僵藕的形态和解剖

僵藕的部分表皮细胞已破坏或凹陷,表皮层上有入侵的真菌,表皮层之下为一层单宁细胞,其中有些已破坏或破裂,在基本组织中有多个由于薄壁细胞分解而形成的空腔。其薄壁细胞体积校正常藕者为小,且内含的蛋白质及淀粉粒很少。气道周围的细胞分裂已停止,没有草酸钙结晶存在,维管束减退甚至一个堆管束中部分或所有的管胞分子均已破坏,留下一个未质部空腔和韧皮部。     

张氏红山茶叶片适应于环境的解剖特征

张氏红山茶Camellia changiiYe是一年多次开花的植物,它具有全缘、倒卵形的叶,其异面叶具有异型结构的特点:叶的上表皮由1层偶见2层、下表皮由2层细胞组成复表皮,角质膜上覆盖着颇厚、透明的蜡被层;气孔器主要分布在下表皮,气孔口略凹陷,保卫细胞外面常由3个不等大的副卫细胞包围;栅栏组织由1层、偶见2层圆柱状的细胞组成;海绵组织多数,常见首尾相接连成网状;叶脉维管束由纤维细胞组成的扁圆形的维管束鞘包围,维管束鞘两端开放,小脉维管束鞘则由薄壁细胞组成;中脉的维管束鞘外具有多层的基本组织细胞,在接近表皮处基本组织中有大型的石细胞,在下表皮紧靠复表皮处分布石细胞带,带宽1～3个细胞,石细胞外形不规则,分枝粗短或不分枝;石细胞带的内侧为海绵组织细胞。张氏红山茶叶片解剖结构特征表明它是旱生性的中生植物,具有适应强阳光生长的生态习性。     

毛竹竹秆秆柄形态与解剖学研究

目的 揭示毛竹竹秆秆柄形态学与解剖学特征。方法 利用形态统计学、滑走切片与石蜡切片技术对不同发育时期毛竹秆柄形态与解剖结构进行研究。结果 毛竹成熟笋秆柄长约3.22 cm, 基部、中部与上部直径分别约为1.2、1.4与1.9 cm,平均具有约14个芽鳞片。解剖学分析显示,毛竹秆柄为实心结构,从外到内依次分布有表皮、下皮、皮层、维管组织与基本组织。其中,下皮约7层细胞,皮层约25层细胞,秆柄横切面维管束分布数量约672个。毛竹竹秆秆柄维管束从形态上可分为6种类型,以仅具有单个后生导管的纤维帽闭合式维管束为主,其形态显著不同于毛竹竹秆与竹鞭节间典型的开放式维管束。同时薄壁细胞纵向排列不规则,且无明显的长、短细胞之分。纵切显示,秆柄木质化程度、维管束密度均为底部最高,中部次之,上部最低。对不同初生增粗生长期笋芽秆柄形态与解剖学观察发现,发育后期笋芽秆柄芽鳞片数、长度与直径均与成熟笋秆柄接近;同时发育前期笋芽秆柄已具有与成熟笋秆柄相同的芽鳞片数;但秆柄长度变化从小到大依次为发育前期笋芽<发育中期笋芽<发育后期笋芽。结论 毛竹竹秆秆柄解剖学结构显著不同于竹秆;秆柄基本结构在笋芽的发育前期已分化完成;发育前期至发育后期笋芽秆柄具有一个明显的伸长生长过程。     

湖北百合离体繁殖中的形态发生

在湖北百合的离体繁殖中，进行了组织切片观察，其丛生苗是通过不定根不定芽的发育形成的。不定芽起源于鳞片叶表皮和表皮下几层细胞；也可发生在生长发育中不定芽的生长锥上，由顶端分生组织中局部细胞分裂和分形成不定芽原基。     

欧活血丹(Glechoma hederacea L.)营养器官解剖学研究

对欧活血丹营养器官解剖学进行研究,结果表明：欧活血丹营养器官具有双子叶植物的基本特征.根由表皮、皮层、维管柱组成,初生木质部二原型,外始式发育;次生生长时不形成周皮,只形成次生维管组织,次生木质部发达.茎横切面为正方形,由表皮、皮层、维管柱组成;茎的表皮有少量的腺体与表皮毛,4个角隅处有厚角组织分布,厚角组织内侧为4个大维管束,髓发达;上、下叶表皮细胞差异显著,上表皮细胞大,疏被表皮毛,腺点及气孔多分布于下表皮;叶肉栅栏组织发达,海绵组织形态多样、排列疏松;叶为网状脉,主脉维管束发达,侧脉及各个支脉的结构因大小不同而逐渐简化.叶柄横切面为马蹄形,有三个维管束,中央大维管束发达,角隅处小维管束简化且具厚角组织.     

