里氏木霉几丁质酶基因的克隆及其同源转化研究

丝状真菌里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)外切几丁质酶具有β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性.根据里氏木霉基因组数据库获得了一个编号为21725的外切几丁质酶nagl基因序列,根据检索结果,从里氏木霉QM9414基因组DNA中克隆获得1.9kb的基因片段.构建了以cbhl为启动子和终止子的重组质粒pCbhNag,与含有pyr4基因的质粒pSKpyr4共转化里氏木霉pyr4缺陷株RutC30△U3.共得到99个转化子,初筛得到5株乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶酶活较高的转化子,其中N3菌株的β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶酶活可达26.65 U/mL,而出发菌株的胞外几丁质酶几乎无酶活.成功实现了里氏木霉几丁质酶的克隆及同源表达.     

蝾螺(Turbo cornutus Solander)N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶的分离纯化及性质的初步研究

以蝾螺内脏为材料,通过硫酸铵沉淀分级分离、SephadexG 200分子筛柱层析和两次DEAE SephadexA 50离子交换柱层析纯化,获得聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳单一纯的N 乙酰 β D 氨基葡萄糖苷酶酶制剂.纯酶的比活力为1448U·mg-1.酶的紫外特征吸收峰在275nm处,内源荧光发射峰在340nm处.以对 硝基苯 N 乙酰 β D 氨基葡萄糖为底物,研究酶催化底物水解的反应动力学,结果表明:酶的最适pH为4.5,最适温度为45℃.该酶在pH3.5～6.0区域较稳定,而在pH>7能很快失活;在40℃以下处理30min,酶活力保持稳定,高于40℃,酶稳定性较差,很快失活.酶促反应动力学符合米氏双曲线方程,测得米氏常数Km为3.13mmol·L-1,最大反应速度Vm为17.68μmol·L-1·min-1.     

不同生长期凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺NAGase的基本性质变化

凡纳滨对虾[Lifopenaeus vannamei(Boune 1931)]N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase,简称NAGase,EC3.2.1.52)与周期性蜕壳和生长密切相关.我们研究了凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺中该酶的活力与部分性质在不同生长期的变化,结果表明:在不同生长期该酶活力有较大的变化,幼体虾的酶活力为每mg蛋白40 U,随着虾的生长,酶活力迅速下降,当养殖到第6周时,酶活力下降到每mg蛋白18 U,达到最低点.随后,酶活力随着虾的长大快速增大,当养殖到成虾时,酶活力达到最高值,为每mg蛋白58 U.不同生长期的酶,其最适pH均在5.5～6.0之间,最适温度由原来的34℃改变为37℃,同时测定不同生长期酶的动力学参数(Km、Vm)、酶促反应活化能(Ea)及对Cu2 、Zn2 和Hg2 的敏感性并进行了相应的比较.     

菜青虫N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶的抑制剂筛选

以菜青虫N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAGase)为研究对象,比较了不同菜青虫部位来源及不同生长期的菜青虫NAGase活性.结果表明,5龄虫和预蛹表皮来源的NAGase比活最高.选取肉桂酸等天然化合物及其衍生物以及一些具有抗虫或杀虫活性的植物的粗提物,以其对菜青虫NAGase的抑制作用为指标来粗筛NAGase抑制剂,结果表明茴香酸、异丙基苯甲酸、间-羟基苯甲酸、2,4-二甲氧基苯甲酸以及肉桂酸对该酶具有一定的抑制效果,6 mmol/L浓度可以分别使酶活力被抑制35.3%、25.9%、26.7%、29.1%和20.0%;银杏外种皮粗提物有较强的抑制效果,0.4 mg/mL的银杏酸可以让酶活力几乎完全丧失.上述结果提示有望从粗筛得到的几种植物中进一步分离纯化出高效的NAGase抑制剂,为开发新型生物农药提供理论依据.     

