SUFR系统中同时反硝化吸磷现象的试验研究

螺旋升流式反应器(Spiral Up-Flow Reactor,SUFR)是一种新型的污水处理工艺,该工艺对污水中COD、TN、TP的去除效果较好,出水浓度分别低于28 mg/L、10 mg/L和0.5mg/L.本文对螺旋升流式反应器脱氮除磷系统中的反硝化吸磷现象进行了深入的研究,通过分析发现,适当的COD浓度和DO浓度有利于同时反硝化吸磷现象的发生。     

循环冷却水系统中生物黏泥形成的水质影响因素

针对循环冷却水补充水的水质特点,采用一系列单因素试验方法,考察了营养物质(BOD5,NH4+-N,TP)、颗粒物(CaCO3)、矿物质(Ca2+,Mg2+,Na+,Fe3+)等因素对生物黏泥性能的影响.结果表明:在不同水质条件下,生物黏泥量与挥发性生物量和微生物活性呈现出一致的变化趋势;要控制水中的生物黏泥生成则营养物质指标应达到c(BODs)≤5 mg/L,c(NH4+-N)≤6 mg/L,c(TP)≤1mg/L,c(CaCO3)≤50 mg/L,c(Ca2+)=100～250 mg/L,c(Mg2+)=80～200 mg/L,c(Na+)≤120 mg/L,c(Fe3+)≤1 mg/L.     

水质对生物黏泥胞外聚合物成分的影响

针对循环冷却水补充水的水质特点,采用单因素实验方法分别考察了营养物质(BOD5,NH4+-N,TP)、颗粒物(CaCO3)、矿物质(Ca2+,Mg2+,Na+,Fe3+)等因素对生物黏泥胞外聚合物成分的影响.研究结果表明:循环冷却水系统生物黏泥胞外聚合物主要由多糖构成;控制营养物质达到c(BOD5)≤5 mg/L,c(NH4+-N)≤6 mg/L,c(TP)≤1mg/L,颗粒物满足c(CaCO3)≤40 mg/L,矿物质满足c(Ca2+)≤210 mg/L,c(Mg2+)为85～185 mg/L,c(Na+)≤120mg/L,C(Fe3+)≤1 mg/L,可使生物膜中的胞外聚合物(EPS)含量最少.     

复合式折流板厌氧反应器处理城市污水

采用弹性立体填料的复合式折流板厌氧反应器处理城市污水 .研究结果表明 ,该装置处理城市污水效果显著 .当进水COD在 87- 32 0mg L范围内 (平均 2 2 7mg L)变化 ,水力停留时间大于 5 .2h ,反应系统的容积负荷小于 0 .86kgCOD (m3·d)时 ,常温下COD去除率大于 6 0 % ,出水COD平均为 81mg L ,SS去除率大于77.8% ,出水SS小于 30mg L ;反应系统在试验条件下温度与溶解性COD去除率成正相关 .试验还得出了系统处理城市污水溶解性BOD去除率随HRT变化的降解动力学模式 .     

不同温度条件下氨氮对泥蚶的急性毒性影响

在不同的温度条件下,采用实验生态学方法,研究了氨氮对不同年龄阶段泥蚶的急性毒性试验。经双因子方差分析表明:氨氮浓度、温度以及氨氮浓度和温度的相互作用均极显著地影响二龄和三龄泥蚶96 h的成活率。在24℃、28℃、32℃时,总氨氮对二龄泥蚶的96 h LC50分别为348.40、312.99、219.06 mg/L,SC分别为34.84、31.30、21.91 mg/L;总氨氮对三龄泥蚶的96 h LC50分别为681.25、443.20、285.84 mg/L,SC分别为68.13、44.32、28.58 mg/L。     

城市污水处理厂快速生物启动的生产性研究

在新建的大型城市污水处理厂,生物启动时,不投加生物种泥,在不同时段,采用不同流量的连续进水,通过调整曝气池溶解氧来培养其活性污泥,20 d后,曝气池的污泥悬浮质量浓度(MLSS)可稳定在2 500 mg/L左右,且其活性良好,二沉池出水化学需氧量(COD)小于60 mg/L,总磷(TP)小于1.0 mg/L.     

改进曝气生物滤池技术研究

提出化学混凝与曝气生物滤池结合,通过混凝处理和生物膜过滤的双重作用,对城市二级处理出水进行深度处理,以实现污水的回用.结果表明:在原水水质CODcr=672 mg/L、SS=200 mg/L、BOD5=576mg/L、pH=6.1时,出水CODcr=52 mg/L、SS=10 mg/L、BOD5=24 mg/L、pH=8.6.相对于单独使用BAF,组合工艺对CODcr,SS,BOD5,pH值的去除率均有所提高.系统、综合地给出了混凝-曝气生物滤池工艺流程和最佳工艺条件,为混凝-曝气生物滤池应用提供了技术参数.     

EBPR的快速启动及其与同步硝化反硝化耦合实现污水的脱氮除磷

为了解处理生活污水的强化生物除磷(EBPR)系统的除磷和脱氮特性,采用SBR接种普通活性污泥,通过逐步提高进水COD浓度的方式,结合短污泥龄控制,实现了EBPR系统的快速启动,并对启动后系统的脱氮除磷特性进行了研究.试验结果表明:当进水COD浓度由200 mg/L左右逐步提高至500 mg/L左右时,29 d可实现EBPR系统的启动,此后30 d内出水磷浓度稳定维持在0.5 mg/L以下,磷去除率平均达99.4%.该系统还可长期高效稳定地用于高磷污水(含磷40mg/L)的处理.成功启动后的EBPR系统内聚磷菌(PAOs)为优势菌,占全菌总数的34%±3%,但也存在硝化反硝化菌和聚糖菌.在EBPR系统稳定运行时的好氧段,PAOs吸磷的同时伴随着脱氮菌群的同步硝化反硝化(SND)作用,使得平均总无机氮(TIN)损失达7.6 mg/L,系统总氮(TN)去除率在70%左右.EBPR系统内除磷耦合同步硝化反硝化,可实现污水的脱氮除磷.     

厌氧生物滤池-特异性移动床生物膜法对丁腈橡胶废水的处理

根据丁腈橡胶废水的水质特点,采用AF-S/A/SMBBR组合工艺考察水力停留时间(HRT)、溶解氧(DO)、进水氨氮浓度三个影响因素对氨氮去除率的影响。试验结果表明:在水温为18~22℃,进水pH为6.5~8,氨氮浓度为150~300 mg/L,系统水力停留时间为10 d的操作条件下,出水氨氮浓度稳定在50 mg/L以下,平均去除率高达82.25%。出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)国家二级排放标准。     

化学强化曝气生物滤池工艺的水处理效能

通过静态试验对比6种混凝剂对污水的处理效果,优选出聚合氯化铝(PAC)作为沙营污水厂的最优混凝剂,并考察前置投加PAC之后,沙营污水厂曝气生物滤池(BAF)工艺的处理效能。结果表明:化学强化后系统出水COD的质量浓度约为30 mg/L,去除率可达85%以上;出水氨氮的质量浓度在0.81~3.79 mg/L之间,去除率达到95%左右;出水的TP质量浓度平均值为0.79 mg/L,去除率达到75%左右。通过实验确定出:PAC的投加量X与投加前后TP质量浓度的关系为X=144.10-147.17ρ后/ρ前。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.