Association of dwarfism and floral induction with a grape 'green revolution' mutation

The transition from vegetative to reproductive growth is an essential process in the life cycle of plants. Plant floral induction pathways respond to both environmental and endogenous cues and much has been learnt about these genetic pathways by studying mutants of Arabidopsis. Gibberellins (GAs) are plant growth regulators important in many aspects of plant growth and in Arabidopsis they promote flowering. Here we provide genetic evidence that GAs inhibit flowering in grapevine. A grapevine dwarf mutant derived from the L1 cell layer of the champagne cultivar Pinot Meunier produces inflorescences along the length of the shoot where tendrils are normally formed. The mutated gene associated with the phenotype is a homologue of the wheat 'green revolution' gene Reduced height-1 (ref. 6) and the Arabidopsis gene GA insensitive (GAI). The conversion of tendrils to inflorescences in the mutant demonstrates that the grapevine tendril is a modified inflorescence inhibited from completing floral development by GAs.     

Identification of a novel tillering dwarf mutant and fine mapping of the TDDL（T） gene in rice （Oryza sativa L.）

Rice plant architecture is an important agronomic trait that affects the grain yield. To understand the molecular mechanism that controls plant architecture, a tillering dwarf mutant with darker-green leaves derived from an indica cultivar IR64 treated with EMS is characterized. The mutant, designated as tddl（t）, is nonallelic to the known tiilering dwarf mutants. It is controlled by one recessive nuclear gene, TDDL（T）, and grouped into the dn-type dwarfism according to Takeda＇s definition. The dwarfism of the mutant is independent of gibberellic acid based on the analyses of two GA-mediated processes. The independence of brassinosteroid （BR） and naphthal-3-acetic acid （NAA） of the tddl（t） mutant, together with the decreased size of parenchyma cells in the vascular bundle, indicates that the TDDL（7） gene might participate in another hormone pathway. TDDL（T） is fine mapped within an 85.51 kb region on the long arm of rice chromosome 4, where 20 ORFs are predicted by RiceGAAS （http：//ricegaas.dna.affrc. go.jp/rgadb/）. Further cloning of TDDL（T） will benefit both marker assisted selection （MAS） of plant architecture and dissection of the molecular mechanism underlying tillering dwarf in rice.     

Eph receptors and ephrins restrict cell intermingling and communication.

Eph proteins are receptors with tyrosine-kinase activity which, with their ephrin ligands, mediate contact-dependent cell interactions that are implicated in the repulsion mechanisms that guide migrating cells and neuronal growth cones to specific destinations. Ephrin-B proteins have conserved cytoplasmic tyrosine residues that are phosphorylated upon interaction with an EphB receptor, and may transduce signals that regulate a cellular response. Because Eph receptors and ephrins have complementary expression in many tissues during embryogenesis, bidirectional activation of Eph receptors and ephrin-B proteins could occur at interfaces of their expression domains, for example at segment boundaries in the vertebrate hindbrain. Previous work has implicated Eph receptors and ephrin-B proteins in the restriction of cell intermingling between hindbrain segments. We therefore analysed whether complementary expression of Eph receptors and ephrins restricts cell intermingling, and whether this requires bidirectional or unidirectional signalling. Here we report that bidirectional but not unidirectional signalling restricts the intermingling of adjacent cell populations, whereas unidirectional activation is sufficient to restrict cell communication through gap junctions. These results reveal that Eph receptors and ephrins regulate two aspects of cell behaviour that can stabilize a distinct identity of adjacent cell populations.     

