喷油压缩机卧式油气分离器特性的数值模拟及实验研究

在对油气分离器内气相流场模拟计算的基础上,采用随机轨道模型对不同直径油滴在分离器一次油分内的运动轨迹进行了模拟计算,并使用Malvern粒度分析仪对油分离器一次油分出口处的油滴直径分布特征进行了实验测量,同时对排气压力和喷油量变化对一次油分效率的影响进行了测量.结果表明:不同直径的油滴颗粒的运动轨迹差别较大,其分离时间和分离效率也截然不同,直径较大的颗粒较容易分离下来;油滴的入射位置对其运动轨迹及分离时间也有明显的影响.随喷油量的增加,油气混合物中大直径油滴增多,一次油分效率增高;一次油分效率随排气压力的升高先提高后降低,排气压力为0.65 MPa时,一次油分效率最高.模拟计算表明:此分离器一次油分能够完全分离的最小油滴直径为16μm;实测油气分离器出口处油滴的最大直径介于17.7～20.5μm之间,所占体积分数为0.2%.实验结果与数值计算结果基本吻合.     

旋风式油气分离器数值模拟与实验研究

针对旋风式油气分离器内高速旋转流场引起油滴与壁面碰撞而破碎,从而使分离效率降低的问题,设计了多种不同参数组合的旋风式分离器,对分离器内部气液两相流动及分离效率进行了数值模拟和实验研究,其中气相流场采用RNGkε-湍流模型,油滴运动轨迹采用分散相模型.同时,搭建了油气分离器性能试验台,对不同结构参数的旋风式油气分离器在不同工况下的分离效率进行了测试,并利用Malvern激光粒度分析仪对分离器进出口油滴粒径分布进行了测量与分析.研究结果表明,最佳的入口速度与参数组合使得分离器效率最高,对于直径大于25μm的油滴,旋风式分离器完全可以分离.旋风式分离器内部油滴分离的数值模拟与实验对比表明,采用考虑油滴破碎的分散相两相流模型的模拟结果与实验数据吻合良好.     

航空发动机滑油系统叶轮式通风器数值计算研究

通过数值计算方法,对航空发动机滑油系统叶轮式通风器进行两相流分离模拟研究.在两相流的计算中,对油气混合物选用欧拉-拉格朗日模型,湍流模型则选用k-ε模型.通过多种工况的计算,探讨了不同油气比、转速对通风器腔内流动、分离效率以及油滴最小分离直径的影响.结果显示,实验数据和计算结果符合较好,一定程度上揭示了叶轮式通风器内部流动分布和油滴运动规律及其分离机理.     

油气分离器内油滴轨迹的数值模拟

采用数值模拟的方法研究分离器内油滴的运动。单相流场采用各向异性的雷诺应力方程模型，气液两相流场采用相间耦合的DPM模型计算，用随机轨道模型对油滴的运动轨迹进行追踪。通过对油滴轨迹的分析，揭示了油滴在分离器中运动的物理机制。结果表明：油滴的轨迹受叶片数量、叶轮转速和油滴粒径的影响很大。     

气液喷射器中不同粒径分布函数下液滴轨迹数值模拟

采用数值模拟的方法研究气液喷射器内液滴的运动轨迹,液相流场采用离散相模型。研究粒径和液滴速度对液滴运动轨迹的影响,探索了单一液滴和不同Rosin—Rammler分布函数下液滴的运动轨迹。结果表明,气相旋转气流并没有对液滴的轨迹造成太大的影响,液滴仍是以接近直线的形式向前运动;离散相液滴最终的速度主要取决于气相速度,与液滴粒径大小、粒径分布和初速度无关;液滴的运动轨迹随着Rosin—Rammler分布中均匀性系数的增加,液滴速度的增大和平均粒径的减小而发生改变,造成离散相液滴喷出趋向于集中和液滴相对远离壁面。     

