油-气-水三相流水平井携液临界气量计算方法

川西中浅层水平井不同程度产液,当气井积液时,需实施泡排等工艺技术排液后才能稳产,而判断积液最简单的方法是计算气井携液临界气量,气井携液临界气量计算常用液滴或液膜模型,此两种模型均基于液滴或液膜反转作为判断积液标志而建立,应用结果与实际符合率较低。针对以上问题,开展了水平井积液规律模拟实验及相关模型研究,结果表明,液滴或液膜反转时,井筒均未积液,以液滴或液膜反转判断积液建立的模型计算的积液时间比实际偏早,进而基于实验现象,分析气体带液能力,建立新的气井积液判断标准;倾斜段携液临界气量随井斜角度的变化先增加后减少,40°时携液临界气量最大;基于实验测试数据,考虑含油率、井斜角对携液临界气量的影响,建立了携液临界流量计算模型,应用于中浅层水平井油—气—水三相流井筒积液判断,符合率91.4%,在同类气井具推广应用价值。     

考虑实际界面张力的凝析气井临界携液流量计算方法

 为提高凝析气井井筒积液状态判断的准确率,通过对凝析气藏气液界面张力和气井携液常规模型的分析,研究了考虑实际界面张力的气井临界携液流量计算方法。根据气井井筒的温度及压力计算出实际界面张力,通过引入实际界面张力对常规模型进行修正,得到考虑实际界面张力的气井临界携液流量计算模型;在实际计算时将产油气井和油水同产气井区分对待,产油气井以油气界面张力计算,油水同产气井以气水界面张力计算。应用修正的3 种常规模型分别对新疆某凝析气田20 口气井的临界携液流量进行计算比较,表明修正Turner 模型计算结果对井筒积液判断的准确率达到90%,可作为该区域气井积液的判断标准。     

不同气液比下气井携液临界产量的计算

建立合理的携液临界产量的计算方法,确保生产气井连续不积液生产,对于节约生产成本、提高气田产量和采收率都具有重要作用。以产水气井实际生产状况为基础,运用气液两相流理论,提出并分别阐述了高气液比和低气液比条件下携液临界产量模型的原理和计算方法。结果表明,所建立的方法具有良好的有效性,对气井合理生产制度的制定有一定的指导意义。     

气井及凝析气井连续携液模型的统一

气井及凝析气井积液是气田开发过程中的一个严重问题,目前关于气井连续携液模型种类繁多,且缺少富含凝析水的定向凝析气井临界携液流量模型。本文在目前广泛采用的Li Min携液模型基础上,推导出了富含凝析水的定向凝析气井临界携液流量模型,并将现有的气井和富含凝析水的凝析气井临界携液流量模型进行了统一。研究认为,在计算富含凝析水凝析气井的临界携液流量时,气井携水比携油困难,所以只需达到最小携水产气量即可,无需考虑油、气、水三相复杂相态变化。同时发现,由于定向气井存在着管斜角,使得定向井的临界携液流量要比直井大得多。气井及凝析气井连续携液模型的统一,极大的方便了现场工人及相关科研工作者的计算。     

一种适用于现场的临界携液流量计算新方法

苏里格气井普遍低压、低产,携液能力差,井筒积液是苏里格气井生产中的重要难题。在分析气井积液时,由于缺少相关参数,现有的临界携液流量公式不便于现场应用。苏里格气田对临界携液流量公式进行了简化处理,解决了现场应用难的问题;但在分析井筒积液时存在较大偏差。因此,现场缺乏一种既便于应用,又能保持较高精确度的临界携液流量计算方法。通过模拟井筒流动分析了目前应用的临界携液流量计算方法存在的一些问题,结合气井产气量、水气比等参数建立起一种便于现场应用的临界携液流量计算新方法;并通过实例井的计算对新方法的精确度进行了验证。     

水平气井连续携液实验研究及模型评价

水平气井较直井更难于连续携液,为了研究水平气井连续携液问题,利用可视化水平井气水两相井筒管流模
拟实验装置（垂直段6 m,水平段10 m,倾斜段6 m）模拟水平井气液两相流动,对比观测直井段、倾斜井段、水平井段
的流动型态。实验表明：水平井三井段中,倾斜管段的携液能力最差,所需临界携液流速最大,可将其作为水平气井的
临界携液流速。倾斜管临界携液流量预测模型中,液滴模型和液膜模型是目前被普遍接受的两类模型。为研究倾斜
管连续携液,实验观测不同倾斜角（28°∼72°）条件下流型变化并测试临界携液流速。实验表明倾斜管段液体主要以液
膜形式被携带,从携液机理分析,液膜模型也更为合理;通过实验测得的213 组数据对液滴模型和液膜模型进行对比
分析,发现液膜模型的平均百分误差、平均绝对百分误差及相对性能系数均较小,从计算结果分析,液膜模型也更为
合理。     

气藏水平井连续携液理论与实验

在气藏水平井中随着生产管柱倾斜角度的变化,井筒内液体的重力作用会发生改变,从而引起气液两相流型的变化。以产气为主的气井井筒内液体主要以液膜、液滴的形式出现,由此出现了液滴模型与液膜模型两种解释积液的理论。从这两种携液理论出发,考虑生产管柱倾斜角度的影响,对倾斜管内液滴、液膜进行受力分析,推导出了随管柱倾斜角度变化的连续携液临界流速的计算式,使之适用于水平井连续携液临界流量的计算。设计制作了水平气井连续携液实验装置并进行了实验研究,观测气藏水平井中气水两相运动与流型变化情况并测试其临界携液气量,结果表明,气藏水平井中水平井段的液体以液膜携带为主,但直井段中越接近井口,越以液滴携带为主,液滴模型也能适用于计算气藏水平井的连续携液临界流速。     

产水气井临界携液和积液模型研究进展

中国气田随着逐年开发低压低产井越来越多,部分存在严重积液,排水采气工艺已在多区块广泛应用。明确各种排水采气工艺的适用性和工艺参数优化,都要以深入了解产水气井的携液和积液机理为基础。针对产水气井积液机理研究相关的气井临界携液和积液判别准则、临界携液流量沿井深分布、气井井筒内积液与积液预测模型和气井积液机理研究实验装置与方法进行了综述,并提出了目前该领域研究需要关注和待解决的问题是,产水气井内井筒气液两相管流和储层气液两相渗流的耦合。     

苏25井区产水气井分析及泡沫排水技术应用

随着苏里格气田的开发,地层压力不断下降,气井普遍产水,且大部分井积液状况不明,影响了排水采气的效果。针对苏25井区的生产现状,从压力、产量的变化和气藏物性等方面分析了积液和未积液井的生产特征,未积液井一般物性较好,或处于主砂带内部,生产能力和生产稳定性较好;积液井一般物性较差或处于主砂带附近,生产能力和生产稳定性较差。利用常用的临界携液流量模型--圆球液滴模型和椭球液滴模型,结合井区气井实际生产动态特征,对比了两种模型的计算结果,椭球携液模型与实际情况符合程度较高。简要介绍了目前苏里格气田常用的泡沫排水采气工艺并结合典型井分析了该工艺的效果。     

气井最小携液临界流量计算方法研究

在采气工程的方案编制中,气井最小携液临界流量是其中的一个重要参数。当前,在对气井最小携液临界流量的计算过程中,常用的方法有Turner和李闵公式,但是这两种方法存在着一定的局限性。文章根据气井中运行的球帽形液滴,建立了相关的气井最小携液临界流量计算公式,分析了其变化规律。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.