蒲菜营养器官的解剖学研究

研究了蒲菜营养器官的形态结构。蒲菜不定根根冠、皮怃、维管柱起源于顶端分组织中各自大独立的３层原始细胞，表皮与皮层起源于共同的原始细胞，不定根具根毛，维管束为多原型。生长锥原套为２层，茎的维管束均分散在基本组织中，分为中央维管束和周围维管束，蒲叶两面均具栅栏组织，为等面叶，两表皮气孔器密度相似。     

Pathophysiological consequences of VEGF-induced vascular permeability

Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces angiogenesis, it also disrupts vascular barrier function in diseased tissues. Accordingly, VEGF expression in cancer and ischaemic disease has unexpected pathophysiological consequences. By uncoupling endothelial cell-cell junctions VEGF causes vascular permeability and oedema, resulting in extensive injury to ischaemic tissues after stroke or myocardial infarction. In cancer, VEGF-mediated disruption of the vascular barrier may potentiate tumour cell extravasation, leading to widespread metastatic disease. Therefore, by blocking the vascular permeability promoting effects of VEGF it may be feasible to reduce tissue injury after ischaemic disease and minimize the invasive properties of circulating tumour cells.     

Ca2+/calmodulin is critical for brassinosteroid biosynthesis and plant growth

Brassinosteroids are plant-specific steroid hormones that have an important role in coupling environmental factors, especially light, with plant growth and development. How the endogenous brassinosteroids change in response to environmental stimuli is largely unknown. Ca2+/calmodulin has an essential role in sensing and transducing environmental stimuli. Arabidopsis DWARF1 (DWF1) is responsible for an early step in brassinosteroid biosynthesis that converts 24-methylenecholesterol to campesterol. Here we show that DWF1 is a Ca2+/calmodulin-binding protein and this binding is critical for its function. Molecular genetic analysis using site-directed and deletion mutants revealed that loss of calmodulin binding completely abolished the function of DWF1 in planta, whereas partial loss of calmodulin binding resulted in a partial dwarf phenotype in complementation studies. These results provide direct proof that Ca2+/calmodulin-mediated signalling has a critical role in controlling the function of DWF1. Furthermore, we observed that DWF1 orthologues from other plants have a similar Ca2+/calmodulin-binding domain, implying that Ca2+/calmodulin regulation of DWF1 and its homologues is common in plants. These results raise the possibility of producing size-engineered crops by altering the Ca2+/calmodulin-binding property of their DWF1 orthologues.     

长序狼尾草幼苗形态解剖

本文对长序狼尾草幼苗的根、叶片、叶鞘和胚芽鞘等部分进行了详尽地观察和描述。     

花生喷施生根粉对植株生长和叶片结构的影响

本实验着重研究了花生在下针期喷施生根粉（ＡＢＴ）对植株生长和叶片结构的影响，结果表明：促进主茎生长，一级分枝数目减少；茎皮层增厚，维管束变窄；叶柄维管束增长，宽度减少，机械组织增厚；叶片表皮细胞密度增加，细胞变小；叶绿体基粒片层数目增多，促进叶绿体发育．     

风信子子房的组织培养

通过组织培养技术可以从风信子（ＨｙａｃｉｎｔｈｕｓｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓＬ．）子房诱导出完整植株．在我们的研究中,ＭＳ＋ＢＡ５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ１ｍｇ／Ｌ较适于诱导愈伤组织和芽．适于芽生长的培养基是ＭＳ＋ＢＡ２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ２ｍｇ／Ｌ．ＭＳ（不加任何外源激素）培养基适于诱导生根     

拉马克月见草(Oenothera Lamarckinan Ser)营养器官解剖构造的研究(Ⅱ)茎的解剖构造

具有特殊生理活性的r—亚麻酸(GLA)为月见草种子油所特有。为开发月见草这一新油料植物资源,本文对拉马克月见草茎的解剖构造进行了研究。其结构分表皮层、皮层和维管柱三部分。表皮层上有表皮细胞、单细胞腺毛、单细胞表皮毛、多细胞表皮毛和毛茛型气孔,皮层较窄,同化层3—5层细胞,皮层薄壁组织中有针晶细胞,皮层外周由3—5层厚角组织细胞构成连续层,内皮层不显著;维管柱与皮层的界限难以划分。幼茎中初生维管组织排列成束,为双韧维管束。韧皮部合有筛管、伴细胞和韧皮薄壁组织细胞。横切面上筛管与伴细胞常聚集成小堆。内生韧皮部含有较多的针晶细胞。次生生长时,外生韧皮部的外方有成束分布的韧皮纤维。木质部由管导、管胞、木薄壁组织细胞和木纤维组成。老茎的维管组织排列成圆筒形。具单列和多列维管射线。髓大型。     