负压诱导油水加速分离过程分析

为改善油水分离的效果，利用泵吸产生的负压将含油污水吸入曲板组成的流道内，使油滴在曲面的导流作用下进入分离空间并获得向上的运动速度。对此油水分离过程中油滴浮升的动力学模型进行了分析。结果表明，油滴在具有向上初始运动速度后，浮升速度会增加，并且油滴的粒径越大，加速分离的效果越明显。     

碟式离心机分离性能试验及数值模拟研究

碟式离心机作为高效分离机械广泛应用于食品、化工、制药等行业生产．为探究碟式离心机的内部流场及分离效率，进行了现场试验，并根据Σ理论建立了具有20层碟片的简化三维物理模型，利用FLUENT软件对转鼓内的流场及分离过程进行数值模拟．试验结果表明，转速和进料量对碟式离心机分离效率影响较大，提高转速、降低进料量均能提高离心机的分离效率，通过分析进出口物料的粒径发现，在试验工况下，粒径大于6μm的颗粒均能被有效分离，改变操作参数主要影响粒径为2～5μm的颗粒的分离．模拟结果表明：在碟片间隙内，物料对碟片的跟随性良好，压力与半径呈现出二次型正比关系，周向速度与半径成正比关系，在沉渣区域物料明显滞后于转鼓转动，这导致离心液压和周向速度均小于理论值，同时随着转速的提高，沉渣区域物料的滞后性更加明显；由于上升通道存在，在碟片间隙内局部位置存在明显轴向速度，从而对碟片内的流动产生干扰，导致碟片大端位置的周向速度和离心液压分布不均；在两相分离过程中，颗粒自液相中分离，沉积于上碟片的下表面，并滑落至转鼓沉渣区，固相颗粒在碟片间隙内主要堆积于定距条前侧，在相邻两个定距条之间，固相体积分数沿顺时针方向减少．研究方...     

基于水平集方法的气化微油点火技术研究

利用标准k-ε湍流模型对夹杂煤粒的油滴油气混合物(以下简称颗粒两相流)在微油燃烧器中的流场特性进行分析研究,并采用水平集方法对颗粒两相流的运动轨迹进行模拟。仿真结果很好地描述了颗粒两相流在燃烧室内X轴方向的速度分布、煤颗粒的浓度分布和运行轨迹,系统节油率达到95%以上。     

垂直管道内液-固两相流动的压降和相分布特征

为得到垂直管道内液-固两相的流动特征,采用电阻层析成像方法对流动的相分布和含率等进行测量,并采用无量纲参数对流动的压降进行分析。研究表明,垂直管道内液-固两相流动中固相颗粒均呈非均匀分布,且浓度呈近似轴对称分布;不同颗粒粒径的液-固两相流动中的相间速度滑移程度不同;液-固两相流动中,粒径较小固相颗粒的掺入可有效降低流动的摩擦压降,具有湍流减阻的作用,而由于粒径较大固相颗粒间存在频繁碰撞,会增加流动压降;对于相间速度滑移较小的液-固两相流动,可采用均相流模型对流动的压降等参数进行精确计算,为准确预测液-固两相流动的压降,合理设计海洋资源生产及输送系统提供理论依据。     

操作参数对催化裂解旋流反应器流动梯度场的影响

为揭示旋流反应器内生物质热解气与催化剂的混合流动状态,加速生物质热解气的催化裂解,利用本实验室自制的生物质催化裂解旋流反应器,采用k-ε模型与Eulerian双流体模型进行模拟分析,研究了入口气速和催化剂粒径对反应器内的固相体积分数、压力、速度的影响规律,并进行了实验验证。结果表明:速度变量下,轴向气相速度的改变对于反应器内的体积分数分布影响较小,而切向气相速度的影响较大。接触主反应区内,催化剂粒径为10μm左右时,混合程度最优;在反应分离耦合区内,颗粒粒径改变对分离效果无显著影响。4种催化剂粒径工况下,粒径10μm状态更有利于气固两相的分离;入口速度改变时,较大的切向入口速度可导致气体流量增大,有利于反应器内的气固流动,提升气固分离效果。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.