高效液相色谱-核粒子计数检测氨基葡萄糖类化合物

核粒子计数检测器是基于水凝聚激光计数专利技术(WCPC),对低紫外吸收的化合物有较强的优势.建立了高效液相色谱-核粒子计数检测器(HPLC-NQAD)检测D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐和N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖的方法.采用AsahipakNH2(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,V(乙腈)∶V(0.5%三乙胺水溶液)=75∶25为流动相,流速为0.8mL/min,进样量为10μL,10min内完成检测.在NQAD蒸发管温度55℃、气体压力200kPa条件下,D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐与N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖之间的分离度2.32,前者的检出限为16ng,定量限为50ng,后者的检出限为8ng,定量限为24ng.D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐在10.03～2 005.20μg/mL范围内线性回归相关系数为0.999 5,N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖在10.18～2 036.80μg/mL范围内线性回归相关系数为0.999 9.检测D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐和N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖的精密度实验的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.53%和1.38%,平均回收率分别为100.18%和101.02%.该方法用于D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐和N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖的检测,可靠、快速、简便.     

蛋白双酶（胰蛋白酶─木瓜蛋白酶）的固定化研究

以脱乙酰壳多糖为载体，戊二醛为交联剂，对胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶的固定化条件及固定化双酶的动力学性质进行研究．实验对比了交联剂的用量、交联的ｐＨ值、温度及载体与酶的比例等因素对固定化的影响．确定了固定化双酶的催化特性：最适ｐＨ７．５～８．１，最适温度是６０℃，Ｋｍ值是０．５２ｍｇ／ｍｌ，并对固定化双酶的热稳定性、固定化双酶的活性与固定化单酶的活性进行了比较．     

地衣芽孢杆菌α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶的纯化及酶学性质

地衣芽孢杆菌（Bacillus licheni formis）AS10106α－乙酰乳酸脱酸酶经硫酸沉淀，聚乙二醇沉淀，DEAE－Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换，Gigapite K-100S柱层及SephadexG－100分子凝胶过滤柱等分离纯化步骤，得到SDS－PAGE电泳纯，α－乙酰乳酸脱羧酶的比活提高了53．5倍。对该酶性质的研究表明，酶单亚基分子量为32Kda，等电点为4．5；该酶的最适反应温度为40℃，最适反应pH为6．0，对热（40℃以上）敏感。在pH5．0－6．5之间稳定。酶活不需要金属阳离子，Cu^2 、Co^2 强烈抑制酶的活性。摇瓶实验表明，纯化的地衣芽孢杆菌α－乙酰乳酸脱羧酶能明显降低双乙酰的形成并缩短其还原时间。     

N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶在儿科疾病中的临床应用

尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）是在临床应用最广泛的诊断肾脏病变的酶之一,NAG主要来自近曲小管的溶酶体,尿中含量相对稳定,其排泄异常提示肾脏损害,因此是肾小管损伤的敏感标志物,在很多儿科疾病中可以判断是否有肾脏损害和（或）严重程度。     

乙醇对南美白对虾N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶活力与构象的影响

以南美白对虾为材料,分离提纯N 乙酰 β D 氨基葡萄糖苷酶,研究乙醇对该酶的活力与构象影响.结果表明,浓度低于22%(体积比)的乙醇对该酶活力有明显的激活效应;乙醇浓度为8%时,达到最大激活效应,酶活力为纯酶的180%.动力学研究表明,在30%浓度范围内,乙醇对酶活性的激活及抑制作用均是可逆的.乙醇低浓度下,Km值与Vmax值随乙醇浓度增大而增大;随着乙醇浓度的进一步升高,Km值保持不变,Vmax值则出现下降.紫外光谱与荧光光谱分析表明,低浓度乙醇对N 乙酰 β D 氨基葡萄糖苷酶的构象产生轻微的影响,而高浓度乙醇则使酶的整体构象趋于松散.由此可以推断,乙醇对该酶的活力影响是微扰酶活性中心产生激活效应与引发整体变构失活效应的共同作用结果.     

厌氧碱性纤维素酶产生菌的富集及产酶特性研究

在牛粪堆肥中富集得到能够较高降解纤维素的菌系JYB,液体摇瓶培养产生的碱性酶活达到0.62u/mL,菌体生长的最适温度为40℃,最适pH值为8.5.摇瓶产酶实验表明,JYB产生的纤维素酶对碱性环境有较好的耐受能力,在温度为45℃,pH值为9.0的条件下酶活性最高,该碱性酶在纺织品的洗涤方面具有较好的应用前景.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.