Brassinosteroid regulates stomatal development by GSK3-mediated inhibition of a MAPK pathway

Plants must coordinate the regulation of biochemistry and anatomy to optimize photosynthesis and water-use efficiency. The formation of stomata, epidermal pores that facilitate gas exchange, is highly coordinated with other aspects of photosynthetic development. The signalling pathways controlling stomata development are not fully understood, although mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling is known to have key roles. Here we demonstrate in Arabidopsis that brassinosteroid regulates stomatal development by activating the MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK) YDA (also known as YODA). Genetic analyses indicate that receptor kinase-mediated brassinosteroid signalling inhibits stomatal development through the glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-like kinase BIN2, and BIN2 acts upstream of YDA but downstream of the ERECTA family of receptor kinases. Complementary in vitro and in vivo assays show that BIN2 phosphorylates YDA to inhibit YDA phosphorylation of its substrate MKK4, and that activities of downstream MAPKs are reduced in brassinosteroid-deficient mutants but increased by treatment with either brassinosteroid or GSK3-kinase inhibitor. Our results indicate that brassinosteroid inhibits stomatal development by alleviating GSK3-mediated inhibition of this MAPK module, providing two key links; that of a plant MAPKKK to its upstream regulators and of brassinosteroid to a specific developmental output.     

茭白分蘗苗端的结构及发育研究

茭白生育过程可分为四个时期:萌发期、分蘖期、苗端增粗期、休眠期。生长锥在各阶段始终保持原套—原体结构,原套两层细胞。叶原基发生的最初标志是原套细胞在叶原基发生位点上的平周分裂。最初的腋芽原基发生在苗端倒数第3间隔期所形成的幼叶叶腋内,发生的早期出现壳状区结构,促仗腋芽原基外突。不定根发生的最早阶段约在苗端倒数第5节间的上部,起源于幼茎外围堆管束的外侧一层薄壁细胞。茭瓜是茎的变态,它的侧生腋芽退化,没有膨大。茭瓜的膨大可归因于:基本组织的细胞分裂、细胞体积增大和胞间隙扩大等。茭白苗端的淀粉分布及消长规律与苗端的分区结构和器官发生都有密切相关性。     

库拉索芦荟和木立芦荟叶的形态结构及有效成分含量的比较

应用植物解剖学和植物化学相结合的方法比较研究了3年生库拉索芦荟(Aloe vera L.)和木立芦荟(Aloe arborescens Mill)的形态结构和芦荟素、芦荟多糖等有效成分的含量.研究结果表明:(1)库拉索芦荟茎极短,叶丛生,成熟叶片长60~80 cm,质量400~550 g;木立芦荟茎高50~70 cm,叶互生,成熟叶片长40~50 cm,质量100~150 g.(2)两种芦荟叶都由表皮、同化组织、贮水组织和维管束组成.库拉索芦荟叶的贮水组织占横切面的90%以上,而木立芦荟叶的贮水组织仅占横切面的70%.(3)库拉索芦荟叶中芦荟素含量为1.46%,芦荟多糖含量为3.56%,宜作为芦荟多糖的原料;木立芦荟叶中芦荟素含量为2.15%,芦荟多糖含量为2.58%,宜作为芦荟素等蒽醌类物质的原料.研究结果为芦荟的引种栽培、采收和产品加工提供了科学依据.     

肺癌患者血清P53抗体及肺癌组织P53表达对肺癌诊断价值的研究

目的探讨肺癌患者血清P53抗体水平及肺癌组织P53表达对肺癌诊断的价值.方法采用ELISA法检测肺癌患者血清P53抗体水平,并采用免疫组化法检测肺癌组织P53表达情况.结果肺癌患者血清P53抗体（17.84±8.73）ng/L水平比正常对照组（5.43±1.90）ng/L显著升高（P〈0.001）,肺癌患者血清P53抗体水平与肿瘤大小、淋巴转移、远端转移、TNM分期有关.肺癌患者癌组织P53表达的阳性率为61.5%（168/273）,肺癌患者癌组织P53阳性表达率与肿瘤大小、淋巴转移、远端转移、TNM分期、分化程度、病理类型有关.结论血清P53抗体水平与癌组织中的表达有着良好的平行关系,测定血清P53抗体水平或检查肺癌患者癌组织P53的表达可对肺癌的诊断、分期、治疗和预后提供重要依据.