年人和慢性疾病患者等特殊群体开发功能性食品,提高其生活质量,促进健康老龄化。对5种常见乳源活性成分的结构和功能特性进行了系统地阐述,以期为功能性乳源配料的研发及其在配方食品中的应用提供借鉴和参考。     

Sn-2棕榈酸酯对婴幼儿健康的促进作用

母乳是公认的婴幼儿生命初期最理想的食物,能够提供婴幼儿生长发育所需的全面营养成分。近年来,国内外研究者逐渐意识到母乳脂肪中棕榈酸特异性的酯化位置(约70%的棕榈酸酯化在甘油三酯的Sn-2位)对婴幼儿健康具有重要的促进作用。以母乳为黄金标准,通过对婴幼儿配方乳粉中Sn-2棕榈酸酯的比例进行调整,可明显提高婴幼儿配方乳粉的营养和生理功能。介绍了Sn-2棕榈酸酯对促进婴幼儿体内脂肪酸和矿物类营养物质的吸收,提高骨骼生长速度及骨矿物质含量及密度,促进肠道益生菌的生长,减少婴儿啼哭,促进大脑发育方面的积极作用。     

婴幼儿配方乳粉中唾液酸含量的测定

建立婴幼儿配方乳粉中唾液酸含量测定的液相色谱方法。用酸水解法释放婴幼儿配方乳粉中存在的唾液酸,在80℃下与邻苯二胺衍生50 min;采用SB-AQ C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)对衍生产物进行分离,流动相为乙腈-1%四氢呋喃水溶液(含0.2%的磷酸)进行梯度洗脱,荧光检测器检测(激发波长231 nm,发射波长465 nm)。结果表明,唾液酸在1.0~60.0μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为R2=0.999 8,回收率在95.0%~105.2%之间,变异系数在0.6%~1.9%之间,检测限为10.0 mg/100g。该方法简便、快速、可靠,可用于市售婴幼儿配方乳粉中唾液酸含量的测定。     

基于模糊测度的乳品供应链质量安全绩效评价与控制

乳品质量安全近年成为我国的热点问题.从乳品供应链不同环节分析了乳品质量安全可能存在的隐患,构建了乳品供应链安全绩效评价体系,通过三角模糊数和模糊积分评价方法进行乳品供应链的安全状况综合评价,根据评价结果追溯质量安全隐患的关键环节,帮助供应链管理者识别与定位乳品供应链安全管理的薄弱环节,以采取相应措施进行控制,防治乳品质量安全问题的发生.     

我国奶粉的质量安全问题与控制现状

主要分析了目前我国奶粉包括原料奶粉和婴儿配方奶粉行业的技术发展现状和质量控制水平,并着重探讨了乳粉加工过程中的质量控制与食品安全现状,同时对未来奶粉行业的技术发展方向、质量控制措施和食品安全管理进行了展望。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

<正>~~     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to